Adele Clark "Modernity, Postmodernity & reproductive Processes ca. 1890-1990" In The Cyborg Handbook; edited by Chris Hables Gray, Heidi Figueroa-Sarriera, and Steven Mentor; New York: Routledge, 1995 (pp. 139-56) In this article, Clark analyzes the development of social technologies and reproductive practices from the modern era through the postmodern. She forges an absolute dichotomy between the modern and postmodern, charting their differences in the form of a table. Within this structure, Clark proposes that the Fordist production practices characteristic of the modern era developed synchronously with social technologies of 'control over' bodies. In contrast, the flexible production and heightened individualism of the postmodern era have tailored reproduction in a political technology of 'transformation': the 're/de/sign and transformation of reproductive bodies.' In such a way, Clark defines an historical and epistemological rupture in the technologies and practices of reproduction, outlining broad evidence from economics, social relations, and scientific practices. In her effort to maintain this dichotomy, however, Clark focuses on the upper-middle class 'boutique medicines' (plastic surgery, birth control, and infertility research). While she is clearly aware of socioeconomic class difference, her failure to engage other classes and political technologies leaves the essay with universalizing undertones and hints of a romanticized notion of heterogeneity. L.E. Fazen