History 110: Crusades: Syllabus



				The Crusades: Schedule of Meetings and Readings: Fall 2006 I. Roots of the Crusades Tue., Sep 5: Introduction: scope, goals, issues. Thu., Sep 7: Christian Western Europe in the 'feudal' age: space, time & the holy Reading: begin Madden, ch. 1 ("the Call"); the 'pilgrimage of Etheria' (4th century), Allen & Amt, no. 1; Raoul Glaber's account of the year 1000 (IMS); Truce of God at Köln, 1083, Allen & Amt, no. 9; A throng of German pilgrims visits Jerusalem, 1064-5 (IMS). Tue., Sep 12: Co-heirs and enemies: Byzantium and Islam Reading: Marcus Bull, "Origins," in the Illustrated History, ch. 2; Allen & Amt, nos. 3-5 (Quran, Al-Baladhuri, Pact of Omar). Thu., Sep 14: The Invention of the Crusades: Causes, Provocation, Incitement Reading: Urban II: retellings of the council of Clermont, November 1095 (Allen & Amt, no. 12— also online at IMS); Other selections in Allen & Amt: nos. 6 ('early indulgences'), 7 (Ibn Hayyan), 8 (Song of Roland), 10 (Matthew of Edessa on Seljuk Conquests). Tue., Sep 19: First Crusade: the People and the Barons Reading: Madden, ch. 2; Allen & Amt 13 (Albert of Aachen—see also online here, IMS), 14 (Solomon bar Samson—see also online here, IMS), & 15 (Anna Komnena, also online here). First essay due in class, September 19 Thu., Sep 21: Discussion Section: The First Crusaders Discussion: First Crusade Texts so far Tue., Sep 26: Constantinople, Antioch and of Jerusalem Reading: Allen & Amt 16 (Gesta francorum), 17 (Stephen of Blois), 18-22 (1098-1099, various writers). II. Crusade to Colony Thu., Sep 28: The Kingdom of Jerusalem: a colonial régime? Reading: Madden, ch. 3 (to p. 49); Illustrated History, chapter 6 (Jonathan Phillips, "The Latin East"); Allen & Amt, nos. 23 (William of Tyre), 24 (Fulcher of Chartres), 29 (Ibn Jubayr), 30 (Usama ign Munqidh). Tue., Oct 3: The Templars and Hospitalers: staffing a colony Reading: Illustrated History, ch. 9 (Forey, "The Military Orders, 1120-1312"); William of Tyre on foundation of the Templars (IMS); The 'Primitive Rule of the Templars' (ORB): excerpts of this and the later vernacular rule are in Allen & Amt, no. 50; Saint Bernard, 'In praise of the new knighthood' (ORB; excerpted Allen & Amt, no. 49). Thu., Oct 5: Discussion Section: Templars and Crusading Reading: Primitive Rule; "Praise of the new Knighthood" (see above); Allen & Amt, nos. 93 (King Philip of France arrests the Templars, 1307) and 94 (Pope Clement V suppresses the Templar order, 1312); Also read two original 12th-century Templar endowment documents, available on line at my personal website. Tue., Oct 10: Zenghi and Muslim reunification Reading: Madden, ch. 3, 49-61; Robert Irwin, "Islam and the Crusades, 1096-1699," in the Illustrated History, ch. 10, pp. 217-231 (part of the chapter). Thu., Oct 12: The Second Crusade: expanding a pattern Reading: Pope Eugenius, Call for Second Crusade (IMS); Saint Bernard, Apologia on the Second Crusade (IMS); Odo of Deuil on Louis VII (Allen & Amt, no. 36). Tue., Oct 17: A new ideology: Crusades, Holy War, and Just War Reading: James Turner Johnson, "Jihad and Just War' (e-journal First Things, 2002); Saint Augustine, on Just War, (Allen & Amt, no. 2); Quran again (Allen & Amt, no. 3); 'Early Indulgences' (Allen & Amt, no. 6); Saint Thomas Aquinas, excerpt