Joseph Dumit "Brain-Mind Machines and American Technological Dream Marketing" In The Cyborg Handbook; edited by Chris Hables Gray, Heidi Figueroa-Sarriera, and Steven Mentor; New York: Routledge, 1995 (pp. 347-62) In this essay, Joseph Dumit examines the popularization of technological enhancement from an anthropological standpoint. He provides a brief history of Brain-Machine Interfaces dating to early 20th century psychophysics experiments that attempted to map the human unconscious. This account also highlights Manfred Clyne's associate, Jose Delgado, who experimented with cerebral implantation in the 1950's. In this analysis, Dumit displays the overlap between interwar military research programs, technophilic media, and social desires: "we are all afflicted by the desire for technological enhancement, understanding our bodies as somewhat deficient cyborgs." Dumit also provides a cultural analysis of popular EEG machines (as popularized in such works as Michael Hutchinson's 1986 book Megabrain), flotation tanks, brain-mind machines, self-improvement centers, and their respective advertisements. Most interestingly, he relates these popular EEG machines to their socioeconomic condition of possibility: an audience of "monetarily self-sufficient but unsatisfied and unrealized" individuals. In this way, Dumit demonstrates the confluence between the EEG machine, consumptive capitalism, and bourgeois ideals of self-sufficiency and individualism. L.E. Fazen