History 135 - Modern Genocide

 

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History 135 Syllabus

Syllabi for History courses might also be available at the History Department Web Site

Modern Genocide and Other Crimes Against Humanity

Fall 2005 HIS 135 (K)

Professor Omer Bartov                                        Office Hours: Tuesdays 1-2:30pm Green House

Teaching Assistants (see tab): Chris Barthel, Lauren Faulkner, Lauren Jones, Adam Webster

 

This course explores the emergence, evolution, varieties, underlying causes, and means of confronting and coming to terms with genocide and other crimes against humanity in the twentieth century. We will discuss the emergence of genocide and the subsequent conceptualization of this phenomenon; manifestations of colonial genocide; the mass murder of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire; the Nazi Holocaust of the Jews and the mass murder of the handicapped and the Gypsies; instances of communist-induced genocide, with an emphasis on the case of Cambodia; and the recent genocide in Rwanda. We will then examine cases of war crimes by the Japanese and German military in World War II; mass crimes perpetrated by the Soviet regime against its own citizens; and the emergence and conceptualization of “ethnic cleansing,” with a special emphasis on the case of the former Yugoslavia. From there we will move on to more general interpretations of the genocide and other crimes against humanity, and discuss the manner in which they can be confronted through retribution, restitution, and other instruments of justice. Finally we will examine the rise of the new global terrorism, and discuss the relationship between this type of potentially devastating violence, state-terror and crimes, and the role of the international community.

Students will take a mid-term and final examination and will submit an extra-reading  paper on one of the suggested optional readings. Regular attendance at lectures and active participation in sections are expected.

The course web site address is http://www.brown.edu/Courses/HI0135/.  These web pages are an integral part of the course and you are encouraged to visit them for each week's topic.  Each of the web sites listed below is also available through a link on the course web site which can be found on the "Weekly Topics" page.

Required Reading:

For purchase:

Anne Applebaum, Gulag, A History

Omer Bartov, Hitler's Army: Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich

Doris Bergen, War & Genocide: A Concise History of the Holocaust

Michael Ignatieff, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror

Iris Chang, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II

Robert Gellately and Ben Kiernan, eds., The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective

Gary Jonathan Bass, Stay the Hand of Vengeance: The Politics of War Crimes Tribunals

Norman N. Naimark, Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in 20th Century Europe

Samantha Power, “A Problem from Hell”: America and the Age of Genocide

 

Extra Reading (one of the following) for paper:

Adam Hochschild, King Leopold’s Ghost

Fergal Keane, Season of Blood

Primo Levi, Survival in Auschwitz

 

Week 1: The Invention of Genocide

Power, 1-85

     9/6   Lecture: Introduction

     9/8   Lecture: Legislating genocide

                   "Universal Declaration of Human Rights"

                   UN General Assembly Resolution on Genocide

                   Press Release on the Declaration's 50th Anniversary

                   The Right to Life: Speech by Louise Arbour, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights

 

Week 2: Colonial Genocide: Killing Indigenous Peoples

Barkan and Hull: in Gellately & Kiernan, 117-62.

     9/13   Lecture: Colonialism and genocide

     9/15   Lecture: The genocide of the Herero

                    Kipling's "White Man's Burden"

                    Pear's Soap Ad

                    Political Cartoons

                    Colonial Maps

 

Week 3: Imperial Genocide: The Ottoman Mass Murder of the Armenians

Winter: in Gellately & Kiernan, 189-213; Naimark, 17-42.

     9/20    Lecture: The Armenian genocide

     9/22    TA Lecture: The Great War and genocide

                Video clip: Jay Winter, The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century (1998)

                     "Report on the Treatment of Armenian Children in         Trebizond"

                     "Report on the Deportation of Armenians from Zeitun"

                     Images of ad campaign for Armenian relief

                     Map of Armenian Genocide

                     Guenter Lewy, Revisiting the Armenian Genocide

                     Official Turkish position: Armenian Allegations of  Genocide

                    Sample Archival Documents on the Armenian Genocide

                    Taner Akçam, Anatomy of a Crime PDF

                    For contemporary press coverage see Richard Kloian, The Armenian Genocide: News Accounts From

                   The American Press: 1915-1922

 

Week 4: Nazi Genocide: The Extermination of the Handicapped, Gypsies, and Jews

Bergen, the whole book

     9/27     Lecture: Nazi policies of sterilization, "euthanasia," and cleansing the "asocials"

                 Video clip: Michael Burleigh, Selling Murder (1993)

     9/29     Lecture: The Nazi genocide of Jews and Gypsies

                    Nazi Perpetrator Testimony (Excerpts)

                    Maps of the Nazi Genocide

                    Gypsy marriage customs

                    Occupations

                    Beliefs

                    Excerpt from Charlotte Delbo's Days and Memory (handout)

                    Letters, diary extracts

                    Article on the history of mental illness and its treatment in America

                    Excerpt from Robert Jay Lifton's The Nazi Doctors

                    The protest of Bishop von Galen

                    Stanley Milgram:  Perils of Obedience

                    The Zimbardo experiment

                   

 

Week 5: Communist Genocide: Cambodia

Power, 87-154; Kissi: in Gellately & Kiernan, 307-23.

