Azizi, E. Brainerd, E.L. and Roberts T.J. (2008). Variable gearing in pennate muscles. PNAS 105A, 1745-1750. Full-text available (PDF,986KB).

Azizi, E. and Brainerd, E.L. (2007). Architectural gear ratio and muscle fiber strain homogeneity in segmented musculature. Journal of Experimental Zoology 307A, 1-12. Full-text available (PDF,244KB).

Ward, A.B. and Brainerd, E.L. (2007). Evolution of axial patterning in elongate fishes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 90, 97-116. Full-text available (PDF,867KB).

Brainerd, E.L. and Owerkowicz, T. (2006). Functional morphology and evolution of aspiration breathing in tetrapods. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 154, 73-78. Full-text available (PDF,916KB).

Brainerd, E.L. and Hale, M.E. (2006). In vivo and functional imaging in developmental physiology. In Comparative Developmental Physiology, (eds. S. Warburton and W. Burggren), pp. 21-40. Oxford University Press. Full-text available (PDF,508KB).

Brainerd, E.L. and Ferry-Graham, L.A. (2006). Biomechanics of respiratory pumps. In Fish Biomechanics, (eds. R. Shadwick and G.V. Lauder), pp. 1-28. Academic Press. Full-text available (PDF,440KB).

Brainerd, E. L. and Azizi, E. (2005). Muscle fiber angle, segment bulging and architectural gear ratio in segmented musculature. Journal of Experimental Biology 208, 3249-3261. Full-text available (PDF,464KB).

Jackson, K. Kley, N. J. and Brainerd, E. L. (2004). How snakes eat snakes: the biomechanical challenges of ophiophagy for the California kingsnake, Lampropeltis getula californiae (Serpentes: Colubridae). Zoology 107, 191-200. Full-text available (PDF,484KB).

Levine, R. P. Monroy, J. A. and Brainerd, E. L. (2004). Contribution of eye retraction to swallowing performance in the northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Journal of Experimental Biology 207, 1361-1368. Full-text available (PDF,452KB).

Ultsch, G. R. Brainerd, E. L. and Jackson, D. C. (2004). Lung collapse in aquatic reptiles and amphibians during long-term diving. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, part A 139, 111-115. Full-text available (PDF,272KB).

Landberg, T. Mailhot, J. and Brainerd, E. L. (2003). Lung ventilation during treadmill locomotion in a terrestrial turtle, Terrapene carolina. Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 3391-3404. Full-text available (PDF,500KB).

Azizi, E. Gillis, G. B. and Brainerd, E. L. (2002). Morphology and mechanics of myosepta in a swimming salamander (Siren lacertina). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A 133, 967-978. Full-text available (PDF,1.4MB).

Brainerd, E. L. (2002). Physiology: Respiration. In Encyclopedia of Paleontology, (ed. R. Singer), pp. 1019-1021. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn.

Kley, N. J. and Brainerd, E. L. (2002). Post-cranial prey transport mechanisms in the black pinesnake, Pituophis melanoleucus lodingi: an x-ray videographic study. Zoology 105, 153-164. Full-text available (PDF,403KB).

Bennett, W. O. Simons, R. S. and Brainerd, E. L. (2001). Twisting and bending: the functional role of salamander lateral hypaxial musculature during locomotion. J. Exp. Biol. 204, 1979-1989. Full-text available (PDF,740KB).

Brainerd, E. L. (2001). News and Views: Caught in the Crossflow. Nature 412, 387-388. Full-text available (PDF,316KB).

Brainerd, E. L. Slutz, S. S. Hall, E. K. and Phillis, R. W. (2001). Patterns of genome size evolution in tetraodontiform fishes. Evolution 55, 2363-2368. Full-text available (PDF,80KB).

Druzisky, K. A. and Brainerd, E. L. (2001). Buccal oscillation and lung ventilation in a semi-aquatic turtle, Platysternon megacephalum. Zoology 104, 143-152. Full-text available (PDF,308KB).

Federle, W. Brainerd, E. L. McMahon, T. A. and Hölldobler, B. (2001). Biomechanics of the movable pretarsal adhesive organ in ants and bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, 6215-6220. Full-text available (PDF,1MB).

Owerkowicz, T. Brainerd, E. L. and Carrier, D. R. (2001). Electromyographic pattern of the gular pump in monitor lizards. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 156, 237-248.

Brainerd, E. L. and Simons, R. S. (2000). Morphology and function of the lateral hypaxial musculature in salamanders. Amer. Zool. 40, 77-86. Full-text available (PDF,132KB).

