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Study Abroad Programs

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Internships and Opportunities in the field of Environmental Studies

Scroll down for job postings, educational opportunities, grants/scholorships/funding, fellowships, call for papers.

INTERNSHIPS / SUMMER PROGRAMS

(posted 05/13/2013)

 

CUNY MURPHY INSTITUTE: INTERNSHIPS, LABOR STUDIES, SOCIAL JUSTICE!
At CUNY’s Murphy Institute, we offer two unique programs that provide students tools for leadership, scholarship, and advocacy: New York Union Semester and the Masters of Arts Degree in Labor Studies.

In the interdisciplinary MA in Labor Studies, students examine the history, debates and challenges affecting working people and unions. It’s an ideal degree for anyone interested in advocacy, non-profits, organizing, worker rights, or graduate studies in labor. We offer:

  • Evening classes in midtown Manhattan
  • Internships
  • Affordable tuition, academic resources, and financial aid

NY Union Semester offers a mentored internship for graduates and undergraduates at a labor union or worker organization, in addition to 4 outstanding classes. Interns receive:

  • A weekly stipend and unlimited Metro Card
  • In-state tuition rates and a scholarship for 4 labor studies courses
  • 12 graduate or 16 undergraduate credits

LEARN MORE AT The Murphy Institute website: www.sps.cuny.edu/institutes/jsmi

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN SOUTH AMERICA AND AFRICA

Our Projects immerse students in another culture and enable them to live and work as part of a team, working side by side with local people on an inspiring sustainable development project. Students are able to gain a practical understanding of a number of themes, from environmental sustainability, rainforest ecosystems, and Spanish language immersion through to rural livelihood diversification and community development, all the while providing much need support to the communities we work with. Our past volunteers have viewed their time with Quest as being of massive benefit to their understanding of elements of their course, as well as an interesting topic of conversation at job interviews. I would appreciate it if you would forward this mail onto any possible interested parties. This information is also attached as a poster for placement on your department’s student notice board.

“The real voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes.” – Marcel Proust

Allow me to introduce you to the award winning Sand Dam project in Kenya


(posted 05/06/2013)

LEED FOR NEIGHBORHOOD DEVELOPMENT INTERNSHIPS

Adam Maynard, a 2011 Brown alum, has two internships that just opened up on his team at the U.S. Green Building Council. They are great opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students looking for experience in sustainable urban development, including smart growth, green building, transportation, etc.

http://www.usgbc.org/Neighborhood_Development_Research_Intern

http://www.usgbc.org/Neighborhood_Development_Outreach_Internship


(posted 04/22/2013)

URI-UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO JOINT SUMMER SEMINAR
Adaptation to Climate Change in Coastal New England:
Implications for Fisheries and Coastal Hazards Management
August 8 - August 18, 2013

The University of Rhode Island (URI) and the University of Tokyo (Todai) jointly offer a summer seminar on issues in coastal management. This year the seminar will be held on the URI - Kingston campus with site visits and fieldwork throughout southeastern New England. The course will focus on the likely impacts of climate change on fisheries, aquaculture, and coastal development in southern New England and on potential adaptation strategies. The course will be co-taught by professors from Todai and URI. Seven students from Japan and seven students from the United States will participate in the program. Teams comprised of both American and Japanese students will jointly work on adaptation proposals as their final projects. The URI professors come from a variety of disciplines including Marine Affairs, History, and Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. The Todai professors are from Marine Science, Economics, and Public Policy. The headquarters for the ten-day joint session will be at the URI Kingston campus. Lectures will be held at the URI Kingston and Bay campuses. Site visits and team-building activities will be held throughout Rhode Island and southeastern Massachusetts. Students will meet with stakeholders in aquaculture, wild fisheries, and coastal development and also with government officials who are involved in regulating these sectors. Students will visit aquaculture operations, fishing ports, coastal hazard areas, and adaptation projects.

 

Learn More


(posted 04/01/2013)

RHODE ISLAND COLLEGE – GREEN AND SUSTAINABILITY STUDIES SUMMER 2013

Learn More


(posted 03/11/2013)

SUMMER FIELD COURSES IN SOUTHEAST ALASKA’S INSIDE PASSAGE!

