Rotavirus
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References
Disclaimer
Epidemiology
Virology
Pathology
Current Treatment
Intro to Rotavirus Vaccines
Rotashield®
Other Vaccine Efforts
Epidemiology
Virology
Pathology
Current Treatment
Intro to Rotavirus Vaccines
Rotashield®
Other Vaccine Efforts
References
Disclaimer

Disclaimer

This web site was developed by undergraduate students at Brown University as a project for a course in vaccine development (Bio 160). An effort has been made to present information on the prevalent opinions available at this time.  References to published articles and acknowledgements of other sources are cited in the text.  The authors of this web site are not certified medical professionals.  Biomedical research and clinical medicine are constantly evolving fields, thus it is possible that significant advances in research and treatments will come into existence following posting of this web site.

Please send feedback to:

Mark Scott [Mark_F_Scott@brown.edu]
Laura Janneck [Laura_Janneck@brown.edu]
Rosanna Dent [Rosanna_Dent@brown.edu]
David Merino [David_Merino@brown.edu]
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Epidemiology

  1. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap33.html
  2. http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/new_vaccines/en/index1.html
  3. http://www.rotavirusvaccine.org/vaccine-facts.htm
  4. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/stomach/rotavirus.html
  5. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/rot.html
  6. http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/new_vaccines/en/index1.html
  7. Peter, G. and M.G. Myers, Intussusception, rotavirus, and oral vaccines: summary of a workshop. Pediatrics, 2002. 110(6): p. e67. PubMed
  8. Ansari, S.A., et al., Rotavirus survival on human hands and transfer of infectious virus to animate and nonporous inanimate surfaces. J Clin Microbiol, 1988. 26(8): p. 1513-8. PubMed
  9. http://www.rotavirusvaccine.org/vaccine-facts.htm
  10. Cunliffe, N.A., J.S. Bresee, and C.A. Hart, Rotavirus vaccines: development, current issues and future prospects. J Infect, 2002. 45(1): p. 1-9. PubMed
  11. Knoop, F.C., M. Owens, and I.C. Crocker, Clostridium difficile: clinical disease and diagnosis. Clin Microbiol Rev, 1993. 6(3): p. 251-65. PubMed
  12. Parashar, U.D., et al., Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis, 2003. 9(5): p. 565-72. PubMed
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Virology

