IR0 180 Seminar - Section 71

 

                                 The Chinese Democracy Movement in the 20th Century:

                       The Chinese Democracy Wall and the Chinese Democratic Party

 

 

 

Brown University                   Spring 2006

Instructor: Xu Wenli             N Hour

340 Watson Institute                     Office Hours: Wed. 9:00 – 3:00pm

TA: Zi Fei

        Fei_Zi@Brown.edu

 

 

Course Description

 

 

This seminar will survey the Chinese democracy movement during 20th century, with a special focus in developments of the last 30 years. For two thousand years, China has been an autocratic nation. In 1898, during the last years as the Qing Dynasty , several intellectuals, led by –Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao—also known as “the Reform Group”—made great changes to the nation’s system. They felt that the backwardness of the system was a fundamental cause of China’s backwardness in modern times. 

 

With the Reform Movement, Chinese society began the process of democratization. In the following period of over one hundred years, important figures, such as Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing, emerged. Nevertheless, after the Revolution of 1911, no matter what government if was—the coastal provinces of the Qi Dynasty, the people’s National Party. Or the Communist Party—basically all the systems of government implemented were autocratic.

 

With the successive deaths of the Chinese Communist Party’s three most important leaders, Mao Zeding, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De, Chinese society again faced a turn point, with the opportunity for democratization. The Chinese Democracy Wall movement emerged in this historical context. It was a wall in Beijing where people could post essays about democracy. From the wall came a movement that snowballed into Tiananmen Square.

 

After the Chinese Democracy Wall was closed down in 1980, democratic activities in Mainland China continued in the form of students movements, of which the Tiananmen massacre, the “6/4 incident,” shocked the world the most.

 

During the summer of 1998, the Chinese Democratic Party, an organization of opposition factionalists, was established in Mainland China. It was an important attempt to establish an opposition party in Mainland China. This historical movement is of special importance, as it helped to push Mainland China towards the future democratic society.

 

The Chinese Democracy Wall and the Chinese Democratic Party represent two aspects of Chinese modern history rarely know to people, having been purposefully concealed by the Chinese Communist Party government.

 

This course is designed to be a challenging survey of the field with the aim of understanding these two important developments in modern Chinese history. Emphasis will be placed on grasping appropriate methods of research and interpretation to answer the questions.

 

 

Assignments and Grading

 

This course will require students to write two short reports and one longer term paper. Your reports and final paper can be written either in English ( to be graded by TA) or in Chinese ( to be graded by Mr. Xu).

 

The grading is as follows:

 

2 short (2-3 pages )reports: 30%

                    --1st report: due ??

                    --2nd report: due ??

 

Final term paper: 40%

                    --due ?? ( turn it in at Mr. Xu’s mailbox at the Watson Institute by 4pm)

 

(Anytime between ?? and ??, you will be required to turn in a brief summary                     written in Chinese explaining what topic you will be addressing in your paper)

  Class participation: 30%

 

 

Readings

 

There are various reference books and materials for this course, in both English and Chinese. In each class, both English and Chinese materials will be assigned. In taking this course students will have a good opportunity to study Chinese language and culture.

 

*Required Books:

1. Andrew Nathan. China’s Transition.  Columbia University Press,1997 [can be purchased at the Brown Bookstore].

2. Andrew Nathan and Bruce Gilley. China’s New Rulers: The Secret Files. New York Review Books, 2003 [can be purchased at the Brown Bookstore].

3. Perry Link. Evening Chats in Beijing: Probing China’s Predicament. W.W. Norton & Company, 1992 [Can be purchased at the Abebooks.com]

4. Han Minzhu. Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches of 1989 Chinese Democracy

Movement. Princeton University Press, 1990 [can be purchased at Abebooks.com]

5. Orville, Schell. Mandate of Heaven: The Legacy of Tiananmen Square and the Next Generation of China’s Leaders. Simon & Schuster Inc., 1994  [can be purchased at Abebooks.com]

 

*The following two books will be on reserve ( 3hrs use) at the Rock:

1. Gregor Benton and Alan Hunter. Wild Lily, Prairie: Chian’s Road to Democracy, Yan-an to Tian’anmen. Princeton University Press, 1995 Document 21-27, pp. 157-198. [on reserve at the Rock]

2. Stephen C. Angle and Marina Svensson. The Chinese Human Rights Reader: Documents and Commentary, 1900-2000. M.E. Sharpe,c2001 Chapters 39-45, pp.253-303. [on reserve at the Rock]

 

 

 

Course outline

 

 

 

??