from the Summa theologica, on war (from the 'Christian Classics Ethereal Library'); Robert Irwin, "Islam and the Crusades," in the Illustrated History. Thu., Oct 19: Discussion Section: Holy War and Just War Reading: (see Tuesday). Tue., Oct 24: Review Thu., Oct 26: Midterm Exam Tue., Oct 31: Saladin and the Third Crusade Reading: Madden, ch. 4; Ernoul's account of the battle of Hattin (IMS); Imad ad Din on Hattin (Allen & Amt, no. 40); Baha ad-Din on Saladin (Allen & Amt, no. 39). Allen & Amt, nos. 42-44. Thu., Nov 2: Discussion Section: The Third Crusade and Chivalry Reading: Sir Walter Scott, The Talisman, introduction, chapters 1-2 (pdf); Jonathan Riley-Smith, "The State of Mind of Crusaders to the East," in the Illustrated History, ch. 4; And: try to see the Ridley Scott film Kingdom of Heaven (2005) if you have not done so. III. The Expansion of 'Crusade' Tue., Nov 7: Christian expansion: the Reconquista (and the Baltic frontier) Reading: Madden, ch. 6 ("Crusading at Home"); Poem of the Cid, first cantar, complete (pdf); Siege of Lisbon, 1147 (Allen & Amt, no. 76); Alfonso VII on Las Navas de Tolosa, 1212 (Allen & Amt, no. 77); Christian & Muslim laws in Iberia (Allen & Amt, nos. 79-80); Allen & Amt, nos. 66-70 (esp. 68, Henry of Livonia). Thu., Nov 9: Crusades against Christians: The Fourth Crusade Reading: Madden, ch. 5; Allen & Amt, nos. 57-58; Pope Innocent III's reaction to the taking of Constantinople (IMS). Tue., Nov 14: Crusades against Christians: The Albigensian Crusade Reading: Madden, ch. 6 again; Song of the Cathar Wars, extract (pdf). Prospectus of second essay due November 14 Thu., Nov 16: Discussion Section: The Corruption of Crusading? Reading: Innocent III, Canons of the 4th Lateran Council [1215] about Crusading (pdf); Song of the Cathar Wars and readings from last three classes, etc. Tue., Nov 21: Frederick II and Saint Louis, and the fall of the Latin East Reading: Madden, chs. 7-9; Allen & Amt, nos. 70-73 (Frederick II); Joinville, Life of Saint Louis (Allen & Amt, no. 84); The Fall of Jerusalem to the Khorasmians, 1244 (IMS); the Fall of Acre, 1291 (IMS); Allen & Amt, nos. 86-88 (Liudolf, etc.); suppression of the Knights Templar (Allen & Amt, nos. 93-94). Thu., Nov 23: no class: Thanksgiving IV. The Afterlife of Crusading Tue., Nov 28: Christianity and Islam: the long Ottoman frontier Reading: Illustrated History, chs. 11 (Housley) and 12 (Edbury); Balbo di Correggio, The Siege of Malta excerpt (pdf); Siege of Vienna (1683): 'True and Exact Relation...' (transcribed at an odd site); Letter of John III Sobieski, King of Poland (pdf). Thu., Nov 30: Discussion Section: Decline and Fall of Crusading? Reading: Humbert of Romans, on Criticisms of crusading (Allen & Amt, no. 90); Ramon Llull's plan to convert the Muslims (Allen & Amt, no. 91); suppression of the Knights Templar (Allen & Amt, nos. 93-94); Pope Pius II, on Crusade preparations in 1459-60 (Allen & Amt, no. 102); Erasmus, On the War Against the Turks (Allen & Amt, no. 103); Balbo, The Siege of Malta (excerpt—see above); Tue., Dec 5: Afterlife of the Crusades: Romance, Geopolitics and Legacy Reading: Illustrated History, chs. 14-15. Thu., Dec 7: Conclusion / Review Final essay due Friday, December 8 Tue., Dec 19, 9:00 am: Final Exam— held in MacMillan 115 (NOT our usual room).