The Tatoosh School is an independent, university-level field school with seasonal offices in Portland, Oregon and classrooms in the towns, oceans, and forests of Alaska’s Inside Passage. It is the school’s mission to foster first-hand learning about the ecology and environmental policy of southern Southeast Alaska.

Rigorous academics focus on the development of a sense of place and passion for civic engagement, and a sound knowledge of the Pacific coastal rainforest. Students earn 12 units of credit and leave empowered to explore their surroundings with wide-eyed curiosity and to reach out as active and informed citizens.

Traveling by sea kayak through the islands that make up Southeast’s Alexander Archipelago provides students with the opportunity to build outdoor leadership and technical skills. Lectures and assignments delve into topics ranging from island biogeography to contemporary timber management. Innovative curricula teach scientific curiosity and civic engagement in ways that students can take home and practice, building a six-week field course into a lifelong passion for wild learning.

Tatoosh School students become field scientists by participating in several established long-term ecological research programs together with our partners. These exciting projects provide students the opportunity to apply their understandings of Southeast’s dynamic terrestrial, riparian, and nearshore marine ecosystems while contributing to a valuable body of scientific data that is, in turn, used to inform management decisions across the region.

Course I - June 19 through July 29, 2013
Course II - August 2 through September 11, 2013

Academic Course Descriptions (offered concurrently during both 6-week expeditions):

Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecology of Southeast Alaska (6 units)
Southeast Alaska encompasses the Alexander Archipelago – composed of more than 5,000 islands – and a narrow strip of mountainous mainland, split by glacial fiords and major river systems. The land is home to an array of plant and animal life, and is considered the front lines of study in salmonid ecology, temperate rainforest structure and island biogeography. This intensive course develops an understanding of key ecological principles of aquatic and terrestrial systems from the nearshore intertidal zone to the high alpine, and examines the adaptations and relationships of organisms to their environments over time and space.

Politics of Place: Southeast Alaska (6 units)
This course explores the political landscape of Southeast Alaska and covers a wide range of topics including land ownership, public and private land management, conservation strategies, local and regional economies, Alaska Native cultures, land settlements, corporate structures and current resource management issues. It focuses on the evolution of social and legal structures and how those structures guide current decision-making. Inquiry and reason are applied to real-life challenges, and students engage with citizens and policymakers to consider solutions.

Learn more and apply at http://tatooshschool.org

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SUMMER 2013 ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP INTERNSHIP
Dates: June 17 – July 18, 2013
Location: Cochabamba, Bolivia and surrounding areas

Environmental Stewardship Internship, Ecobiostt
For a period of four weeks, students will engage with individuals, organizations, and movements working to create peaceful co-existence between humans and the biosphere in Bolivia. Students will learn from seasoned professionals employing the latest thinking in environmental sustainability, along with indigenous practices and experimental projects.

Activities will include visits to sustainable farms, small sustainable industries, and a sustainable forest project. Classroom activities will concentrate on the Ecobiostt model of learning co-evolution between human life and the biosphere. Students will gain valuable knowledge from a leading environmental sustainability thinker and will have the opportunity to build on to existing models from the hands-on experiences gained in Bolivia. Please see the following video for more information on the Ecobiostt Strategy: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Es3kaDaVLTU

Program Timeline

Week 1:

  • Arrive in La Paz, Bolivia
  • Orientation to the Environmental Sustainability Program
  • Visit La Paz Sites
  • Visit a deep ecology project in Sorata

Week 2-4:

  • Go to Cochabamba
  • Classroom learning and discussion surrounding the work of Aliaga7 and the coevolution with the cosmos and biosphere
  • Visit local sustainable farms and small sustainable industries
  • Visit and work on a sustainable forest and multi-level plantation project
  • Wrap-up discussions

Price: $2700 for 4 weeks

Program Includes:

  • Domestic travel
  • Travel Lodging
  • Lodging in Cochabamba
  • Project visits and International Meeting visit
  • Classroom Learning
  • Airport Pick-up

Program does not Include:

  • International Airfare
  • Meals
  • Travel/Emergency Medical Insurance (required)
  • Optional cultural activities

To Apply
For question, or to apply, please send your resume and a letter of interest to Cecilia at cecilia.foxworthy@gmail.com


JOB POSTINGS

(posted 05/20/2013)

JOB OP - BANANA LOGISTICS AND SALES

 

Oke USA is looking for a banana logistics and salesperson. In 2006, three entrepreneurial organizations came together to create Oke USA. Their goal was to introduce small-farmer, fair-trade bananas to the U.S. market. Oke USA operates as the banana importing arm of Equal Exchange, headquartered in West Bridgewater, Mass. It is a full-time position - 45-50 hours a week.