Lesson 1

Introduction

  1. Project Chinese Films and Televison Works of China’s Majestic Landscapes
  2. Professor and Students Give Introductions
  3. Students Present their Knowledge of China
  4. Course Introduction: Two Important Periods of Current History and Chinese History since 1840
  5. Exhibit of Relics from the Chinese Democracy Wall Movement, the Chinese Democracy Party, and Xu Wenli’s Life in Prison.
  6. Study Approach, Goals, and Requests
  7. Commentary on Current Affairs in China

 

 

READINGS (必读)

1．《“中国民主墙”和“中国民主党”》一课简介（中英文）

2．《中国民主墙民刊汇编》（1978年－1980年）及序（中文）

3．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

4．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》    （严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

5．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

 

??

Lesson 2

1840-1949 Pre-Modern Chinese History

 

记述历史的两种基本方法 ( 排比法和比较法) 1949-1979年的中国当代简史 

 

READINGS (必读) 

1. 徐文立2003年3月29日在美国印地安那州普渡大学的演讲

2.《中国民主墙民刊汇编》（1978年－1980年）及序（中文）

               (2/2/05发《中国民主墙民刊汇编》及序（英文）)

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):

1. 《共产中国五十年》         (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《沉重的反思》             (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《风雨苍黄五十年》         (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

4. 《几多文物付之一炬》      (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

5. 《从东方红到东方穷》           (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 

 

 

??

Lesson 3:

Influence of the April 4th movement on the direction of Chinese Political Development

Brief History of Post-1949 China

 

READINGS (必读) 

1．徐文立2003年3月29日在美国印地安那州普渡大学的演讲

2.《中国民主墙民刊汇编》（1978年－1980年）及序（中英文）

3. Andrew Nathan. China’s Transition.(Columbia University Press, 997), Ch. 2-6, pp.15-89.

4. Maurice Meisner. The Moist Legacy and Chinese Socialism (in Mao’s Legacy: A Symposium). Asian Survey, Vol. 17, (Nov., 1977), pp. 1016-1027. [JSTOR]

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):

1. 《共产中国五十年》         (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《沉重的反思》             (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《风雨苍黄五十年》         (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

4. 《几多文物付之一炬》       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

5. 《质疑『五四』叁议》       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 

 

??

Lesson 4:

Brief History of Post-1949 China

Two methods of verifying history: Deletion and Comparison

 

 READINGS (必读):

1.《中国民主墙民刊汇编》（1978年－1980年）及序（中英文）

2. Kjeld Erik Brodsgaard. “The Democracy Movement in China, 1978-1979: Opposition Movements, Wall Poster Campaigns, and Underground Journals.” Asian Survey, Vol. 21, No.7. (Jul., 1981), pp. 747-774. [JSTOR]

3. Xu Xing, “ The Rise and Struggle for Survival of the Unofficial Press in China.” In Documents Wallpapers. (Editions de l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Socials & The Observer Publishers, 1981).

[ Photocopy of both English and Chinese version handed out in class]

 

（这堂课发王若水、郭罗基回忆民主墙文章，附王若水、郭罗基简介）

 

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):

2. 《中国民主墙民刊汇编》     (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3.  《造神与造反》                (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

4.  《我以我血荐轩辕》            (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

5． 《徐文立狱中家书》           (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 

 

??

Lesson 5:

Brief History of Post-1949 China

 

READINGS (必读):

1. Gregor Benton and Alan Hunter. Wild Lily, Prairie: China’s Road to Democracy, Yan-an to Tian’anmen. Princeton University Press, 1995. Document 21-27, pp. 157-198. [ On reserve at the Rock]

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):

1. 《中国民主墙民刊汇编》(一)    (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主墙民刊汇编》(二)    (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《我以我血荐轩辕》            (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

4. 《徐文立狱中家书》            (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

5. 《“星星”十年》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

6. 《造神与造反》                (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

7.  《郭罗基文选两篇》                (handed out during the 4th class)

8.  各种关于中国民主墙的介绍的资料   （handed out during the 1st class）

 

* Prepare for the 1st report.  Due at 7th class.

  

 

??

Lesson 6

Primary publications, leadership, and organization of the Chinese Democracy Wall movement.

 

READINGS (必读):

1. Stephen C. Angle and Marina Svensson. The Chinese Hunan Rights Reader: Documents and Commentary, 1900-2000. M.E. Sharpe, c2001. Chapters 39-45, pp. 253-304. [On reserve at the Rock]

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):

1. 《中国民主墙民刊汇编》(一)    (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主墙民刊汇编》(二)    (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《我以我血荐轩辕》            (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

4. 《徐文立狱中家书》            (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

5. 《“星星”十年》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

6. 《造神与造反》                (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

7.  《郭罗基文选两篇》                (handed out during the 4th class)

8.  各种关于中国民主墙的介绍的资料   （handed out during the 1st class）

 
* Prepare for the 1st report.  Due at 7th class.

 

 

 

??

Lesson 7

Primary publications, leadership, and organization of the Chinese Democracy Wall movement.

Influence and historical significance of the Chinese Democracy Wall Movement

 

READINGS (必读):

1. Perry Link. Evening Chats in Beijing : Probing China’s Predicament. W.W. Norton $ Company, 1992. Chapters 1-2, (pp. 51-122).

