STRATEGIES FOR IN-VITRO DIFFERENTIATION
Picture Credit: (22)

The following strategies to induce in-vitro differentiation of ES cells were taken from the article "In-vitro differentiation of pancreatic beta cells" by B. Soria (20):
 

· Changes in the culture method - involves the formation of embryoid bodies or culture in monolayer.
 

· Addition of extracellular signals, the growth factors which modify gene expression and cell proliferation
 

· Restriction of either nutrients, such glucose and amino acids, or the oxygen needed to metabolise these nutrients.
 

· Reduction of serum concentration.
 

· Engineered expression or repression of certain fate-determinant or master genes
 

· Use of extracellular matrix components and adhesion molecules, such as laminin or integrins.