Manfred E. Clynes
"Cyborg II, Sentic Space Travel"


In The Cyborg Handbook; edited by Chris Hables Gray, Heidi Figueroa-Sarriera, and Steven Mentor; New York: Routledge, 1995 (pp. 35-43)


A decade after the seminal "Cyborgs and Space" article, The Journal of Astronautics requested Manfred Clynes' insight for a supplementary article on cyborgs. Relying on the same evolutionary metaphors as his original cyborg essay, Clynes' article proposes Taylorist methods for improving and regimenting the psychological health of astronauts. The paper is reflective of Clynes' research in the late 60's under the scope of 'emotional communication,' a field of study he termed 'Sentics.' In addition to qualifying emotional states within a scientific methodology, Clynes' research provided a loose taxonomy of emotional content and a distilled the definition for the 'normal human.' This psychological homeostasis, of course, is much more difficult to document. Clynes' rather abstract reasoning, invocation of 'elves' and references to 'fairies' seemed to cater to his own taste rather than the pragmatic editors of The Journal of Astronautics. They refused to publish the paper.


L.E. Fazen