Edwin G. Johnsen and William R. Corliss "Teleoperators and Human Augmentation"; Washington, D.C., 1967 In The Cyborg Handbook; edited by Chris Hables Gray, Heidi Figueroa-Sarriera, and Steven Mentor; New York: Routledge, 1995 (pp. 83-92) This NASA report provides a historical background for the 'intimate man-machine partnership' which has aided in 'large-scale' human exploration of space. Johnsen and Corliss define the 'teleoperator' as a human-machine control loop with four subsystems (actuator, sensor, control, and communications): "where man's bodily dexterity is shown communicated across a barrier to mechanical actuators... A teleoperator augments a normal man" (p. 84). Johnsen and Corliss review various historical inventions, ranging from the 'Telepuppet' (Fred L. Whipple), 'Telechirics' (John W. Clark at the Battelle Memorial Institute), 'Telefactor' (William E. Bradley at the Institute for Defense Analysis), 'CAM' or cybernetic anthropomorphic mechanism (Ralph S. Mosher), and Master-Slave (Ray C. Goertz at Argonne National Laboratory). They further provide a history of the 'automaton,' delineating its various constructions in the form of a timeline from Jaquet-Droz's automaton and George Moore's 'steam man' of 1890 up to 20th century engineering. Perhaps most interestingly, the NASA research on human amplification is thoroughly intertwined and composed with imperialist tropes of expansion and dominance. L.E. Fazen