2. Han Mingzhu, Cries for Democracy: Writings and Speeches of the 1989 Chinese Democracy Movement. Princeton University Press, 1990, Chapters 1-2, (pp.5-128)

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《十年风雨》                  (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国“六四”真相》（上、下） (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 

* 1st report due
 

 

??

Lesson 8

Influence and historical significance of the Chinese Democracy Wall Movement

Chinese History from 1980-1989

*Film/Television screening for part of this class. (Chinese popular music from 1979.)

 

READINGS (必读):

1.Han Minzhu, Cries for Democracy. Chapters 3-6. (pp. 129-385)

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《十年风雨》                  (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国“六四”真相》（上、下） (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 

 

 

??

Lesson 9

Emergence of the Chinese Democracy Movement and its influence on Chinese Society

Chinese History from 1980-1989

Chinese Society in the 1990s

How the government controls the intellectuals.

Multimedia presentation on the April 4th movement

 

READINGS(必读):

1. Orvills Schell. Mandate of Heaven: The Legacy of Tiananmen Square and the Next Generation of China’s Leaders. Simon &Schuster Inc., 1949. Chapters 21-40, pp.231-441

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《十年风雨》                  (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国“六四”真相》（上、下） (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

 * Prepare for 2rd report (1-3 pages) due ?? 

 

 

??

Spring Break –No Classes Held

 

 

??      

Lesson 10

Emergence of the Chinese Democracy Movement and its influence on Chinese Society

Chinese History from 1980-1989

Chinese Society in the 1990s

How the government controls the intellectuals.

Multimedia presentation on the April 4th movement

 

READINGS(必读)

1．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

2．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》（严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

3．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

4. Human Rights Watch. “ Nipped in the Bud: The Suppression of the China Democratic Party. [http://www.hrw.org/reports/2000/china/]

5.Andrew J. Nathan. “Issues in China’s Foreign Relations: Human Rights in Chinese Foreign Policy. China Quarterly. No.139.  (Sep., 1994), pp.622-643. [JSTOR]

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《中国民主党资料汇编》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主党二十一世纪宣言》        (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《竞选一百天》                       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)   

 

* 2nd report due (1-3 pages)

 

 

??

Lesson 11

Background of the founding of the Chinese Democratic Party

 

READINGS (必读)

 1．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

2．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》（严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

3．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《中国民主党资料汇编》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主党二十一世纪宣言》        (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《竞选一百天》                       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)   

 

 

??

Lesson 12

Process of Founding the Chinese Democratic Party

Organization and Leadership of the Chinese Democratic Party

 

READINGS (必读)

1．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

2．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》（严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

3．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

4. Andrew J. Nathan. “Authoritarian Resilience”. Journal of Democracy.Vol.14 No.1(Jan.,2003), pp.6-17.[Will be handed out in class]

5.Edward X. Gu. “Non-Establishment Intellectuals, Public Space, and the Creation of the Non-Governmental Organizations in China: The Chen Ziming-Wang Juntao Saga.”The China Journal, No.19.,(Jan., 1998), pp.39-58.[JSTOR]

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《中国民主党资料汇编》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主党二十一世纪宣言》        (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《竞选一百天》                       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)   

 

*Prepare the outline of the final research paper and discuss with Mr. Xu Wenli.

* Final research paper due ??

 

 

??

Lesson 13

Organization and Leadership of the Chinese Democratic Party

 

READINGS(必读) 

1．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

2．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》（严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

3．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

4. Andrew Nathan and Bruce Gilley. China’s New Rulers: The Secret Files. New York Review Books,2003. Ch.1-6, pp.3-168.

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《中国民主党资料汇编》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主党二十一世纪宣言》        (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《竞选一百天》                       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)   

 

 

??

Lesson 14

Conclusion: Looking into the Future of Chinese Democratic Party, Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese society.

*Film /Television screening for part of this class. (Chinese Dance)

 

READINGS(必读)

1．《中国民主党成立公开宣言》（1998年6月25日）及《中国民主党党章》（祝正明起草）

2．《中国民主党京津党部成立公告》（1998年11月9日）及《中国民主党党章（临时）》（严家祺起草、徐文立定稿）

3．《中国民主党海外流亡总部成立公告》（2004年12月3日）及《中国民主党海外流亡总部党章（临时）》

4. Andrew Nathan and Bruce Gilley. China’s New Rulers: The Secret Files. New York Review Books,2003. Ch.6-9.pp. 169-265.

 

OPTIONAL READINGS (选读):  

1. 《中国民主党资料汇编》               (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

2. 《中国民主党二十一世纪宣言》        (可在徐文立办公室借阅)

3. 《竞选一百天》                       (可在徐文立办公室借阅)   

*Final research paper to be submitted to Xu Wenli’s Watson mailbox by 4:00pm on the ??