PhD Theses in Portuguese Universities (2010-2018)

Prepared by the editors of e-JPH with the assistance of Elsa Lorga Vila (Graduate of University of Evora; Master’s Degree in History-Nova University of Lisbon)

ALMEIDA, Antonia Rosa de, Education and history: Representations of the nineteenth century in Francisca Senhorinha, PhD in Education Sciences: History of Education submitted to the School of Human and Social Sciences of the Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, supervised by João Bartolomeu Rodrigues and Luciana Cabral, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10348/8129)

Keywords: Rights; Society; Education; Freedom; Work; Progress; Social struggles

Abstract: The representation of women in the social scene is characterized by the struggles to guarantee their space and the right to live in society and to commune with the nation the productivity of their work to correspond in the sphere of cultural, economic, political and social growth of the environment in which lives. Therefore, this research aims to seek in the nineteenth century the social context in which women lived in the city of Campanha, in Minas Gerais, Brazil so that through their participation potentiate the spheres of education in history. The general aspect of education seeks to find agents that determine conduct important and positive increases in the individual culture of relationships, working as a fundamental axis, assisting in the reaization of ideas and questions that affect the whole process of knowledge, progress, work and freedom. Social change through education led to the woman in the interaction between professional qualification and the need to achieve in a democratic context. Therefore, educational transitions are examined and discussed as also approach the current concepts, depicting the social progress of a joint education aiming to work, freedom of expression and especially the country’s progress, in the recognition of differences these are found in dimensions of justice. This research views the social problems, integrating the concept of education and citizenship, in order to put yourself in the other and in the process of reconstruction of history, to combat inequality with responsibility. The great complexity leading social factors allows in a reflection on the theoretical points of the evolution of knowledge for disclosure of the factors proving hypotheses and meet cultural production, focusing on the question of the subject, freedom, work and progress. Francisca Senhorinha, a teacher from the city of Campaign, who fought for education and for social causes in favor of the rights of the citizen, expresses her burden of feeling before the existence of the things of the world and stands in the unfolding of social struggles in favor of the emancipation of women and their insertion in society. Francisca Senhorinha recreates a new language in the ways of education and positions herself in a questioning of women's rights, in which her voice is entirely significant for the effectiveness of social struggles in favor of women and the disadvantaged. The nineteenth century, in the period from 1873 to 1889, responds to external stimuli that are essentially a more prominent view of reality whose social struggles have been rigorously manifested, characterized in a harmony between freedom and progress of the nation. Before the radical questioning of reality, the nature of construction for the empowerment of women and their integration in society, XIX century manifests itself in many facets according to the positioning of people to add value on personal and professional fulfillment. Trends XIX century, whose tonic materializes the causes of education, with the significant order freedom, work and progress, coalesces on traditions, in perfect relationship with reality and approach each by the human conscience for the communion of the universal right. In this sense, this research approaches the paths of education in Minas Gerais, in the city of Campaign, which intensifies women's struggle for their rights.

ALMEIDA, Cármen Dolores Avó Baião Ferreira de, The Dissemination of Photography in Portugal, 18th Century: Protagonists, Pratices and Knowledge Circulation Networks, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Maria de Fátima Nunes, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21269)

Keywords: Center; Dissemination of knowledge; Communication; Scientific culture; Photography; History of science; Laboratory; Periphery; Popularization of science; Knowledge networks

Abstract: While a movement for the renewal of the History and Philosophy of Science began in the early 1970s, the historiography of photography abandoned the traditional approach inspired by the canons of art history (based on Newall Beaumont's model), a collection of works having appeared whose authors are now not the scientists of the 19th century, the pioneers of the historiography of photography, or curators, art critics or photographers from the 1940s to the 1970s, but historians, philosophers and a small number of few sociologists, while the reassumption of the scientific and technical nature of photography is patent, as well as a certain abandonment of discourses on its artistic aspect and also those contained in semiotic works, in the discourse of the document, of the reproduction of "what was”. At the same time, during the past decade, increasing importance has been given to the spread and popularization of science and technology, both in centers of importance and regions of peripheral importance in Europe, as well as case studies, which in historiographic terms, increase our understanding of the "peculiarities" of these aspects in countries which hitherto have had little importance as far as the production of scientific literature is concerned. The appearance of these studies in countries or regions of peripheral importance as compared with traditional centers of learning, allow for the in-depth study of the training and dissemination of interpretative frameworks that determined photographic use and practice in a wide range of social, economic and geographical contexts, and could pave the way for the entry of photography and photographers to the field of the history of scientific culture and scientific dissemination. It is within this framework that we seek to investigate the dissemination, development and popularization of photographic practice in Portugal and, in particular, the Alentejo region: a small peripheral region, located in a country with a profile of peripheral importance, throughout the 19th century. We seek to adopt a transversal approach focused on three levels of analysis: the influence of a radiating center of new discovery (particularly France and Britain); Portugal, with emphasis on the great occasions and figures of 19th-century national photographic history; and the Alentejo.

ALVES, Daniel Ribeiro, Republic behind the Counter. Shopkeepers of Lisbon in the final phase of the Monarchy (1870-1910), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Luís Nuno Espinha da Silveira, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/4658)

Keywords: History; Lower-middle-class; Petty bourgeoisie; Shopkeepers; Republicanism; Lisbon; 19th century; 20th century

Abstract: About the petty bourgeoisie in contemporary Portugal there isn’t an overall research work that serves as a pivot to the emergence of more advanced work, or even a series of articles that encourage a line of research to shed some light on this sector of society and on its economic and political role in the last two centuries. For the period covered by this text, this relative scarcity is particularly strange, if one takes into account what some authors refer to have been the role, for example, of shopkeepers in the social and political conjuncture of the final period of the monarchy. However, in most cases, these references are vague and restricted to the mere indication that retailers were a social group where Republicans had ensured a good representation. Despite these testimonies of what has been the involvement of shopkeepers in the republican movement, little is said about why, how and when the link between small business and republicanism took place. Through a detailed analysis of the development of small businesses in Lisbon, about the political and social discourse of the shopkeepers, their class interests, their electoral participation and their relationship with politicians in the final phase of the monarchy, this work is intended to point out one possible path for those explanations. A path to the Republic that was not predetermined, that could even have been another, substantially different, that started shaping up in the early 1890s and that was already crystallized in the first decade of the twentieth century.

AMADO, Maria do Castelo Teixeira Malta Romeiras da Costa, Hide and seek: Normality issues and global discourses on blind school modern projects (late 18th-19th centuries), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8140)

Keywords: Blindness; Normation; Modernity; Self-government; School

Abstract: The present work intends to redirect and reposition several questions related to the birth of schools conceived for the blind, which happened simultaneously in several locations of the modern western world. This very same event may also by related with the global tendency for the school to become an institutional process of taxonomical classification and establishment of a self-control economy over the citizens being taught and socially captured, as well as with the discourses of desire of those same citizens, concerning their own integration in a space of individual power determination and development. By working with documents from three different case studies, coming from diverse political, geographical and social situations (the Institut National des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris, the Royal National Institute for the Blind in the United Kingdom and the Istituto per I Poveri Ciechi in Milan, I was able to find patterns in diversity. This empiric enrichment led me, on the footsteps of Deleuze, Derrida and Foucault, to rethink the attainability of body normalization through the normation of pedagogic and social discourses. Likewise, my question ponders the identification of common possibilities between different movements of institutional teaching, oriented for bodies with diversified sensorial input perception, paving parallel paths towards a same citizenship model. At the same time, it also awakes me to the leading of those bodies onto a provocative desire to be equal, turning each person into a participant of both a personal disciplinary web and also a labyrinth of indetermination, as powerful as self-knowledge exclusion itself.

ANDRADE, Joel Carlos de Souza, In demand of Sebastianism in Portugal and in Brazil: a comparative study (19th-20th centuries), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando José de Almeida Catroga, 2015 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/26814)

Keywords: Sebastianism; Portugal; Brazil; Comparative study

Abstract: This study aims to compare the manifestations of Sebastianism in Portugal and in Brazil, on the 19th and 20th centuries. It is true that they are prior to these periods in their more gullible strands, facet in which the spread of founding texts, particularly in Trovas de Bandarra, was being assimilated by popular classes that, in a more orthodox or heterodox way, lived, individually or as sects, the denial of the death of D. Sebastian in Alcácer-Quibir, in 1578, in the expectation of his inevitable return. We also wanted to highlight the common background to Portugal and Brazil from the point of departure of the phenomenon. However, it was our intention to highlight this difference: while in Brazil its "religious" and popular dimension, especially in certain poor and more isolated regions, continued over the course of the 19th century. In the metropolis, the critical distance was accompanied by the extinction of various incarnations of "D. Sebastian", which, sooner than in Brazil, has transformed it into myth, whose meaning will have to be read in light of the issues of the time: the definition of national identities and their understanding as communities of destiny. In this sense, the effort of this quest was to analyse and describe the object in a comparative perspective, in order to detect their contiguities and their differences in Portugal and in Brazil. Challenge that led us to explore a methodology that would be able to reveal the discursive sedimentation of the Sebastic plot in its different legitimated repertoires. With it, we avoided the ambition of making "the history of Sebastianism", or to explain its "origin", or to see the Brazilian experience as a mere "appendix" of the Portuguese, or, even, of diluting it in the debate about the so-called "Portuguese-Brazilian culture", where, if we might add, the issue has passed a little way off of scholars. However, it also did not take into account that Sebastianism is heir to a rich range of discourses that, directly or indirectly, broadened the semantics of terms that, in the mythology concerned, have value for themselves, as was the case of words such as "D. Sebastian", "Sebastianists" and "Sebastianism". With this perspective we wanted to prove that, if the myth was judged as an object of curiosity by foreigners, for many Brazilian and Portuguese intellectuals, during the last decades of the 18th century its continuity, even if more mitigated, caused concern, particularly at a time when nations sought in technique and science the engines of progress and emancipation of the people. Moreover, if there were many writings which, then, helped to intellectualise Sebastianism - seeing it, even from a idiosyncratic dimension -, few were those who saw in it substance for reflection, from where they could take important lessons about the identity processes and the historicity of their production and reproduction. It is within this framework that we have privileged the writings of Oliveira Martins, in the case of Portugal, and those of Euclides da Cunha, in relation to Brazil, both fitted with a broad theoretical framework and that took advantage of the possibilities offered by the emergence of new social sciences, particularly those who theorized the various evolutionisms and the risk of its degeneration. From the first, we retook the Sebastic repertoire and applied it a multidisciplinary treatment, in line with a cultural anthropology of the myth and with the concepts of nation and nationality, opposed to the scientific vision of the Positivists. From the second, who dialogued with Oliveira Martins and with the previous Brazilian Sebastic experiences, we reinterpreted its interpretation of the episode of Canudos, in the conflictual stage of the establishment of the Republic in Brazil, in an immense laboratory where Euclides da Cunha aimed to understand the Brazilian nationality, without concealing the positive force of the Sebastic component in the set of some ancient practices still held in the hinterlands of Northern Brazil. From all this it has been confirmed that the Portuguese specificities, soon turned Sebastianism into a cultural myth, whose survival has mitigated itself into an attentiveness own of those who wait, not so much in its action, but the emergence of the impossible, the expected redemption, like a "regressive utopia", of the evils of the homeland. In Brazil, for its part, the Sebastic demonstrations of the eighteen hundreds had a more popular, apocalyptic and sacrificial imprint. However, they also gained an intellectualised nature, turned towards action, and whose permanences are still perceived as one of the more lasting references of Portuguese culture. From where everything that is exposed is not disconnected from the continuing debate on the construction of Brazil as a nation.