 

Responsibilities: Logistics - producer relations support, fruit procurement, ocean transportation, quality control, customs, U.S. transport, and coordination of weekly fruit supply to ripeners and distributors; sales - account maintenance, new sales, store visits and events, pricing and financial analysis; and marketing and education.

 

Qualifications: Ability to manage complex logistics; problem solver; team player; ability to work independently; time management skills; willingness to travel domestically and internationally; ability to work under high stress in a fast-paced environment; two or more years in produce; experience with perishable commodity logistics; experience with Latin American producer groups; and Spanish language skills.

 

Salary: Dependent on experience.

 

Benefits: 100 percent individual health insurance premium coverage and significant portion of dependent coverage, vacation, holidays and sick days.

 

To apply: e-mail cover letter, resume and brief answers to the three application questions below to info@okeusa.com.

 

Questions • If you were a small-scale banana farmer, what would you want out of a relationship with Oke USA? • The top five banana companies - Dole, Chiquita, Noboa, Fyffes and Fresh Del Monte - account for more than 80 percent of world banana market. Oke USA operates at a minute scale in comparison. What are the some of the challenges associated with this difference in scale and how would you approach those challenges? • Oke USA must compete with other produce companies on the most conventional terms while also carrying out our fair-trade mission. What do you bring to a company with this challenge?


(posted 05/13/2013)

JOB OP – CONTRACT SAMPLER: BOOTHBAY HARBOR, ME

Due to unexpected personnel changes, the DMR lobster program is looking for a fulltime (40hr/wk) contract sampler starting ASAP and working through November. The position would primarily be responsible for trips sampling on commercial lobster boats for both at-sea sampling and ventless traps and associated data entry. The candidate should be self-motivated, detail oriented, and able to work independently with industry. Some experience with lobster or commercial fishing boats, computers, and data collection and data entry is preferred.

The position pays $14/hr and is limited to 1000 hours. The position is based out of Boothbay Harbor, but will include travel along the coast and overnight trips. Also, weekend trips are likely, especially in June, July, and August.


(posted 05/06/2013)

JOB OP – NRCS SOIL CONSERVATIONIST, MINNESOTA

United States Department of Agriculture
National Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)
Soil Conservationist - GS-0457-05/07/09
2 Locations - Willmar, MN and Worthington, MN
Opening date: 04/29/2013
Closing date: 05/13/2013

Federal Employees: https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/342636600
Non-Federal Employees: https://www.usajobs.gov/GetJob/ViewDetails/342636700


(posted 04/29/2013)

JOB OP - VALET COORDINATOR AT RECYCLE-A-BIKE

Providence-based Recycle-A-Bike is seeking a bike valet coordinator to manage and run its popular bike valet program. The valet coordinator will be responsible for selling valet services and coordinating an average of two four-hour valet sessions per week from May through October.

Responsibilities: Sell valet services to event planners; develop and schedule a network of volunteers that can staff the valet; maintain valet equipment — racks, tools, promotional literature and donation box; train volunteers; solicit feedback from event planners.

Qualifications: Enthusiastic and active biker; ability to network and attract clients; ability to manage volunteers and generate excitement about biking as a form of transportation.

Compensation: Hourly wage based on qualifications. No other benefits are offered.

To apply: Send an email to Recycle-a-Bike.

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JOB OP - PRESIDENT FOR THE CONNECTICUT AUDUBON SOCIETY

Connecticut Audubon Society (CAS) seeks a visionary and inspiring President to lead the organization and serve as a spokesperson and advocate for conservation in the state of Connecticut. In addition to diversifying and deepening funding sources, the President will work with staff and the Boards on conservation and advocacy issues, promoting the work of CAS throughout the state, and building its reputation as a conservation leader. The President will drive the coordination of all initiatives and locations across CAS to increase organizational effectiveness. S/he will lead an executive management team, developing a performance culture among a group of diverse and talented individuals.

