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Disclaimer:The
recommendations written on this page are not intended to be a replacement
for the vaccine schedule suggested by the medical community.This
schedule is only a simplified overview of the actual schedule and concern.
Recommendations
made by The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)
A.Children and Adolescents
under 18 Years of Age
1.First
dose: Given as early as 6 weeks of age, but usually given at 2 months of
age.
2.Second
dose: 4 months of age.
3.Third
dose: 6 to 18 months of age.
The first and
second doses of IPV are necessary to induce a primary immune response,
and the third dose of IPV ensures boosting of antibody titers to high levels.
The preferred interval between the second and third doses of IPV is 2-8
months. Children who receive three doses of IPV before the fourth birthday
should receive a fourth dose before or at school entry. The fourth dose
is not needed if the third dose is given on or after the fourth birthday.
An all-IPV schedule is the preferred schedule for routine polio vaccination
of children in the United States, including children who began their polio
vaccination series with OPV.A minimum
interval of 4 weeks should separate all doses of the series.
B.Adults
over 18 years of age
Note: Recommendations for poliovirus vaccination of adults in the above
categories depend upon the previous vaccination history and the time available
before protection is required.
For unvaccinated adults at an increased risk
of exposure
1.First
and Second doses: given at a 1 to 2 month interval
2.Third
dose: Given 6 to 12 months later.
If 8 weeks or more are available before
protection is needed, three doses of IPV should be given at least 4 weeks
apart. If 4-8 weeks are available before protection is needed, two doses
of IPV should be given at least 4 weeks apart. If less than 4 weeks are
available before protection is needed, a single dose of either OPV or IPV
is recommended. In all instances, the remaining doses of vaccine should
be given later, at the recommended intervals, if the person remains at
increased risk.
Adults who have previously completed a primary
course of OPV
May be given another dose of OPV if there
is increased risk in exposure. These adults are not at increased risk of
VAPP. The need for further supplementary doses has not been established.
Adults who previously completed a primary
course of IPV
May be given a dose of either IPV or
OPV if there is increased risk to exposure.
Adults who have previously received less
than a full primary course of OPV or IPV
Should be given the remaining doses of
IPV, regardless of the interval since the last dose and type of vaccine
previously received. It is not necessary to restart the series of either
vaccine if the schedule has been interrupted.
Other Considerations
1.People
with serious allergic reactions to a vaccine component, usually antibiotics
present in the vaccine, are not required to receive polio vaccinations.
2.Persons
with allergies that are not anaphylactic may be vaccinated.
3.Mild
illness including mild diarrhea is not a contraindication.
4.Minor
upper respiratory illnesses with or without fever, mild to moderate local
reactions to a previous dose of vaccine, current antimicrobial therapy,
and the convalescent phase of an acute illness are not contraindications
for vaccination.
5. OPV
should never be given to immunodeficient individuals or any of their household
contacts. (IPV may be substituted for OPV.)
6.Neither
OPV nor IPV should be administered to pregnant women unless immediate protection
is necessary. In this case, OPV is recommended.
(Taken
from http://www.aap.org/family/parents/immunize.htm)