After testing the feasibility of transfecting excised
patient tumor cells with the GM-CSF gene by a gene gun, researchers are
planning to use the approach in a phase I clinical trial of gene therapy
for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Seigne et al.: A Feasibility Study
of Gene Gun Mediated Immunotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. The Journal
of Urology, 162: 1259-1263, 1999.
The above picture is a gene gun, which delivers a plasmid coated gold particle by a 200 lb. per inch pulse of He.