ASSIS, José Luís, Military Scientific Journals (1849-1918): Exchanges and Circulation of Technical-Scientific Knowledge, PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Maria de Fátima Nunes and António Pedro Vicente, 2011

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

AUGUSTO, Mónica Sofia Botelho Lima, Municipality: Tarouca 1808-1830, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Tourism Heritage and Culture of the Universidade Portucalense, supervised by Ana Sílvia Albuquerque Nunes, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/11328/600)

Keywords: Tarouca; Ucanha; Várzea da Serra; Municipalism; Local Power; Society

Abstract: From 1808 to 1830, in the beginning of the 19th century, Tarouca, Ucanha and Várzea da Serra were three municipalities which today belong to the municipality of Tarouca. Tarouca was a manorial municpality, belonging to the Earls of Tarouca, donataries of the town, whilst Ucanha and Várzea da Serra were royal municipality. The election system of the town executive of Tarouca, in particular the Aldermen and Attorneys, contrary to what is registered in the majority of the municipalities, does not evolve into a system of election through agenda, but the system of election through “pelouros”. Those chosen to perform the duties of Aldermen and Attorney are also present in other prestigious positions at the local level. The municipalities of Ucanha and Várzea da Serra are similar in what concerns their jurisdiction. Both are regal municipalities, and according to elections, both use clearance agendas and regal nomination. The prominent role in these municipalities belongs to the Informers and the Voters who repeated these functions several times and were able to control the whole electoral process and the actual composition of the senate. In relation to the social and professional level of the holders of town council posts, there is a difference between the municipalities of Ucanha and Várzea da Serra. While in the first occupations related to military structure are predominant, in the latter professions related to the land, especially farmers prevail.

ÁVILA, Leandro Adelino Andrade Cardoso, The National High School of Angra do Heroísmo in the final decades of the Monarchy (1880-1910): the course of an insular lycee institution, PhD in Insular and Atlantic History (15th-20th centuries) submitted to the School of Social Sciences & Humanities of the Universidade dos Açores, supervised by Carlos Alberto da Costa Cordeiro, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4571)

Keywords: Academic Community; High School Instruction; Azores; Amenities; Culture

Abstract: The Luciano de Castro's amendment pursued to grant a new course to the Portuguese high school education, however, it was Jaime Moniz's legislation that teminated the chaotic status of the lyceum education. Nevertheless, the asymmetry between the two lyceums carried on putting them in different categories. In this interconnection, the angrense high school strove for the improvement of this specific category for decades. The intention was to administer the complete lyceum education and several arguments were used in order to legitimate this pretension. In the extent of the archipelago, everything was done so that this concept would take effect and that at the same time it would be a factor of centrality and appreciation of the district itself. In this field, this and other matters acquired political influences. The role of the district authorities, the political parties and the chancellor's prestige were also influent aspects. Besides the gap when it comes to the amenities and the elitist character of the students, the angrense lyceum was yet an important cultural and intelectual centre of the district, impacting and being impacted by it's surroundings. Timewise, the angrense high school reality in the national context was crucial as it can contribute to the holistic enlightenment of the Portuguese high school entity interlocking the particularities of an insular lyceum.

BEATO, Carlos Alberto da Silva, High schools and sciences (1836-1860): A study on the process of creation of the disciplines of physical and natural sciences in Portuguese lyceums, PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Joaquim António de Sousa Pintassilgo, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5486)

Keywords: High School; Science Subjects; Science Teachers; Materials and Lab Equipment; Textbooks

Abstract: This study aims to make the history of science subjects in Portuguese high schools in the period between 1836 and 1860, i.e. the first twenty-five years of their existence. Based primarily on archive material, the work unfolds in three parts dealing respectively with the introduction of the disciplines of physics, chemistry and natural history in high schools, particularly in Lisbon, Porto and Coimbra; the science teachers, their training and procedural processes; and the science classes in high schools, their material conditions and available equipment, textbooks and programs and pedagogies used. It was concluded that the process of introduction of science subjects in high schools was a very controversial process, especially in Lisbon‘s high school, where this occurred only at a later date, nearly at the end of the period considered in this study. Another aspect that is emphasized is that although the methods and procedures varied and with them, also the demand for skills over the study period, all teachers and candidates for the post were the possessors of top-level academic training. The materials provided to equip the laboratories and offices of the science classes did not always meet the teachers needs or wishes, which was a restrictive factor for the programs, which were defined locally, nor did they meet the pedagogical practices. In what textbooks are concerned it was found that most of them were in French, with encyclopedic features, which aside the language barrier, gave each teacher the possibility to design a program according to their preferences.

BELO, Alberto José Grilo, The Chamber of Peers in the Age of the Great Political Reforms (1870-1895), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria de Fátima Bonifácio, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7469)

Keywords: Bicameralism; Upper House; Peerage

Abstract: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the Chamber of Peers and its articulation with the remaining sovereignty organs, namely with the executive branch between 1870 and 1895. A period wherein the political system, in two of its essential pieces - the electoral system and the Chamber of Peers - suffered the deepest reforms since the establishment of constitutional monarchy in 1834. Composed exclusively by members for life and hereditary of royal appointment, the Portuguese Upper House has become an anachronism in the context of European Bicameralism. Therefore, the composition of the Second Chamber was also the main target of criticism. More than its powers and functions is its organizational structure which is more repeatedly called into question. Theoretically, the Chamber of Peers should play a moderating and stabilizing mission of the constitutional monarchy. However, due to its historical genesis, it was sometimes a disturbing factor of regime stability. This unusual protagonism of the Upper House forced the governments to resort to the famous “fornadas”. Even so it was there that sometimes were overturned. This Portuguese originality was not due to the ingratitude of the Portuguese Peerage solely. To some extent such originality was related to the way the Peerage expressed its independence. But it was also a consequence of the fact that governments, at least until the early 1880s, are threatened by an absent majority that only appeared in the Chamber in exceptional circumstances, that is, in the most important votings.

BIGUELINI, Elen, I have been writing a lot: Women who wrote in Portugal (1800-1850), PhD in History: Economies and Societies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Antónia Lopes, 2017

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/79402)

Keywords: Women history; Social cultural history; Women writers; First half of the XIX century; Feminist literary criticism

Abstract: “I’ve been writing a lot and I still have much to write” has professed D. Augusta Franzini in a letter to her father. This phrase could have been uttered or written by many other Portuguese authoresses from the early XIX century. These women were not the first ones to write, but they’ve done so despite male desire to keep them in the house. Their designated place was the home and its private functions. Writing was a deviation of that. Still, many women have put their pens to paper and leaving behind their intimate thoughts and poetic or prose creations. This thesis inserts itself in the area of Women’s History as well as that of Social and Cultural History. It attempts to find women who have written and published in Portugal from 1800 to 1850. Portuguese, Brazilian and French women, as well as an Argentinian, have left their opinions of the world in a great variety of works. Ninety-five names and ten anonyms have been found in Brazilian and Portuguese libraries and archives. Their names are mostly unknown. Some have been completely erased from History despite their rather large volume work since only initials and pseudonyms remain. Others, more accepted by their contemporaries, have been added to the Literary History which allowed some information from their daily lives to have survived. Others still have left little, but enough information, to permit some knowledge of who they were, but not much. Feminist Literary Criticism, specifically Susan Gubar and Sandra Gilbert’s concept of Anxiety of Authorship, allows the understanding of the fear these women have felt of being accepted by their male pears and the general public as well as that of seeming like a bluestaking. These ladies have written in plenty of different styles and formats: from poetry, to romance (both as books and as feuilleton), to newspapers. Through these they have become part of the Portuguese literary culture, slowly finding their space, which would become much greater in the second half of the century. The themes they chose to write about are also part of the focus of this thesis that wishes to comprehend what they wished to say and how they decided to do so. Subjects revolved around the revolved female day-to-day life (maternity, love and marriage) were extremely common. But these writers have also used their texts as critics to Society and its treatment of women, especially in regards to seduction and rape. History, slavery as well as the supernatural are themes that can also be found in the works of women writer from this period, despite not being labelled as feminine. Even though many of their names have disappeared, their work has been read and even defended by some of their male colleagues. Others opposed their talents completely. But still books written by women have been sold and read even across the ocean, where they were accepted and printed even in Brazilian lands. An extensive list of authoresses and their books accompanies this work, that has the principal objective of making these names known to Portuguese history and literature. Be them better or worse books, more or less productive writers; all of them deserve to be remembered by women’s history, by literature and Social and Cultural History since society and cultures are protagonized both by men and women being a product of their lives and desires.