LEARN MORE


(posted 04/22/2013)

JOB OP – PER DIEM EDUCATOR WITH SAVE THE BAY
Position Title: Per Diem Educator
Reports to: Director of Education

Position Description: Save The Bay seeks individuals who are enthusiastic about environmental education to work with us on a per diem basis teaching our marine based education program. Students range from ages Pre K-adult. Staff members will be asked to teach in a variety of settings including afterschool programs, field sites, classrooms, aboard one of our education vessels, camps, etc. Per Diem staff members work a varied schedule based off of program needs.

Qualifications:

  • Background in marine science, environmental science or education
  • Experience leading children in education activities in the outdoors
  • First Aid/CPR certification a plus
  • Strong interest in environmental education
  • Ability to work individually as well as in a team
  • Must enjoy working with children
  • Must be flexible and outgoing with a good sense of humor
  • BCI check required
  • Must have own transportation and be willing to drive to several locations around the state

Compensation and Application: this position offers $10 per hour.

Please send cover letter, resume to Bridget Kubis Prescott at bkubis@savebay.org; or Save The Bay, Attention Bridget Kubis Prescott, c/o Per Diem education position, 100 Save The Bay Drive, Providence, RI 02905.


(posted 04/08/2013)

NOFA/RI HELP WANTED PAGE

This page offers job opportunities for farmers, gardeners and consumers. Listings will generally be posted for 60 days. Relistings are permitted.
Click here for Link

Formed in 1990, NOFA/RI is an organization of farmers, consumers, gardeners and environmentalists working to promote organic farming and organic land care practices. NOFA/RI fosters a healthy relationship to the natural world through educational workshops, advocacy and participation in local and regional events. NOFA/RI works to increase the acres of sustainably and organically managed land and to provide access to local, organic food for all Rhode Islanders. NOFA/RI is affiliated with other NOFA chapters through the NOFA Interstate Council.

EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

(posted 04/22/2013)

MASTERS DEGREE AT BARD CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

The Bard Center for Environmental Policy's graduate programs combine an intensive course of study with practical training in preparation for environmental careers in nonprofit organizations, government, and the private sector. The programs emphasize methods of critical inquiry and provides the practical knowledge necessary to understand the legal, political, socioeconomic, cultural, and ethical forces that influence the decision making process. Graduates are ready to bring these assets, underpinned by a sense of social responsibility and commitment, to their future work.

Learn More

GRANTS / SCHOLORSHIPS / FUNDING

 

FELLOWSHIPS


CALL FOR PAPERS

(posted 05/06/2013)

 

CALL FOR PAPERS – SCOTTISH JOURNAL OF ARTS, SOCIAL SCIENCES AND SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
Volume 11 No.II - ISSN 2047-1278
http://scottishjournal.co.uk/

 

SJASS invites scholars, researchers, professionals and academicians to publish their research papers in the journal. The author(s) can submit their manuscript covering any of the following areas:

 

Accounting, Acoustics, Aerospace engineering, Agriculture, Antarctic Studies, Anthropology, Aquaculture, Archaeology, Area studies, Astronomy, Behavioral Science, Biological Sciences, Biosecurity, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Botany, Building and construction, Business Studies, Chemistry, Communication Studies, Computer Science, Computing, Corporate Governance, Criminology, Cross-cultural Studies, Cultural and ethnic studies, Demography, Development Studies, Divinity, Earth Science, Ecology, Economics, Education, Electronics, Engineering, English, Environmental Science, Ethics, Finance, Family and consumer science, Food, Geography, Gender and sexuality studies, Geology, Health Science, History, Industrial Relations, Information Science, International Relations, Journalism, Law, Library Science, Life sciences, Linguistics, Literature, Logic, Management Science, Marine biology, Materials Science, Mathematics, Medicine, Media Studies, Methodology, Microbiology, Military sciences, Paralegal, Performing arts (music, theatre & dance), Philosophy, Physics, Political, Population Studies, Psychology, Public Administration, Religious Studies, General science, Sociology, Social Welfare, Soil Science, Space science, Standards, Statistics, Systems science, Veterinary science and Zoology.