     10/4     Lecture: The origins of genocide in Cambodia

     10/6     Lecture: The Cambodian genocide in perspective

                    Khmer Rouge Suspects Feel Pressure Is Building for Trial (New York Times)

                    Map of Cambodian Genocide

                    Images of Exhumations from Cambodia's Killing Fields

                    Ben Kiernan: The Cambodian Genocide and Imperial Culture

                    Cambodian Genocide Program

                    Gregory Stanton: Blue Scarves and Yellow Stars

                    Khmer Rouge Biographical Questionnaire

 

Week 6: African Genocide: Rwanda

Power, 155-69, 329-89; Melson: in Gellately & Kiernan, 325-38

     10/11     Lecture: Colonial origins and genocide in Rwanda (Midterms handed out)

                   "The Girl Who Refused to Die"

                    "When Good Men Do Nothing."

                    Map of Rwandan Genocide

     10/13     Yom Kippur: No Class

                   

Week 7: War Crimes: Japan

Chang, whole book; McCormack: in Gellately & Kiernan, 265-86

     10/18     Two Guest Lectures: Vital Akimana, survivor of the genocide in Rwanda

                   & Adam Jones, Gender & genocide (Midterms due back)

                   There will also be a campus screening of the film "Sometimes in April" on the genocide in Rwanda

                   followed by Q&A with Akimana, time TBA

     10/20     TA Lecture: The "Rape of Nanjing," image and propaganda

                   Propaganda film clip: Frank Capra, Know Your Enemy: Japan (1945)

                   Excerpt from John Dower's War Without Mercy (handout)

                    "Categories of War Crimes"

                    Adam Jones on Nanjing and gendercide

 

Week 8: War Crimes: Germany and Italy

Bartov, whole book

     10/25     Lecture: Conceptualizing and practicing the "war of extermination"

                   Film clip: Eder & Kufus, Mein Krieg (1991)

                   Film clip: Ruth Beckermann, East of War  (1996)

     10/27     Guest Lecture: Simon Levis Sullam, Imperialism, Antisemitism and genocide in Fascist Italy

                  

 

Week 9: Mass Crimes in the Soviet Union

Werth: in Gellately & Kiernan, 215-39; Naimark, 85-107; Applebaum, whole book

     11/1       Lecture: War and revolution

     11/3       Lecture:  The Gulag

                   Khrushchev's "Secret Speech" 1956 (excerpts)

                   Map of Soviet Gulag System

                   Pictures of Ukrainian Famine Victims

 

Week 10: The Invention of “Ethnic Cleansing” and the former Yugoslavia

Power, 248-327, 391-473; Naimark,1-16, 42-56, 139-84

     11/8       Lecture: Population policies and ethnic cleansing in context

                   BBC film clip: The Nazis (1997)        

     11/10     Lecture: Bosnia and Kosovo

                   "Mass Graves" in Yugoslavia

                   Biljana Plavšić on "defective gene" among Muslims

 

Week 11: Interpretations of Genocide

Kiernan, Weitz, Bartov: in Gellately & Kiernan, 29-96.

     11/15      Lecture: Theories and definitions

                    Video clip: Stopping Genocide: Darfur (2004)

                     William Schabas, The Genocide Convention at Fifty

                     Nicholas D. Kristof speaks with Romeo Dallaire

     11/17      Guest Lecture: Andrew Loewenstein, Report on the genocide in Darfur

         

Week 12: Genocide and Justice

Bass, whole book; Power, 475-516

     11/22    Lecture: Precedents and international tribunals since 1945

                  Video clip: Nuremberg (2000)

                   Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
                   UN on the establishment of ICC

                   Assignment: recent reports and opinions on genocide and justice

     11/24    Thanksgiving: no class

 

Week 13: The Dilemma of Global Terrorism

Ignatieff, whole book

     11/29     Lecture: Totalitarianism and global terrorism

                   EXTRA READING PAPER DUE BACK                        

     12/1       Guest Lecture: Doug Burgess, Pirates, terrorists and a new International law

                               

Week 14: Continuity and Change: Again Never Again

Revision of material

     12/6       Lecture: Ethics, survival, memory, and representation

                    Video Clip:  Alain Resnais, Night and Fog (1955)

                    Excerpt from Tadeusz Borowski, This Way for the

                    Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen   PDF

                    Excerpt from Jan Gross, Neighbors PDF

                    Excerpt from Primo Levi, The Drowned and the Saved PDF

                    The works of David Olere

 

                   FINAL EXAM HANDED OUT -- DUE BACK 12/13