  1. Varani, G. and F.H. Allain, How a rotavirus hijacks the human protein synthesis machinery. Nat Struct Biol, 2002. 9(3): p. 158-60. PubMed
  2. Guerrero, C.A., et al., Heat shock cognate protein 70 is involved in rotavirus cell entry. J Virol, 2002. 76(8): p. 4096-102. PubMed
  3. Mohan, K.V., et al., A human vaccine strain of lamb rotavirus (Chinese) NSP4 gene: complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses. Virus Genes, 2003. 26(2): p. 185-92. PubMed
  4. Maunula, L. and C.H. Von Bonsdorff, Frequent reassortments may explain the genetic heterogeneity of rotaviruses: analysis of Finnish rotavirus strains. J Virol, 2002. 76(23): p. 11793-800. PubMed
  5. Padilla-Noriega, L., O. Paniagua, and S. Guzman-Leon, Rotavirus protein NSP3 shuts off host cell protein synthesis. Virology, 2002. 298(1): p. 1-7. PubMed
  6. Inoue, Y., et al., P genotypic identification of human group A rotaviruses. Jpn J Infect Dis, 2003. 56(4): p. 179-80. PubMed
  7. Zhou, Y., et al., Distribution of human rotaviruses, especially G9 strains, in Japan from 1996 to 2000. Microbiol Immunol, 2003. 47(8): p. 591-9. PubMed
  8. Laird, A.R., et al., Characterization of serotype G9 rotavirus strains isolated in the United States and India from 1993 to 2001. J Clin Microbiol, 2003. 41(7): p. 3100-11. PubMed
  9. Iturriza-Gomara, M., et al., Evidence for genetic linkage between the gene segments encoding NSP4 and VP6 proteins in common and reassortant human rotavirus strains. J Clin Microbiol, 2003. 41(8): p. 3566-73. PubMed
  10. Kirkwood, C., et al., Genetic and antigenic characterization of rotavirus serotype G9 strains isolated in Australia between 1997 and 2001. J Clin Microbiol, 2003. 41(8): p. 3649-54. PubMed
  11. Graham, K.L., et al., Integrin-using rotaviruses bind α2β1 integrin α2 I domain via VP4 DGE sequence and recognize αXβ2 and αVβ3 by using VP7 during cell entry. J Virol, 2003. 77(18): p. 9969-78. PubMed
  12. Laird, A.R., et al., Unexpected detection of animal VP7 genes among common rotavirus strains isolated from children in Mexico. J Clin Microbiol, 2003. 41(9): p. 4400-3. PubMed
  13. Mandell, G.L., et al., Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 5th ed. Copyright © 2000 Churchhill Livingstone, Inc. pp:1696-1703.
  14. Vende, P., Z.F. Taraporewala, and J.T. Patton, RNA-binding activity of the rotavirus phosphoprotein NSP5 includes affinity for double-stranded RNA. J Virol, 2002. 76(10): p. 5291-9. PubMed
  15. Graff, J.W., et al., Interferon regulatory factor 3 is a cellular partner of rotavirus NSP1. J Virol, 2002. 76(18): p. 9545-50. PubMed
  16. Golantsova, N.E., E.E. Gorbunova, and E.R. Mackow, Discrete domains within the rotavirus VP5* direct peripheral membrane association and membrane permeability. J Virol, 2004. 78(4): p. 2037-44. PubMed
  17. Torres-Vega, M.A., et al., The C-terminal domain of rotavirus NSP5 is essential for its multimerization, hyperphosphorylation and interaction with NSP6. J Gen Virol, 2000. 81(Pt 3): p. 821-30. PubMed
  18. Offit, P.A., The future of rotavirus vaccines. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis, 2002. 13(3): p. 190-5. PubMed
  19. Anderson, E.J. and S.G. Weber, Rotavirus infection in adults. Lancet Infect Dis, 2004. 4(2): p. 91-9. PubMed
  20. Burns, J.W., et al., Analyses of homologous rotavirus infection in the mouse model. Virology, 1995. 207(1): p. 143-53. PubMed
  21. Conner, M.E., et al., Serologic and mucosal immune response to rotavirus infection in the rabbit model. J Virol, 1991. 65(5): p. 2562-71. PubMed
  22. Saif, L.J., et al., The gnotobiotic piglet as a model for studies of disease pathogenesis and immunity to human rotaviruses. Arch Virol Suppl, 1996. 12: p. 153-61. PubMed
  23. Saif, L., et al., Comparative studies of the pathogenesis, antibody immune responses, and homologous protection to porcine and human rotaviruses in gnotobiotic piglets. Adv Exp Med Biol, 1997. 412: p. 397-403. PubMed
  24. To, T.L., et al., Serum and intestinal isotype antibody responses and correlates of protective immunity to human rotavirus in a gnotobiotic pig model of disease. J Gen Virol, 1998. 79 ( Pt 11): p. 2661-72. PubMed
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Pathology