 

SJASS also publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes, and book reviews. Authors are advised to follow the Author Guidelines in preparing the manuscript before submission. Submissions to Scottish Journal of Arts and Scientific Studies (SJASS) should be made online, the online submission and peer review system is: Online Submission

 

Paper Review Process: Author(s) will receive an acknowledgement of receipt of the manuscript. After an initial review by the editors, those manuscripts that meet specifications will be sent to reviewers. Authors are also notified if manuscripts are judged not to be appropriate for review. Manuscripts are subject to review by members of the professional journal committee, editorial reviewers, and the editor.
Note: There is no submission fee.


(posted 06/19/2013)

Call for Papers: Environmental Justice – Special Issue on Environmental Justice and the Green Economy

Abstract Submission Deadline: July 25, 2013

Article Submission Deadline: October 1, 2013

ejandgreeneconomy@gmail.com


The ongoing global economic crisis threatens to increase pressures on local environments, with greater impact suffered by vulnerable communities. Expanded resource extraction and the resulting chemical exposures are justified as the best means of creating jobs and restoring economic growth. And yet often the economic strategies chosen by national governments since the Great Recession have either not led to the economic growth promised, or growth has been largely concentrated at the top of the income/wealth spectrum, increasing inequality. The result is increased social fragmentation and pressure to accept environmental degradation in order to produce employment for struggling communities.

These failures have given rise to arguments for a wholesale industrial transition to a green, low-carbon economy to spur new investment, innovation, and job growth that are compatible with climate stabilization and a sustainable environmental footprint.

Key goals of the green economy include decoupling economic growth from resource extraction, technology-driven resource efficiency with social equity, and the reconciliation of long-term economic growth with the preservation of ecological goods and services. Others argue for a “green Keynesian” formula to stabilize the global economy and restore macroeconomic growth.

Societies continue to rely on economic growth as a panacea for issues such as unemployment, inequality, immigration, and environmental degradation. Meanwhile, our continued reliance on economic growth to enhance quality of life remains unexamined. This has led a group of scholars to advocate for “degrowth,” a shift to open local economies with a reduction in production and consumption characterized by an increase in quality of life, more equitable distribution of resources, and preservation of the environment. This new economic model directly challenges both Keynesian and neoliberal economic growth paradigms, each reliant n economic expansion fueled by access to cheap energy and increasing economies of scale led by corporations. The Keynesian and Neoliberal paradigms differ with to the role of government, whereas the former seeks to utilize government to increase production and consumer demand, the former would focus government activity on ensuring an environment suitable to increased investment, including making sure that increasing amounts of capital are concentrated within the hands of a few. Each pursue their own growth strategy at the expense of quality of life and environmental health, although perhaps not identically.

Outside of the Degrowth academic discussions, there is little engagement among the general policy community or social and racial justice advocates as to the value, and implications of the perspective. Yet, two converging realities threaten the future of economic growth and our reliance on it to ensure social and racial justice.  First, there is the likelihood that long-term growth is on the terminal decline due not to environmental, but economic, demographic, and institutional factors (Gordon 2012). Second and more common to the Degrowth discussion is the recognition of the physical and ecological limits to growth (Daly 1996; Heinberg 2011). Central to the debate over the ecological limits to growth is the need to reduce fossil fuel use by 80% by 2050 and ramp up renewable energy sources to stem climate change. Economic growth is directly dependent upon energy (Tverberg 2012; Ayers and Warr 2009). If we successfully reduced energy use, what would this mean for GDP? What would it mean for racial and environmental justice strategies that are reliant on GDP growth for their fulfillment? If the Keynesian social contract depends on fossil fuel–driven economic growth, how will a Green Keynesianism be financed, given projections of weak economic growth? Is Green Keynesianism possible in a postcarbon, postgrowth context? In the past, large scale industrial transitions have typically led to reduction of labor intensity in the primary sectors of production, how will green economic transitions impact labor markets high-growth sectors? If workers are shed from high growth sectors, where will jobs be created to absorb the newly released pools of labor?

Central to the environmental justice (EJ) movement is the analysis of persistent environmental racism and the denial of environmental protection and sustainable development options to communities of color. The EJ movement since its inception has advocated for a transition to a more sustainable industrial economy. EJ communities have a unique perspective to bring to discussions about industrial transitioning and greening, yet most EJ organizations and leaders remain on the margins of debates about transitioning to a green economy. Key concerns for EJ groups are equitable distribution of ownership of the economy and its technology, intellectual property and institutions, as well as of public investments in green infrastructures (Rimmer 2012; ETC Group 2011, ACE 2010).