Simons, R. S. Bennett, W. O. and Brainerd, E. L. (2000). Mechanics of lung ventilation in a post-metamorphic salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. J. Exp. Biol. 203, 1081-1092. Full-text available (PDF,332KB).

Bennett, W. O. Summers, A. P. and Brainerd, E. L. (1999). Confirmation of the passive exhalation hypothesis in a terrestrial caecilian, Dermophis mexicanus. Copeia 1999, 206-209. Full-text available (PDF,554KB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1999). News and Views: Lickety Split. Nature 401 756-758.

Brainerd, E. L. (1999). New perspectives on the evolution of lung ventilation mechanisms in vertebrates. Experimental Biology Online 4, 11-28. Full-text available (PDF,760KB).

Kley, N. J. and Brainerd, E. L. (1999). Feeding by mandibular raking in a snake. Nature 402, 369-370. Full-text available (PDF,200KB).

Owerkowicz, T. Farmer, C. Hicks, J. W. and Brainerd, E. L. (1999). Contribution of gular pumping to lung ventilation in monitor lizards. Science 284, 1661-1663. Full-text available (PDF,196KB).

Simons, R. S. and Brainerd, E. L. (1999). Morphological variation of hypaxial musculature in salamanders. J. Morphol. 241, 153-164. Full-text available (PDF,220KB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1998). Mechanics of lung ventilation in a larval salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 2891-2901. Full-text available (PDF,300KB).

Brainerd, E. L. and Monroy, J. A. (1998). Mechanics of lung ventilation in a large aquatic salamander, Siren lacertina. J. Exp. Biol. 201, 673-682. Full-text available (PDF,180KB).

Brainerd, E. L. and Patek, S. N. (1998). Vertebral column morphology, C-start curvature, and the evolution of mechanical defenses in tetraodontiform fishes. Copeia 1998, 971-984. Full-text available (PDF,2.1MB).

Colson, D. J. Patek, S. N. Brainerd, E. L. and Lewis, S. M. (1998). Sound production during feeding in Hippocampus seahorses. Env. Biol. Fish. 51, 221-229. Full-text available (PDF,108KB).

Summers, A. P. Darouian, K. F. Richmond, A. M. and Brainerd, E. L. (1998). Kinematics of terrestrial and aquatic feeding in Terrapene carolina, with implications for the evolution of feeding in cryptodire turtles (REPTILIA: TESTUDINES). J. Exp. Zool. 281, 280-287.

Summers, A. P. Koob, T. J. and Brainerd, E. L. (1998). Stingray jaws strut their stuff. Nature 395, 971-984. Full-text available (PDF,396KB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1997). News and Views: Efficient fish not faint-hearted. Nature 389, 229-230. Full-text available (PDF,148KB).

Brainerd, E. L. Page, B. N. and Fish, F. E. (1997). Opercular jetting during fast-starts by flatfishes. J. Exp. Biol. 200, 1179-1188. Full-text available (PDF,248KB).

Wainwright, P. C. Turingan, R. and Brainerd, E. L. (1995). Functional morphology of pufferfish inflation: mechanism of the buccal pump. Copeia 1995, 614-625. Full-text available (PDF,1.8MB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1994). Pufferfish inflation: functional morphology of postcranial structures in Diodon holocanthus (Tetraodontiformes). J. of Morphol. 220, 243-261. Full-text available (PDF,3.5MB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1994). The evolution of lung-gill bimodal breathing and the homology of vertebrate respiratory pumps. Amer. Zool. 34, 289-299. Full-text available (PDF, 1.1MB).

Brainerd, E. L. (1994). Mechanical design of polypterid fish integument for energy storage during recoil aspiration. J. Zool. Lond. 232, 7-19. Full-text available (PDF, 5.9MB).

Brainerd, E. L. Ditelberg, J. S. and Bramble, D. M. (1993). Lung ventilation in salamanders and the evolution of vertebrate air-breathing mechanisms. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 49, 163-183. Full-text available (PDF, 1MB).

Norton, S. F. and Brainerd, E. L. (1993). Convergence in the feeding mechanics of ecomorphologically similar species in the Centrachidae and Cichlidae. J. Exp. Bio. 176, 11-29. Full-text available (PDF, 228KB).

Brainerd, E. L. Liem, K. F. and Samper, C. T. (1989). Air ventilation by recoil aspiration in polypterid fishes. Science 246, 1593-1595. Full-text available (PDF, 464KB).