BRANCO, Susana Antas Fernandes Videira, A legal reading of the social question: Contribution to the history of political ideas in contemporary Portugal (1820-1890), PhD in Law: Legal History submitted to the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Pedro Barbas Homem, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/6767)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

CARVALHO, Marcos Antônio, Drinking açai, eating codfish: Profile and practices of Portuguese sociability in Belém do Pará between the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Coelho de Meireles Pereira, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63200)

Keywords: Portuguese immigration; Belem do Pará; Portuguese institutions; Portuguese press in immigration; Portuguese sociability in Pará

Abstract: The peak period of the extraction of rubber in the Amazon would bring economic prosperity to the region, albeit short-lived. Belém do Pará and Manaus live what regional historiography classifies as its belle époque. With the activity of the rubber comes the urbanization of Belem, from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth century. With it also come the changes in the capital of Pará State, concerning material life, the organization of geographic space and the behavior of people who lived in the capital. These changes in behavior and management were caused, among other factors, by the euphoria of the economy of gum elastic and the movement of the port of Belem with the arrival of European immigrants, especially those of Lusitanian origin. The time economic, political and social context of the city of Bethlehem are used to compile the cyclical framework of research of the Portuguese presence in the region. Through the research of immigration legislation located in the Public Archives of Pará and posture presented in the reports of the provincial governments of the period between 1890-1914 can be identified questions that guided the local policy on immigration. Tabulation and analysis of the qualifications issued by the Portuguese Consulate filed at Grêmio Literário e Recreativo Português and present information to build the profile of Portuguese immigrants in Belém do Pará. Experiences and sociability of the Portuguese community are analyzed through its newspapers: O Caixeiro e A Voz do Caixeiro. The memory of the motherland and maintained ties with it are present in the study of the various institutions and associations that have been created in the destination of the Portuguese immigration.

CASSINO, Carmine, Portugal and Italy: Emigration, nation and memory (1800-1832), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos and António Ventura, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23962)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

COELHO, Sérgio Alexandre Soldá da Silva Veludo, The royal arsenals of Lisbon and Oporto: 1800-1814, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Tourism Heritage and Culture of the Universidade Portucalense, supervised by Humberto Baquero Moreno, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/11328/598)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This PhD thesis analyses the Portuguese military industry during the period of the Peninsular War. This industry was mainly composed by two structures - the Army Royal Arsenal in Lisbon and Oporto’s Royal Arsenal. Besides these places, the war supplies was also made by other industries such as the gun powder’s factories, foundries and textiles, according to Army contracts. In this written work, several perspectives are analysed concerning the Portuguese industry in the beginning of the 19th century. Previous studies on this matter are referred to and reasons for the industrial delay in this period are presented, which strongly affected the defence industries in Portugal. Facing serious political and economical conflicts in the beginning of the century, such as the Guerra das Laranjas and the Napolonic Wars that led to the French invasion, the Portuguese military industries were not able to present an effective and efficient answer to the army needs. Therefore, it was England that took the leading role in the reorganisation of the Portuguese Army investing large amounts of money and material. This support was achieved thanks to Sir Arthur Wellesley’s efforts who persuaded both the British and the Portuguese governments and his plan was accordingly followed by William Carr Beresford and Miguel Pereira Forjaz. Despite the Portuguese arsenals’ reorganisation in 1809 (soon after the period of the French domination from 1807 to 1808), these industries were not able to fulfill the basic needs of an army in campaign as far as the infantry light weaponry are concerned. Despite the enormous effort to manufacture large quantities of other materials, which were also important for the logistics, it was necessary to import arms, uniforms and tissues from England. This situation proves us that the Portuguese wool industries which were tremendously affected by the war were recovering very slowly. The arsenals were also facing old manufacture processes and fruitless attemps of new machinery and different mecanization systems. Facing the campaigns from 1807 to 1811, there were not opportunities to create modern and effective national industries because the arsenals were actually a kind of an intermediate warehouse for the large quantities of war material arriving from England which was sent afterwards to the countless units in campaign. Yet, all the people who worked countless hours during endless days in these old factory systems with severe organizational and technical problems, deserve to be remembered after 200 years of the Pensinsular War have passed.

COSTA, Maria Bertolina, «Liberdades Sertanias» in Maranhão. From Portuguese America to Balaiada (1838-1841), PhD in History: Thought and Cultural Practices submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Ana Cristina dos Santos Bartolomeu de Araújo, 2018 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/83606)

Keywords: Maranhão; Balaiada; University of Coimbra; Maranhão intellectuals; Press

Abstract: The University of Coimbra’s influence on the formation of Maranhão’s technical and political elite was critical to sediment the view of the world and society that shaped the tensions between Portugal and colonial Brazil, the people and the elite, submission and insubordination oppression and freedom. Regions like Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Bahia and Pernambuco, witnessed the first turmoil and the effects of the 1820 Revolution that unfolded in Portugal and would continue throughout the 19th century. To the common political vocabulary were added ancient words taking new meanings along with new terms, even though their meaning varied, depending on the events and the actors. A hot debate commences in the Luso-Brazilian world under the motto of liberal ideals and constitutionalism, one fueled by the ever-increasing circulation of leaflets, pamphlets and newspapers issued from Lisbon or printed in Rio de Janeiro and Salvador, only to produce an explosive climate in Maranhão, Pará and Pernambuco. From 1822, Brazil’s status as an independent nation as well as the need for some adjustments to the new political pact were perceived in Maranhão as a source of new opportunities, a moment for liberal ideals to be extolled. Meanwhile, Brazil was witnessing the emergence of contradictions within the broad constitutional spectrum. Confronted with arbitrary and despotic initiatives taken by the Portuguese liberals, the Brazilian political elite managed to join the growing animosity against the royal Courts, despite ideological differences among its groups; in their turn, the Courts interpreted such manifestations as a sign of opposition to the liberal ideology. As far as the elite of Maranhão is specifically concerned, constitutionalism would later evolve to become secessionism. The political emancipation of Brazil (1822) brought to light some different manners of combining tradition and political modernity in a unique way, which resulted in various projects and political activities shaped by the underlying opposition between the different social groups, and reflecting the different economic, political and racial interests. Newspapers became the vehicle whereby Maranhão’s Coimbra graduates launched discussion of ideas, criticism and complaints, in the context of the power struggle going on between liberals («Bem-ti-vis») and the conservatives («Cabanos») that resulted in the Balaiada upheaval. The political discourse emerging from these social outcasts combined a strong social content with the protests and the clichés typically used in liberal speech, and all of this was used in the Manifestos and revolutionary proclamations, like the 1824 “Revolução Pernambucana” and the 1831 “Setembrada” in Maranhão. These were, therefore, the polarities that shaped the clashes in the historical process of the rebel movement in the Brazilian province of Maranhão, known as «Balaiada” (1838-1841).

COSTA, Patrícia Carla Rodrigues Mota da, Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy and Art of Mines in Industrial Education in the City of Oporto (1864-1974), PhD in Geology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Pedro M. Callapez and Helder I. Chaminé, 2014 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23768)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The dissertation presented concerns the teaching areas of Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy and Mining at Instituto Industrial do Porto since 1864 to 1974 within all its aspects: courses, teachers, subjects (theoretical and practical classes) and museological collections. This investigation intends to analyze the development of these areas of study at Escola do Porto and its eventual contribute to the scientific and technological progress in fields applied to industry, including the extractive and the transformation of raw material of geological origin. The industrial teaching in Portugal has been going through several structural and programs changes which accompanied consecutive policies decreed by central administration but also the scientific and technological progresses that have been registered in this area over more than 160 years. After a shy arise of industrial development and practical and applied teaching, promoted by the reformist vision of Marquês de Pombal, a key figure of central administration between 1750 and 1777, the leaders of the first half of the XIX century were not capable of continuing his effort effectively. Therefore, the country by mid-eight hundreds did not have a modern industry working at full speed and qualified workers. The consecutive periods of conflict and political instability also contributed for this fact. With the creation of the Ministério das Obras Públicas, Comércio e Indústria on 30 August 1852, within the Regeneration, a new period of significant development of national economy began having as a major participant the minister Fontes Pereira de Melo. Previously, with the reforms that followed the definitive advent of Liberalism, there had also been created some schools directed for professional training but it was only at the end of 1852 that occurred the real start of industrial teaching in Portugal. The leaders of Associação Industrial Portuense had a great knowledge of the national industrial reality, and mainly of Porto city, so they anticipated the government and created their own industrial school called Escola Industrial Portuense in November 1852. Nevertheless, the state intervention did not take long and the industrial teaching became official with the Decree-Law of 30 December 1852, through which it were created the Instituto Industrial de Lisboa and Escola Industrial do Porto. The first global reform of the industrial teaching, in 1864, settled an important turnover at this instruction level. Porto School was named Instituto Industrial, as well as the Lisbon School, having been introduced new areas of study in the curricula (subjects of Mineralogy, Geology, Metallurgy and Mining), new courses (Mining Conductors, processed in three years, 1st class, and four years, 2nd class) and auxiliary facilities for teaching (laboratories and cabinets). The students training started to be composed by a theoretical field complemented by another of practical and experimental framework. Within the period being studied there were several teachers responsible for these subjects. We distinguish António Luís Ferreira Girão, Manuel Rodrigues Miranda Júnior, José Diogo Arroyo, Roberto Bellarmino do Rosário Frias, Celestino Maia and Artur Mendes da Costa as some of the most important leadership of these areas at School during the period under analysis. The subjects suffered several reforms and changes according to the development of the industrial teaching and the contemporary needs of industry. Obviously, these factors influenced the syllabus contents of these subjects, changing also their names through the ages. At the beginning the area subjects only contemplated Mines, Docimasy and Metallurgy. With the 1886 reform there were introduced contents of Mineralogy and Geology in the course plans, maintaining a separated path until 1974. The recommended manuals were also a reference source to understand the adopted theories and the influence of the French school and its translations. Practice was associated to the cabinets and laboratories were experiments were performed and other works, not forgetting the field visits with the aim of making the students became aware of the epoch industrial reality. The first auxiliary teaching facility created for these areas was the Mineralogy Cabinet, following the Mines Art Cabinet, the Metallurgical Laboratory and the Natural History Cabinet. For a more efficient learning the practice was performed based on specimens, models, instruments, parietal tables and maps, acquired mainly abroad, in specialized shops worldwide recognized such as Les Fils d’Émile Deyrolle (Paris), F. Krantz (Bona), Theodor Gerdorf (Freiberg) or J. Digeon (Paris), allowing to draw the history of learning of Geological Sciences, Mining Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering and associated to the history of industrial teaching in Portugal. In short, the presence of this kind of collections shows an advance scientific knowledge and a share of ideas and technics which allowed a country like Portugal to develop the industrial teaching having as a reference the nations more technological developed such as England, France or Germany. The creation of the industrial teaching in Portugal established therefore an important step on the development of the country, at a time in which the industry and the communication means were fully growing and, with a higher traveling facility, the share of knowledge was becoming inevitable. Therefore, and with over more than 160 years of history, the Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto and its several collections (museological, documental and bibliographic) are an inevitable reference for the comprehension of the development of teaching in Porto city and in Portugal.