  1. http://www.who.int/vaccine_research/documents/new_vaccines/en/index1.html
  2. Lentze, M.J., Useful and superfluous measures in the treatment of infant diarrhea. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax, 1982. 71(46): p. 1816-20. PubMed
  3. http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap33.html
  4. Marshall, J., et al., Rotavirus detection and characterisation in outbreaks of gastroenteritis in aged-care facilities. J Clin Virol, 2003. 28(3): p. 331-40. PubMed
  5. Arguelles, M.H., et al., VP7 and VP4 genotyping of human group A rotavirus in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Clin Microbiol, 2000. 38(1): p. 252-9. PubMed
  6. Lundgren, O. and L. Svensson, Pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea. Microbes Infect, 2001. 3(13): p. 1145-56. PubMed
  7. Anderson, E.J. and S.G. Weber, Rotavirus infection in adults. Lancet Infect Dis, 2004. 4(2): p. 91-9. PubMed
  8. Burns, J.W., et al., Analyses of homologous rotavirus infection in the mouse model. Virology, 1995. 207(1): p. 143-53. PubMed
  9. O'Neal, C.M., G.R. Harriman, and M.E. Conner, Protection of the villus epithelial cells of the small intestine from rotavirus infection does not require immunoglobulin A. J Virol, 2000. 74(9): p. 4102-9. PubMed
  10. VanCott, J.L., et al., Role for T cell-independent B cell activity in the resolution of primary rotavirus infection in mice. Eur J Immunol, 2001. 31(11): p. 3380-7. PubMed
  11. Franco, M.A. and H.B. Greenberg, Role of B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in clearance of and immunity to rotavirus infection in mice. J Virol, 1995. 69(12): p. 7800-6. PubMed
  12. Dharakul, T., L. Rott, and H.B. Greenberg, Recovery from chronic rotavirus infection in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency: virus clearance mediated by adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ T lymphocytes. J Virol, 1990. 64(9): p. 4375-82. PubMed
  13. Velazquez, F.R., et al., Serum antibody as a marker of protection against natural rotavirus infection and disease. J Infect Dis, 2000. 182(6): p. 1602-9. PubMed
  14. O'Neal, C.M., G.R. Harriman, and M.E. Conner, Protection of the villus epithelial cells of the small intestine from rotavirus infection does not require immunoglobulin A. J Virol, 2000. 74(9): p. 4102-9. PubMed
  15. Franco, M.A., C. Tin, and H.B. Greenberg, CD8+ T cells can mediate almost complete short-term and partial long-term immunity to rotavirus in mice. J Virol, 1997. 71(5): p. 4165-70. PubMed
  16. Anderson, E.J. and S.G. Weber, Rotavirus infection in adults. Lancet Infect Dis, 2004. 4(2): p. 91-9. PubMed
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Current Treatment

  1. Santosham, M., et al., Oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea: an example of reverse transfer of technology. Pediatrics, 1997. 100(5): p. E10. PubMed
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Intro to Rotavirus Vaccines

  1. Chen, S.C., et al., Protective immunity induced by rotavirus DNA vaccines. Vaccine, 1997. 15(8): p. 899-902. PubMed
  2. Herrmann, J.E., et al., Immune responses and protection obtained by oral immunization with rotavirus VP4 and VP7 DNA vaccines encapsulated in microparticles. Virology, 1999. 259(1): p. 148-53. PubMed
  3. Yang, K., et al., Immune responses and protection obtained with rotavirus VP6 DNA vaccines given by intramuscular injection. Vaccine, 2001. 19(23-24): p. 3285-91. PubMed
  4. Vesikari, T., Rotavirus vaccines against diarrhoeal disease. Lancet, 1997. 350(9090): p. 1538-41. PubMed
  5. Clark, H.F., et al., Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2003. 22(10): p. 914-20. PubMed
  6. Crawford, S.E., et al., Heterotypic protection and induction of a broad heterotypic neutralization response by rotavirus-like particles. J Virol. 1999 Jun;73(6):4813-22. PubMed ID 10233942
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Rotashield®

  1. Dennehy, Penelope. Lecture, March 4, 2004.
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Other Vaccine Efforts

  1. Dennehy, Penelope. Lecture, March 4, 2004.
  2. Orellana, C., Rotavirus vaccine shows promise. Lancet Infect Dis, 2003. 3(7): p. 396. PubMed
  3. Clark, H.F., et al., Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in healthy infants of G1 and G2 human reassortant rotavirus vaccine in a new stabilizer/buffer liquid formulation. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2003. 22(10): p. 914-20. PubMed
  4. http://www.bioscinews.com/files/news-detail.asp?NewsID=5947
  5. Vesikari, T., et al., Safety and immunogenicity of RIX4414 live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine in adults, toddlers and previously uninfected infants. Vaccine. In Press, Uncorrected Proof.
  6. Kirkwood, C.D. and J. Buttery, Rotavirus vaccines - an update. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 2003. 3(1): p. 97-105. PubMed
  7. Clemens, R., GSK Biologicals Vaccine Pipeline - Relevance for Latin America & Caribbean, Lecture to Pan American Health Organization, 2004
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Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
BI 160: Development of Vaccines to Infectious Diseases
Mark Scott, Laura Janneck, Rosanna Dent, David Merino