Cell lysate vaccines consist of lysed allogeneic melanoma cell membrane particles. The allogeneic antigens are ingested by macrophages and presented with the tumor antigens in the context of self-MHC to effector cells. M.S. Mitchell has developed a cell lysate vaccine for melanoma which has induced increased survival rates in advanced disease by two to three fold. The vaccine incorporates mechanically disrupted, allogeneic, non-irradiated melanoma cells with the DETOX adjuvant. An increase in cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) precursors as well as melanoma specific cytotoxic T cells are observed upon vaccination, although heightened macrophage infiltration causing a delayed-type hypersensitivity response has also been suggested as a mechanism by which the vaccine elicits an immune response.