COUTINHO, Lourenço Nobre da Veiga Pereira, The King in the “Regeneração” period: Constitutional powers and political practice (1852-1885), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Faculty of Human Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by José Miguel Pereira Alcobio Palma Sardica, 2018

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The doctorate thesis titled “O Rei na Regeneração: Poderes constitucionais e prática politica (1852-1885)” (The King in the “Regeneração” period: Constitutional powers and political practice: 1852-1885) is aimed at identifying and understanding the role assigned to and played by the constitutional Kings during the historic period of the “Regeneração”, that is, from 1852, the year of the Additional Act which translated the goals of the political movement borne out of the field marshall Duke of Saldanha's pronunciamento (military declaration, 1851), up until 1885, the year of approval of the Additional Act that limited the responsibilities of the moderating power and laid down the conditions to foster the rotating alternation of two major governing parties: the “Regenerador” and the “Progressista” (Regenerator and Progressive parties). The dissertation is divided into two main parts. Part I focuses on the evolving theories about the royal powers since the old regime until the liberal era, and looks into how the three monarchic constitutions dealt with those powers. In its turn, Part II consists of an interpretative analysis of the major political events that took place during the reigns included in said chronological period, mostly those in which the King made use of the important prerogatives entrusted to the moderating power. Finally, the author seeks to respond to the questions that guided the thesis itself: What was the King's role during the time of the liberal regeneration? Did the King stand as a factor of political stability or of political instability during the period under analysis? Overall, the conclusion is that the King, while never forgoing the wide-ranging powers conferred upon him by the Constitutional Charter, exercised a wise and sensible interpretation of the same and, during a political period lacking other strong constitutional references, stood as the guarantor of institutional balance and political stability.

COUVANEIRO, João Luís Serrenho Frazão, The Higher School of Letters (1861-1911): in the beginnings of Human Sciences in Portugal, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7500)

Keywords: Higher Education; Humanities; Social Sciences; Academic Prosopography

Abstract: Opened in 1861, the Higher School of Letters was the first establishment in Portugal that specifically targeted the higher education in History, Philosophy and Literary Studies. The consolidation process of this institution was slow, but its legacy was indelible and persisted well beyond 1911, when the Faculty of Letters of the Universidade de Lisboa was created, which was its continuer, more than its heir. The focus of this dissertation is to systematize the characteristics, the curricular structures and the pedagogical tendencies of the Higher School of Letters, relating them to the cultural, social, political and economical contexts that determined them. The Higher School of Letters had the responsibility to prepare the young students for University, and to train teachers for the secondary schools and candidates for public administration. Thus, it assumed a dual function, joining the scientific and professional education. I tried to understand to which extent the institution fulfilled its goals and contributed to the improvement of the education system and to the training of qualified personnel. The professors and the students of the Higher School of Letters that could be counted among the illustrious Portuguese names of Science, Literature and Politics were numerous. They were relevant in their era and influenced the subsequent generations. Socially characterising the student population and outlining the social functions this institution had, with this research I also tried to focus on the relationship between the higher education of the Humanities and Social Sciences and the formation of the Elites, the consolidation of the liberal State, and the construction of the identity.

CRIVELENTE, Maria Amélia Assis Alves, A Place for Valentim: “... in the states of Brazil”. Portuguese emigration and social mobility in the Mato Grosso mines - 18th and 19th centuries. A case study, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Alves, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/73523)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

CRUZ, Ana Inês Vizeu Pinto da, History of Forensic Psychiatry in Portugal (1884-1926): the consistent originality of Júlio de Matos, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Ana Leonor Pereira and João Rui Pita, 2017 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/32145)

Keywords: Forensic Psychiatry; Mental alienation; Defence of insanity; Júlio de Matos; Portugal; 19th Century; 20th Century

Abstract: This thesis aims to analyze Forensic Psychiatry in Portugal in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, specifically between 1884 and 1926. In order to achieve this goal, we evaluated the reception of the foreign forensic psychiatric science in our country; defended the uniqueness of the Portuguese case, particularly through the protagonism of Júlio de Matos; studied, in the considered chronological period, case studies of the use of “defence of insanity” in some of the aforementioned author’s works, as well as in the Archives of University of Coimbra, the Institutes of Legal Medicine of Coimbra and Lisbon, and Torre do Tombo. This work is divided into two parts. In the first part we contextualized the International History of Forensic Psychiatry, especially with regard to Europe, investigating its reception in Portugal, mainly through the originality of Júlio de Matos. We also studied the issue of psychiatric care legislation and regulations, promulgated between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century in our country, which decreed the measures to be taken as to the destiny of insane criminals. In this context, we sought to understand the utopian dimension of such legislation which, despite the changes brought by the establishment of the Republic, kept presenting a great inconsistency between what was written and what was practiced. In the second part, we studied, in general, the cases of the use of “defence of insanity” examined by the Coimbra’s Medico Legal Council, between 1900 and 1926, which were researched at the Archives of University of Coimbra and the Institute of Legal Medicine of Coimbra. Among them, we selected five for an in depth analysis, preserving however, the identity of such individuals, by using the initial letters of their names. Furthermore, we also investigated three relevant case studies that figured prominently in the media at the time: Rodrigo de Barros Teixeira dos Reis, who murdered Sousa Refoios in 1905 (this case was complemented with the files that we found at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Coimbra), Lieutenant Aparicio Rebelo dos Santos, who killed Miguel Bombarda in 1910 (case complemented with the files researched at the Institute of Legal Medicine of Lisbon and the information gathered in the Archive of Torre do Tombo); José Julio da Costa, the murder Sidónio Pais in 1918 (case complemented with information found at the Archive of Torre do Tombo).

CRUZ, Isabel Maria Neves da, From the Practice of Chemistry to Practical Chemistry: development of the practice of chemistry in the Portuguese curricula (1852-1889), PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Mariana de Jesus Valente and Ana Luísa Janeira, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/17568)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Since practice is “the act or effect of practising”, “application”, “execution” it is understood as practice of chemistry, the act of practicing, applicating or executing Chemistry. In Portugal, there were signs that in several scientific educational institutions, they tried to follow the teaching model oriented to the lab which was created by Liebig, when in 1872, the chemist António Augusto de Aguiar (1838 - 1887) funded, in the Industrial and Commercial Institute of Lisbon, the teaching of Practical Chemistry, act which was without precedents in this country. This study, intends to clarify the concept of Practical Chemistry, based on the example of the Course created by António Augusto de Aguiar and through this concept, understand and interpret the development of the Chemistry practice in the Portuguese curricula from 1852 to 1889.

DAMAS, Carlos Alberto de Oliveira, The Baron of Rendufe and nineteenth century liberalism: the politician and the diplomat, 1820-1848, PhD in History submitted to the History, Arts and Humanities Department of the Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, supervised by José Maria Amado Mendes and Luís José Rodrigues Leitão Tomé, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/11144/2986)

Keywords: XIX century; Liberalism; Diplomacy; International Relations; Biographic History; Prussia; Spain; France

Abstract: This PhD. thesis focuses on the historical biography of Simão da Silva Ferraz de Lima e Castro (1795-1857) who, from 1821 to 1841, held in Lisbon the positions of Corregidor, Intendant of the Police, Deputy and Senator and, between 1842 and 1848, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Portugal in Berlin, Madrid and Paris. This biographical history contextualizes and problematizes the individual activity of a State agent, exercised in a transition from the absolutist to the constitutionalist regime, identifying the crucial role of their actions and relate them with political, economic and geographical strategies of Portugal. In the reconstitution of his career is scrutinized his view of the world to understand what role he played in the political element of the time. Following an analysis proper to highlight the more significant facts emerging from the intersection of the Foreign Affairs archives of Prussia, Spain and Portugal, accompanied by the study of the political system and characters that inhabit the phenomena, contextualizing the facts to quest the regularities trend detected in the missions. Placed in the context of the most relevant events to understand of the social and political process, developed in contexts that are determined or influenced by the political, economic, social, cultural and financial, national and international ones, the results of the research allow to conclude on the importance of the study of the individual activities that, analysed in a micro history perspective, can contribute to a more concrete vision of historical events of the first half of the XIX century.