The EJ movement’s framing of racial discrimination and justice issues grew out of its origins in the civil rights movement, a period dominate by Keynesian economics. Thus civil rights leaders assumed that macroeconomic growth would create space for workers of color in the industrial economy. To what extent is this framing of racial justice within macroeconomic growth policies still valid with respect to today’s environmental crisis and threat of long-term economic decline?

This special issue addresses the challenge of outlining an environmental justice agenda for the transition to a green economy. This issue asks EJ researchers and activists to consider how EJ might function as a political strategy in a degrowth society. It aims to explore how industrial economies produce social and environmental inequities and what real solutions can be implemented. Given previous trends of rapid job creation during build-out with eventual shedding of the primary work force once a new economic regime reaches maturity, how reliable are estimates and promises of job creation and growth under green-economy regimes? What role can and should EJ groups play in ensuring long-term sustainable livelihood opportunities in communities of color?

Most importantly, this special issue seeks to fill a gap in EJ research by questioning the ways in which fulfillment of racial and environmental justice claims has relied on increasing resource extraction, material consumption, and economic growth. If the transition to a green economy implies a decoupling of the economy from growth in material and natural resource throughput, what impact will this have on racial and environmental justice? How might we have to change our conceptions and strategies for achieving justice in the context of climate change and ecologically constrained economies?

Suitable topics for this issue include but are not limited to:

  • Defining the green economy, efficient growth vs. degrowth perspectives, and consequences of and opportunities for EJ.
  • Renewable energy: Distributed vs. utility-scale energy systems and the role of energy in creating a just economy.
  • Black farmers, land tenure, and sustainable agriculture as an EJ issue.
  • The role of macroeconomic policies, financial networks, investment, and intellectual property rules for ensuring community of color ownership of and access to the green economy.
  • Environmental and racial justice beyond economic growth: fulfilling justice claims in a postmaterial and postcarbon world.
  • Green transition and the crowded labor market: addressing racial discrimination, jobs, and skills development in communities of color.
  • Green transition and minority-owned firms: knowledge management and transfer for accessing technological innovation and enhancing institutional capacity.
  • The financing of investments in backbone infrastructure and the provision of public goods in communities of color.

Instructions for Authors  

Environmental Justice is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal that provides a central forum for the research, debate, and discussion of the equitable treatment and involvement of all people, especially minority and low-income populations, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.  The Journal explores the adverse and disparate environmental burden impacting marginalized populations and communities all over the world. The Journal draws upon the expertise and perspectives of all parties involved in environmental justice struggles: communities, industry, academia, government, and nonprofit organizations.

Submission of Manuscripts

A cover letter should accompany the manuscript and indicate that the work has not previously been published, is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that all authors have read and agree with the contents of the submission, and that all authors have contributed substantially to the work. 

Send abstracts and manuscripts to Khalil Shahyd and Keisha-Khan Y. Perry, ejandgreeneconomy@gmail.com


Preparation of Manuscript

Manuscripts should be no longer than 3,000 words, exclusive of tables and figures.
Manuscripts should have the following sections in order:

• Title page: Include 1) the complete title of the paper; 2) all authors’ full names (including first names), complete mailing addresses and contact information (telephone, fax, and e-mail address), and affiliations of each author; 3) a brief running (short) title; and 4) the corresponding author’s complete contact information including full mailing and e-mail addresses.

• Abstract: 250 words or less, without the use of subheadings. References are not permitted in the abstract.
• Introduction: Summarize the topic and its significance. 
• Discussion. 
• Conclusions.
• Acknowledgments (if any).
• Author Disclosure Statement: All authors are expected to disclose any institutional or commercial affiliations that might pose a conflict of interest regarding the publication of a manuscript. Institutional affiliations, as indicated on the title page, should include all corporate affiliations and any funding sources that support the work. Other types of affiliation, including consultantships, honoraria, stock ownership, equity interests, arrangements regarding patents, or other vested interests should be disclosed in the in the author disclosure section. It is important that all conflicts of interest, whether they are actual or potential, be disclosed. If there are no disclosures, please state, “The authors have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.”

• References.