DORES, Hugo Gonçalves, A Mission for the Empire: Missionary Politics and the “New Imperialism” (1885-1926), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Costa Pinto, Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo and António Manuel Antunes de Matos Ferreira, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15606)

Keywords: Portugal; Africa; Mission; Colonial empire; Missionary policy; Concordat; Protestantism; Portuguese Republic; Holy See; International Law

Abstract: This study intends to understand the historical process of the constitution of a missionary policy in the Portuguese colonial empire, in a period marked by an increasing internationalization of religious and missionary issues in imperial and international contexts, with the affirmation of missionary freedom and religious tolerance as fundamental principles in the European “civilizational” work in the African colonial spaces. The analysis of the complexity of a process that relates “mission” and “empire”, in their multiple historical expressions and geographical manifestations is based on three main dimensions which were essential to the debate undertaken by the actors of the time: the Catholic dimension, with the centrality of the Patronage question and the pursuit of a concordatory solution as an auxiliary to the consolidation of Portuguese imperial sovereignty in Africa; the Protestant dimension, seen as a “threat” to the empire, addressing the perceptions formed over its character as “heretical”, and specially, as “foreigner”, which were crucial to the Portuguese rhetoric; he Republican dimension, with the ups and downs of the definition of a nationalizing missionary policy and the limits of the applicability of a particularly notable ideological legislative strategy. Covering the period from the Berlin Conference (1885) to the publication of the Statute of João Belo (1926), this study aims to assess the place of the Portuguese missionary project in the historical dynamics of the “new imperialism”, focusing on the historical events and processes that promoted and conditioned the formulation of a missionary policy in the Portuguese colonial empire in Africa.

DUARTE, Rui Manuel Costa Fiadeiro, Sebastião Sanhudo: press, humor, caricature and Oporto from the second half of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century, PhD in Heritage Studies submitted to the School of Arts of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Gonçalo Mesquita da Silveira de Vasconcelos e Sousa and Laura Lucinda de Oliveira Castro, 2015

(http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/20509)

Keywords: History of the press; History of humor; History of caricature; History of Porto; History of the historic cafés of Porto; Lithography; Caricature; Sebastião Sanhudo

Abstract: This research has the desideratum to promote an insight into Sebastião Sampaio de Sousa Sanhudo and its heterogeneous work as a caricaturist, lithographer and publisher. To achieve that we started from the general to the particular, in order to better portrait his life and his vast production. In the first chapter we synthesize a history of the press, focusing on the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. We registered this art’s multiple advances, or setbacks, generated over time, for this is the medium used to shape general or specific issues - in particular with regard to humorous illustrated publications and aperiodic titles of solidarity and humanistic character in which the author intervened. The second chapter sheds a comprehensive study on the entire history of humor in general and caricature in particular. We seek to portrait the art of humor in illustrated humor journalism by inserting it into a broader plan, comparing it with all the areas where humor was spread, over time, in order to fully understand its position and relevance. The third chapter presents an historical insight of the city of Porto - through its social, commercial, economic, cultural, health and hygiene, historical and sociological changes, the urban novelties and those generated by material progress, and the coeval experience of its people and the city’s institutions -, revealing a great part of what constituted the city, perhaps still preserved till nowadays as unique or very genuine. In this chapter we also include what could be considered as the most updated research, systematization and study of the historic cafés of Porto, in all its aspects, given their vast social relevance. The last chapter elaborates a survey on the life and works of Sebastião Sanhudo. We follow his life, education and activity as an industrial lithographer, attesting the relevance and uniqueness of his craftsmanship. He was indeed one of the most authentic portraitists and lithographers of his time. We also scrutinize all the vast, and ill-assorted, artistic production of the man that edited one of the very few longest-lived humorous illustrated periodicals, analyzing each of its productions, revealing its capital importance and prominence in the panorama of illustrated humor and caricature in Portugal.

ESTEVES, Alexandra Patrícia Lopes, Between Crime and Prison: Violence and Marginality in the Alto Minho (1732-1870), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade do Minho, supervised by Maria Marta Lobo de Araújo, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/1822/11894)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The aim of this work is to characterize the violence, the criminality and the role of gaols in Alto Minho, round the years between the end of the Ancient Regime and 1870’s. Due to the extent and complexity of the task it was divided in three parts, always keeping in mind its tight connections. In the first part we have tried to understand and describe the violence affecting the rural communities in the district of Viana do Castelo. We aimed to discover and understand the particularities of this district, to learn the daily lives of its inhabitants, to identify the most important spaces and moments of conviviality and the grounds of more harsh behaviours. Violent behaviours mean not only physical aggression, but also the use and impact of words, so we took it in account as an instrument of offence in the society of Alto Minho. In the second part we have drawn a view of the crimes commited in the district of Viana do Castelo, according to offences against people, against the property or the State, against the public order or security, as well as the reasons impelling to criminal behaviour. Side by side with a non-planned criminality, almost spontaneous, there was another, organized and pre-thought, which took advantage of the political instability which characterized the first half of the XIX century in Alto Minho. It was led by gangs of brigands and robbers, filling with terror the inhabitants and the authorities. We have studied the leaders of those mobs and their ‘modus operandi’ mainly those who reached some notoriety. As Galiza stands close to Alto Minho we also learned about the role of the inhabitants of this Spanish country district in the crimes commited as well as the interest and the treatment that the press from the region paid to criminal activities. In the third part we have studied the jails and their awful conditions that made imprisonment more painful for the condemned, either men and women or children. These jails were rather places of punishment leaving out any chance of regeneration for the convicted. In order to confirm this statement we have studied the jails of Alto Minho, focusing our attention on the living conditions of those imprisoned, their daily lives and the role of authorities. By then, prisons were usually the destination for the poor or the delinquent of the society, so generating and worsening their poverty. For that reason we have also analysed the role of the State in order to mitigate the misery and help those in prison and the ‘Misericórdias’ as charitable institutions.

FAUSTINO, José Alfredo Paulo, The population of town of Chaves between 1780 and 1880, PhD in History: Historical Demography submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade do Minho supervised by Carlota Santos and Maria Norberta Simas Bettencourt Amorim, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/1822/35661)

Keywords: Chaves; Trás-os-Montes; Demography; Population; Society

Abstract: This study analyzes the evolution of the demographic behavior of an urban parish of Trás-os-Montes, a former military square, bordering Galicia, the town of Chaves, between 1780 and 1880. In this process, we used the parish sources (records of baptism, marriage and death), which are stored in the District Archives of Vila Real. In turn, the methodology of 'Reconstitution of Parishes' enabled us to organize the information acquired from the parochial registries in a demographic "database", using genealogical patterns of the residents in the town of Chaves. From this "database", we observe the evolution of the different demographic variables of nuptiality, fertility and mortality, as well as their influences on population equilibrium at a certain level of growth. As an important urban center of Trás-os-Montes in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Chaves had a desirable economic and social dynamism, characterized by the intense flow of people and goods coming from other parts of Trás-os-Montes, from Minho, and even from Galicia. Moreover, its strategic borderland position in the northern part of the country, regularly accommodated over 2000 military personnel who had a remarkable impact in local demographics. All these factors have transformed this old burg in a converging place of the most diverse people whose significant milestones were recorded in distinct parochial registries, mainly on the occasion of marriage and death. In fact, the influence of geographical mobility is very significant in all other socio-demographic behaviors. The lack of the existence of specific sources presented us with an indirect approach to its study which was based on ‘entries’ at the time of celebration of marriage and at the individual's place of residence at the time of death. The study of mortality was also affected by the lack of a systematic recording of the mortality of children under seven years of age, until 1850, thus precluding the longitudinal approach of the levels of mortality and life expectancy of ‘flavienses’. However, the analysis of the actual mortality crisis, considered by some as the regulatory variable of the demographics of the Old Regime, deserved our special mention, eventually revealing the specific features of the history of this population. This study provides evidence of a demographic 'system' characterized by an early age at first marriage for both women and for men, a persistent definitive celibacy, increased medium protogenesic and intergenesic intervals, and consequently, low rates of legitimate fertility, contrasting with a high rate of illegitimacy and a large number of illegitimate children. Simultaneously, we compared the various indicators obtained from each variable with other parishes already studied, among which, rural Calvão of this county, and urban Guimarães.

FERNANDES, Paula Guilhermina de Carvalho, Work and accommodation in Oporto at the end of the Old Regime. Socioeconomic and Urban Structures and Dynamics (1800-1833), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Magda de Avelar Pinheiro, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11820)

Keywords: Porto; Housing; Work; Urban history; XIX Century

Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze the economic and social character of the city of Porto in the first third of the nineteenth century, in his work aspects (occupational structure) and housing, checking also the respective development and interaction with the urban and regional spatial context . The methodology included synchronous and longitudinal analysis based on censuses (between 1800 and 1832-33), aimed at shuttling between the general and the particular. Customs movement and migrations were examined in the exploration of the economic and social integration of Porto in the various regions. The results revealed traditional trends (but also various emergencies), in the habitat, which was thoroughly characterized, as well as in major socio-economic traits. Porto maintains a standard of modern society - craft production and a heavy social stratum without occupational designation, which nearly double the number of trade-related people and triple those linked to restaurant services, personal services, security and related tasks. Developments in the labor structure in the period indicate increase in the latter group as well as professional and technical workers, emerging signs of contemporaneity. In production, there is a diversification of crafts and a decline of those more traditional in favor of those with demand, such as textiles. Social geography reveals change, moving from the river to the north, east and west, redesigning the meanings of the city. There are signs of dynamism in migration movements and even in customs, with a corroborative behavior of the notion that Porto would have made recovery business and circuits relatively soon after the beginning of century crisis.

FERREIRA, Carla Maria Sequeira, The Upper Douro between free trade and protectionism: the «Douro wine issue» in the national economy, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves and Gaspar Martins Pereira, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/50418)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The present Doctoral thesis in History aims to understand the conditions and mechanisms of transition from the protectionist model of State intervention to the liberal regime, as well as the return to regulatory measures for the wine sector, the economic basis of the Douro demarcated region, between the ‘Regeneração’ period and the beginning of the ‘Estado Novo’ (1852-1932). The economic, social and institutional evolution of Douro region over the period considered is characterized, as well as the interests at play and the degree of conflict the with other Portuguese winegrowing regions and other economic agents brought on by the wine sector issue, raised by the ‘questão vinhateira’. An analysis is conducted of the consequences of the liberal legislation and the regional demands for State intervention, which developed from the mid-1870s and persisted for several decades, at a time of agricultural and commercial crisis leading to continuous political and social unrest. The research intends to understand the different strategies implemented to bolster regional production in relation to the commercial sector, in the search for solutions to the «Douro issue» (viticulturist and commercial associativism, defence of the «regional brand», demand for legislative proposals). The debates between free traders and protectionists on the wine sector issue affected not only the Douro region but the country as whole, from Governments and political groups in Parliament to economic interest groups. They ultimately reveal the political and economic forces at play, and we seek to determine the degree of influence regional clienteles came to have on the decisions taken by central power, both in implementing the liberal model as well as in terms of the new forms of regulation.

FERREIRA, João Pedro Rosa, Correcting by laughter. Humor in Portuguese periodical press (1797-1835), PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by João Luís Lisboa, 2018

(http://hdl.handle.net/10362/43440)

Keywords: History of ideas; Cultural history; History of reading and publishing; Periodical press; Humor studies; Public opinion; Eighteenth to nineteenth centuries

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to explore the impact of humorous processes on the emergence of modern Portugal, from the onset of the systematic use of those processes in the periodical press, from the publication of Almocreve de Petas (1797-1800) to the issue of O Quinquilheiro in 1835, shortly after the Portuguese civil war. Humor in the periodical press is analyzed from an interdisciplinary perspective and its targets are identified in their political, social and cultural contexts. The nuanced approach allows showing the role of humor in the crystallization and integration of the otherness of its targets - as a phenomenon of the new and the different becomes a butt of a joke its otherness is being acknowledged, thus making the discovery of alterity in the diversity possible. Amongst other aspects under study is the role of humor in the building of public opinion and in the insertion of Portugal in the Western European cultural crossroads. Concurrently, the role of reading and publishing in the global processes of affirmation of written culture and the circulation of periodicals in the European and Transatlantic space are explored. The research also looks into the boundaries of humor and the fine lines between the licit and the illicit, truth and falsehood, serious and risible, as well as oral and written humor forms. Finally, the work is intended to discern the place of humor in the development of printed communication in Portugal during the transition from Absolutism to the Liberal state and to grasp the social and political contradictions of humor in that period.

FERREIRA, Jorge Eurico Gonçalves de Sousa, The Mission and the Action of the Portuguese Military Nurses (From the Restoration War to the Great War), PhD in Nursing: History and Philosophy of Nursing submitted to the Institute of Health Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Margarida Maria da Silva Vieira, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/12371)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Following a path of Historical research which has a logical, rational, discursive nature, we try to find out what the mission and action of the Portuguese nurses was, since 1640 until 1918 - since the Restoration War until the end of the Great War. In 1642 King D. João IV decides that the number of nurses in the Hospitals and “Misericórdias” must be enough and establishes a portable hospital that could attend the army during campaigns. Thus, we accept the hypothesis that nurses could be in the front line taking care of the sick and injured soldiers. We also accept the hypothesis that the Military Royal Hospitals followed the norms and standards recommended by S. João de Deus regarding the patients separation according to the nature of disease, the change of bed linen and pyjamas and the hospital’s wards ventilation, because this was the practice of the religious brothers and are present in their norms. The first known Portuguese written document for the teaching of nurses is dated 1741 and was written by Father Frei Diogo de Santiago of S. João de Deus Order, and was entitled “Religious Postilla and Art of Nursing”. Through the documental analysis we accept the hypothesis that the teaching nurses was effective during the XVIIIth century. We also accept the hypothesis of existing principles that guide nursing at the present time, such as caring foundations, the need of through knowledge regarding the patient health condition, the register of activities, and the concerns about security in medicine administration, as well as the need of nurses respect their competence area. With these Frei Diogo’s de Santiago advices, we accept the hypothesis that time nurses already had their own competence area in the provision of health care. During the Peninsular War, military nurses had already some kind of training/education since the military hospitals should be organized in a way that they might become “real Schools of Surgical Medicine” - in which health minor officials should be trained, so they could be useful to themselves and to the Royal Service. Thus, all the Major, Ordinary and Supernumerary nurses would be withdraw from Assistant Surgeons. This training/education continued in the Army and later in the Navy. Through the analysis of the different health military services regulations, we confirm the hypothesis that there was a progressive loss of the autonomy regarding health care over the centuries we studied.

FERREIRA, Jorge Miguel Quintino Gomes, From Seismicity to the Science of Earthquakes: For the History of Seismology in Portugal, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Augusto José dos Santos Fitas, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11401)

Keywords: History of science in Portugal; History of seismology; Public dimension; Seismicity

Abstract: Historically and by instrumental observation, we can record earthquakes with some frequency in the country territory, more often in the South area and in Azores and occasionally with catastrophic consequences. By scientific and technical repercussions we can highlight two of them: Lisbon 1755, by the questionnaire nationwide distributed (a systematic survey of the destructive consequences), by the idea of wave propagation within the earth of the vibration arising from a seismic source (communication to the Royal Society), and by the measures in seismic prevention adopted in the reconstruction of Lisbon; and Benavente 1909, by the need of a seismological service, whose organization national authorities (partially) accomplished only in 1946 with the foundation of the Serviço Meteorológico Nacional. This work is a study in history of the science of earthquakes and in history of seismology, in Portugal, from 1755 until mid-twentieth century, emphasizing the relationship between the seismicity (seismic events), the impact on public opinion, the march of scientific knowledge, and consequent development of the science of earthquakes.

FERREIRA, Nuno Alexandre Martins, The institutionalization of nautical education in Portugal (1779-1807), PhD in History: History of the Discoveries and Expansion submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Francisco Contente Domingues, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/10963)

Keywords: Nautical Teaching; XVIIIth and XIXth Centuries; Cosmographer-in-chief; Academies

Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to study the institutionalization of nautical teaching in Portugal between 1779, the year of creation of the Royal Marine Academy, and in 1807, the transfer of the Court to Brazil. In the second half of the 18th century, the changes in nautical teaching emerged within the education reform initiated by King Joseph I and developed by his daughter, Mary I. The cosmographer-in-chief lesson disappeared to give place to a more professional structure enhanced by the emergence of academies, created specifically for this purpose, which would be the precursor of polytechnic education in Portugal. The first step in pilotage teaching was given in Oporto with the creation of a nautical class in 1762 and later on with the appearance in Lisbon of the Royal Marine Academy (1779) and the Royal Marine Guards Academy (1782) and, in Oporto, of the Royal Academy of Marine and Commerce (1803). In addition to the cities of Metropolis, by the early years of the 19th century the Portuguese nautical teaching already knew a geography that extended to the State of India and Brazil. The first part will present the context of the changes of nautical teaching according with the reforms of the second half of the 18th century, especially the end of the cosmographer-in-chief lesson and of the Sphere Class, and the reform of the Universidade de Coimbra. The second part is dedicated to the creation of the academies, their curricula, teachers, and dynamic operation. Finally, in this part, we present the issue of duplication or fusion of the academies of Lisbon and the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazilian colony, a fact that would influence the structuring of the nautical teaching in the early decades of the XIXth century.

FIGUEIREDO, João de Castro Maia Veiga de, Politics, Slavery and Witchcraft in Angola (18th and 19th Centuries), PhD in History: Empire, Politics and Postcolonialism submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando Catroga, 2016 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/29906)

Keywords: Slavery; Fetish; History of Angola; Historical anthropology

Abstract: This dissertation proposes to trace the variation of political attitudes towards feitiçaria [sorcery/witchcraft] beliefs, from the middle of the 18th until the end of the 19th century. From Portuguese colonial agents to the innumerous local petty elites involved in the successive projects of economic exploration of the Angolan hinterland, a large number of case studies will be taken into account, demonstrating an underlying continuity amid change: there was always a strict correlation between a given attitude towards feitiçaria, and the position of its author towards the slave trade. With this in mind, the approach adopted in this investigation combines methods from Cultural History, Historical Anthropology, and Symmetric Anthropology. From this eclectic choice of heuristic methods, ensues a dissertation which has a number of chapters with the History of Colonial Law and Administration as its backbone, intermingled with a number of others, which deal mostly with issues situated within the domains of Anthropology, Cultural and Social History, History of Art, History of Science, Literary Studies, and Sociology. We thus hope to prove that, besides the strict correlation between slavery and political stances towards feitiçaria beliefs, another conclusion can be reached: as the arguments in favor of the maintenance of forced labor in the colony became increasingly based in “naturalist” and “racialist” “proofs”, and the previous history of cultural and sociological contact between Portuguese colonial agents and black African populations was forgotten, a progressive subordination of the African locals was accompanied by a concomitant demise of Portuguese international hegemony.

FINA, Rosa Maria Canarim Rodrigues, The idea of night in portuguese culture (XVIIIth to XXth centuries), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by José Eduardo Franco, António Ventura and Roger Ekirch, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25043)

Keywords: Night; Society; Urban History; Enlightenment; Fin-de-siècle; Cultural History

Abstract: This thesis aims to study the night in the Portuguese culture between the eighteenth and early twentieth century. Such temporal and conceptual scope requires a structured and well-argued work. Thus moving us in the field of Portuguese cultural history, we intend to determine, in the first part, the concept of night at its mythological and foundational nature in general European culture then in particular the Portuguese, necessarily going through the popular traditions and superstitions. Then we light our historical focus on the eighteenth and nineteenth century Lisbon and study the nocturnal social and cultural environments and how they were changing over the centuries. We contemplate, in the city after the earthquake, the European Enlightenment influence, Pombal deed as well as specific urban changes such as law enforcement and later the controversial appearance of public lighting. During the nineteenth century, the social models were up carving in its difference as well as night time experiences, which, through a growing number of theaters and other distractions, are utterly reconciled with the street. In another path, we recovered in our dissertation fourth part the symbolic and metaphorical concept of the night and look through this lens at the Portuguese literature of the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, trying to appraise some of the most important authors. In a similar vein, though once again extending the scope to European culture, we reflect on the concept of power and pessimism - which we consider a twentieth century characteristic - considering either concept in its correlation with the night.

GAMEIRO, Fernando Luís, Elites and Education. School itineraries and career paths. Alentejo, 19th and 20th centuries, PhD in Contemporary History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Helder Adegar Fonseca, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11934)

Keywords: Social History; History of Education; Urban History; Social Stratification; Occupations

Abstract: The thesis examines the relation between elites and education in Portugal, during the Constitutional Monarchy and the First Republic. Firstly, it characterises the European context in which modern teaching systems emerged and it focuses on the analysis of the processes of segmentation that separate classic and technical teaching. It reviews literature on Portuguese educational reformism, centred on classic and technical teaching. Secondly, it analyses the process of segmentation in Évora, capital of a region that is characterised by agriculture, which is essentially extensive and commercial, home to the education institutions our study focuses on: the Liceu and the Industrial School. Thirdly, school facilities are characterised; then, public behaviour of educators, namely that of headmasters and teachers, highlighting their public intervention; it characterises the demand in these institutions - the emphasis is placed on geographic mobility, considering students' birthplace and their parents' residence; a study on students' backgrounds and parents' occupational profiles is carried out. Eventually, the academic and professional itineraries of Liceu students' are reconstituted, within the formerly described chronological arch.

GRAES, Isabel, From the Supreme Court of Justice to the deconstruction of judiciary in the 19th century, PhD in Law: Legal History submitted to the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Pedro Barbas Homem, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5155)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

KOROBTCHENKO, Júlia Platonovna, The Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Administrative Reform and the Social Body (1834-1910), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Adriano Ascensão Pires Ventura and Ana Maria Homem Leal de Faria, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/33403)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal - the object of our study - suffered a great transformation with the advent of the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910). The effort to modernize, and to assume the implementation of the modern/rational administrative system led to a legislative effort of administrative reform. This process was characterized by the reorganization of the organic and functional structure of the Secretariat of State, by the functional specialization, the bureaucratization of the dispatch system, the organization of the personnel boards and professional career within the institution, the professionalization (meritocracy) and the organization of the foreign network of diplomatic legations and consulates. The transition process of the internal organic structure of the Secretariat of State from a horizontal model of subsequent departments, organized by a geographical logic, gave place to a hierarchical structure in a vertical model, divided in two great thematic areas of work: the General Department of Politics and Diplomacy and the General Department of Commerce and Consular Affairs. These two General Departments were later also subdivided in sub-departments and sections. This way it was evidenced the functional specialization and labor division. The board of personnel was organized by a hierarchic model classified by class and categories, multiplying the levels of career ascension, and resulting in the emergence of a professional career. One of the most important measures introduced was the meritocratic model of recruitment based on a public service exam. From the model of public administration management, we took on the fundamental question, and ultimate function of the institution, which is the administration of the Foreign Policy. The network of diplomatic legations and consulates was adapted to the necessities of the century of economic, technologic, ideologic and commercial progress. Portugal, as an integral part of the European model in expansion, in a period of high imperialism shaped its external representation to its own constraints and national interests. On one hand, Portugal lived a severe economic and final crisis, on the other hand there was a need to defend the patrimonial, historic and geopolitical heritage and, at the same, the will to be integrated in the international community, in the concert of Europe. Diplomacy and its executive corps (diplomatic corps) was in tune with the political, social and economic transformations of the XIXth century. Without losing its aristocratic composition, this social corps redefined its own identity. Come into play factors, not only, of social status, but also, of political interests. It is without a doubt a social elite at the service of the constitutional regime in which the ideals of the old aristocracy (already shattered during the XVIII century) give way to a new titular nobility, with the possibility of social ascension by the diplomatic service. The diplomatic field, during this time, had a very strong connection to the political and administrative elite. The diplomats were present at the benches of Parliament, fought in the war for the interests of their country and maintained closely linked to the law, judiciary and humanities fields. Several high political personalities went into the diplomatic practice and, vice-versa, the diplomats were appointed to ministerial and governmental positions. Notwithstanding, the process of professionalization lead to the emergence of the career diplomat with a path from the recruitment to promotion to a higher rank, with rights to temporary leave, fixed income and retirement. In this manner, we present a study of the institutional organization and personnel of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Portugal, in the scope of almost a century, focusing in the aspects of transition into the modernity.

LEAL, Manuel Maria Cardoso, Party rotation in Portugal: the learning of political alternation (c.1860-1890), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Ernesto Castro Leal, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24291)

Keywords: Liberalism; Political parties; Conservatives-Progressists; Right-Left; Rotation (Rotativismo)/Alternance; Constitutional Monarchy; Public Opinion

Abstract: This thesis aims mainly to understand how the first party system was built in Portugal and how it evolved into the rotation of two parties, in the period between 1860 and 1890. That rotation was assured between two moderate parties, one conservative and another progressist, or one center-right wing and another center-left wing, both obeying the basic political rules. But it consisted of a constant strife between a party inspired by an unitarian spirit and another party wishing to assert an alternative. In the 1850’s there were some governmental transitions, driven by the king, between the same political forces of future rotation; but this was really accomplished in the end of the 1870’s, boosted by the public opinion, not only by the king. The general acceptance of the rotation principle that was reached in the 1880’s meant a victory of bipartidism over one party’s predominance. The rotation of 1860-1890 was more than a symbol of Portuguese Constitutional Monarchy; it was also part of general evolution of representative systems in Europe.

LEITE, Rita Alexandra Borda de Água Mendonça, Text and authority: Sociocultural and religious diversification with the Biblical Society in Portugal (1804-1940), PhD in History and Culture of Religions submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Manuel Antunes de Matos Ferreira and José Augusto Martins Ramos, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29992)

Keywords: Authority; Bible; Colporteurs; Religious competition; Bible Society

Abstract: In the transition of modernity, between the 18th and 19th centuries, the reference to the Bible played a role on the expansion of Christianity, being a differentiation factor between the currents that existed and those which emerged meanwhile. A part of that history was promoted by the Bible Societies which appeared in that period. The object of this thesis is the appreciation of the complex process of implantation of the British and Foreign Bible Society (BFBS) in Portugal and the analysis of the Bible dissemination problematic as well as of the cultural impact imposed by the prosecution of this project. Thereafter, a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of that institution was pursued, not only within its limits, but also regarding the shaping of its goals and their pursuit within the context of the Portuguese society. This process is analysed from the foundation of the BFBS (1804) to the first Portuguese Bible Congress (1940). With its programme of dissemination of the Bible, which was supported by the development of an extensive network of collaborators, by the establishment of an Agency in Lisbon, by the implementation of the colportage system and by the establishment of the “Bible Depôts”, the BFBS led a pioneer action in the Portuguese society, developing its work in a specific field of confrontation of legitimacies, namely the liberty to publish, the free access to the biblical text in vernacular languages, and the right to publish several Bible versions in the same language. In that sense, the history of the Bible Society allows us to monitor a dynamic of circulation within the Portuguese society which, in spite of being centred around the edition of the biblical texts, goes beyond the religious field, precisely because that sacred text tended, by its nature, to enhance dynamics of conflict. Indeed, the Bible introduced important concepts such as those of Truth and Authority in the cultural debate and led them to be confronted them with those of Liberty and Consciousness, which were differently perceived, combined and opposed by the various receivers of that biblical message and advocates and opposers of that project. The trajectory of the Bible Society in Portugal and its Bible dissemination programme were an active part of the process of religious recomposition which took place in the 19th and 20th centuries in the country. During that period the Bible Society promoted the first Christian interfaith and evangelical interdenominational experiences in Portugal and constituted itself as a benchmark of frontier between those who appropriated themselves of its action in order to promote the protestantization of the country and those in the catholic field who opposed that project basing themselves in the specific relationship of the roman Catholicism with the Bible and in the hegemonic position that same church had in the Portuguese religious and cultural context. Actively intervening in that differentiation process, the role of the Bible Society also developed itself in the extensive complexification of the religious system which was part of the construction of the liberal society in Portugal.

LEONARDO, António José Fontoura, The Institute of Coimbra and the Evolution of Physics and Chemistry in Portugal from 1852 to 1952, PhD in Physics submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Carlos Fiolhais and Décio Martins, 2011 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/16388)

Keywords: Institute of Coimbra; History of Physics; History of Chemistry; History of science education; University of Coimbra

Abstract: With the present work we aim to demonstrate the influence of the Institute of Coimbra (IC) on the evolution of physics and chemistry in Portugal from 1852 to 1952. The IC was a scientific and literary society that was created in 1852 within the University of Coimbra, having started publishing the periodic O Instituto, which compiled the memoirs from its associates. The initial part of this work corresponds to the history of this institution, with over 130 years of existence and 141 volumes of its journal published. Our main analysis focused on the scientific activities of the members of the IC, on the articles on physics and chemistry published in its journal, and on the conferences organized and the national and international relations established by the IC. Regarding physics, we highlighted the history of telegraphy and its impact on the standardization of electrical units; we describe the meteorological observations made in Coimbra, the creation of its observatory, and the adoption of the first methods of forecasting the weather in Portugal and in Europe; we examine the implementation of a section of solar astrophysics in Coimbra, in the early twentieth century, and the opposition to the Einstein’s relativity theory, among other issues. In the context of chemistry, we revised the history of the application of toxicological analysis and the emergence of forensic chemistry in Coimbra; we study the evolution of the chemical analysis of mineral waters and public water supply in Portugal and we outline some of the episodes relating to the attempts to implement metallurgical methods in the country and the emergence of the chemical industry. Based on the contents of O Instituto, it was possible to describe the various reforms of secondary education in Portugal, with greater emphasis on the teaching of physics and chemistry, in the view of the IC members, some of whom were protagonists in the various projects on this level of education organization. We assessed the level of science teaching in the Faculties of Philosophy and Mathematics from UC, based on the curricula of the disciplines of Physics and Chemistry and the reforms that were implemented until 1911, mainly from published sources in O Instituto. Given that most primary sources are articles from O Instituto, we undertook a quantitative analysis of the scientific dissemination in this journal and drafted ideographic and onomastic indexes of the articles related to Physics and Chemistry. To make this work reproducible, we implemented some lesson plans where contents of the history of science in Portugal appear linked to the syllabus of the discipline of Physics and Chemistry of secondary education.

LIMA, Péricles Pedrosa, The court in Brazil and Portuguese periodicals (1808-1821), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Ventura, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7692)

Keywords: Monarchy; America; Newspaper; Emancipation

Abstract: Between 1808 and 1821 the Portuguese Monarchy set up residence in America, away from the revolutionary movements in Europe. The newspapers published in London and Lisbon sought to inform on the main news on Brazil, Portugal and the world. Thus were launched the seeds of Brazilian political emancipation.

LOBÃO, Carlos Manuel Gomes, A Port City - Horta between 1800 and 1926. Society and Culture with Politics in the background, PhD in Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences & Humanities of the Universidade dos Açores, supervised by Carlos Alberto da Costa Cordeiro and Susana Serpa Silva, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/3083)

Keywords: Horta (Ilha do Faial); Associativism; Culture; Seaport City; Politics; Azores

Abstract: The Azores played a central role in the History of the "Atlantic", due to its geographical location. Since the city of Horta was like a sheltered harbor, so it was a mandatory stop for the many passing ships, used as a rest place for the ships' crews before bearing off and continuing its voyages. Horta's harbor was considered the main link of maritime communications between all the islands of the Azores on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. Moreover, due to the existing commercial activity and the increase of curiosity of the other islands, Horta earned the status of a cosmopolitan city with a cosmopolitan atmosphere, which still exists today. In other words, its geographical location, its excellent bay, linked to the "winds" of history "universalized" this island. Because of the transformed harbor / port, its great importance revealed from the lungs and heart of its people, the history of Faial would weave itself in such a priority form that made possible to confirm the hospitable temperament and the cosmopolitan affection of the city of Horta. The fact of bringing the city of Horta into debate in this study highlights its contribution to the history of the Atlantic, as a cultural, economical, social, political and scientific venue.

LOI, Stefano, The evolution of the Institution of the General Staff, 1806-1918: the German, French, English and Portuguese cases in comparative perspective, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15642)

Keywords: General Staff; Germany; France; United Kingdom; Portugal; Military history; First World War

Abstract: This PhD thesis aims to analyse the military institution of the General Staff from a comparative and diachronic perspective. This analysis spreads from the birth of this military institution until the First World War and examines four different cases, i.e., the Prussian-German, the French, the British and the Portuguese General Staffs. Finally, the main goal of this investigation is to formulate a definition of this military institution, definition that aims to be historically grounded and that can be applied also to other General Staffs not investigated in this thesis. In the present analysis, the reasons that lead to the institution of the General Staffs in the researched countries will be studied. Furthermore, the elements that determined the evolution of the General Staffs will be examined, how they were articulated from an organizational point of view, which relations they had with politics and the other military agencies, which role they played before the beginning of the First World War and which activities they performed in the first stages of that conflict. This investigation has innovative elements, when compared to other works of military history. The theoretical and methodological principles that were chosen are not usual for the studies concerning the General Staffs, and this choice allows to provide a new vision on this Institution, especially when compared to the few works on this matter. The diachronic approach in the four analysed cases allows to gather specific evidences to explain the birth and evolution of the General Staffs, and these evidences shall be considered as the main elements to formulate a definition of General Staff that is concise and historically grounded.

LOPES, Paulo Jorge dos Santos, Reading textbooks: A longitudinal and diachronic analysis (16th-20th centuries), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Nóvoa, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/2269)

Keywords: Textbook; School; Primer; Catechism; Legislation

Abstract: The study focuses on textbooks (among others, primers or catechisms) approved by the regulating agencies. Also included were the books that having not been formally approved, are designed with the same objective as well as others that were used regularly in the early years of schooling (up to a maximum of six years). The thesis reviews the history of these books from a full registration (collected in a list of about 400 authors and 2500 books), analyzes the legal discourse that precedes and accompanies their regulation and approval and tries to understand the pedagogical discourse in which they are produced. Our intention is to discover, in each historical moment: a) which groups exert more influence on the production and selection of books approved and used in schools (church, state, groups professional publishing interests, etc.); b) which are the relations between different historical eras and production of the textbook; c) what events of political, social and educational nature influenced the used or approved textbook. The thesis seeks to make a comprehensive historical record of these books, covering a very wide horizon, namely since the end of the fourteenth century/early fifteenth century until 1976, that is from the production of the first book explicitly designed for learning/teaching how to read to the year where it became clear the movement of massification and diversification that characterizes the current situation of the textbook.

MACHADO, Adelaide Maria Muralha Vieira, The importance of being Portuguese: José Liberato Freire de Carvalho in the direction of Investigador Português em Inglaterra (1814-1819), PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Zília Osório de Castro, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6261)

Keywords: Europe; America; French Revolution; Moderantism; Liberalism; Conservatism; Nationalism; Patriotism; Constitutional Monarchy

Abstract: In the turn of 18th to the 19th centuries, gathered in Vienne the political and diplomatic powers in Europe, made the first balance of the North American and French revolutions. After Napoleon’s defeat, it was needed to find a just equilibrium and new paths for peace between European nations. Connecting the present with intellectual inheritances of the previous centuries several proposals arose, but soon a new reality was perceived, that obliged to take in account nationalities and their respective public opinion. The political debate about and around the French Restoration spread out from the Congress of Vienne to the European press. With a wide expression in that press, a moderate and reformist current borne in the beginning of the French revolution from the discussion about the 1791 Constitution, took a leading role, defending that all kinds of despotism, royal or revolutionary should be avoided. Inserted in this line of thought the Portuguese newspaper Investigador português em Inglaterra, sheltered in the English freedom of press, managed to participate in this debate and dispread to the Portuguese public a political message based on the defence of safety and individual freedom in the frame of a constitutional monarchy under the empire of the law. From the autonomy of the political and its speech, arose the contemporaneous political currents precisely from the connection between thought and action, between political practices and theories. Independent of future valid genealogies, liberals and conservatives, gained legitimacy in the search for moderate answers to the construction challenges of a free and participative civil society, in which the inequalities of social and economic order had now a degree of mobility justified by moral and political principles.

MACHUQUEIRO, Pedro Urbano da Gama, “Behind the scenes of the court”: The king and the Royal Household in the monarchy crisis (1889-1908), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Luís Espinha da Silveira, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12317)

Keywords: History; Nineteenth Century; Twentieth Century; Crisis of Constitutional Monarchy; D. Carlos reign; Royal Household; Elites; Aristocracy

Abstract: The Portuguese Royal Household during the Contemporary period has not yet been subject to a systematic historical analysis. This study aims to fill this gap, showing the problems inherent to the institution and its national conjuncture. During several centuries of its existence, the Royal Household faced new challenges and, especially from the nineteenth century, with the establishment of a Constitutional Monarchy. However, this political regime would not last. The assassination in 1908 of the penultimate King of Portugal, D. Carlos, was the unquestionable evidence of the crisis of the regime and the forthcoming establishment of the Republic. It is therefore important ask to what extent is that one of the principal monarchical institutions may have contributed during the reign of King Carlos for the premature fall of the Portuguese Monarchy in the European context. Based on the definition and characterization of the Royal Household, particularly in terms of its internal organization in this reign will be highlighted the changes brought by the Constitutional Monarchy to this institution. We will analyze the composition and recruitment of its human elements, especially at the level of its major officers, in order to identify the support bases of the King and the monarchy in this reign. We will discuss the issue of the financial situation of the Royal Household, which was widely discussed at the time because of the advance payments made by the Public Treasure that have tarnished the public image of the Monarchy and the King himself. Finally, we will examine the issues related to the outward and visible aspect of the Royal Household, particularly their public festivities and its adaptation to the chronological context.

MARÇAL, Bruno José Navarro, An empire designed by the “hiss of the locomotive”. The role of Portuguese engineering in the appropriation of the African colonial space. Angola and Mozambique (1869-1930), PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Paula Diogo and Ernesto Leal, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19566)

Keywords: Colonial history; Third Empire; Sociotechnical system; Technology; Engineering; Railways; Technopolitics; Portugal; Angola; Mozambique

Abstract: With this historical research we aim to clarify the role of the Portuguese engineering in the territorial appropriation of the overseas colonies of Angola and Mozambique. We intend to draw a different perspective of what has been historically identified as the “mark of the Portuguese colonization in the lands of Africa” (Veríssimo Serrão, 1989). Our object of study is the process of construction and development of railway infrastructures, in the plans of their materiality and underlying options, in those two colonies between the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries. Exploring the potential of the methodological framework of socio-technical approach Actor-Network (ANT), and the concepts of “technopolitics” and “technological appropriation”, we will try to identify the heterogeneity of historical actors involved in this dynamic process in the colonial, national, and European contexts. We will also attempt to ascertain the stages of implementation of those infrastructures, relating them to their social, economic and political motivations and implications, and namely with the ultimate goal of realizing the colonial project of the Third Empire. Finally we will determine to what extent the contextual knowledge and technical experience may have influenced the political, economic, and social events (Headrick, 1988).

MARIANO, Maria de Fátima da Silva, To the polls - the claim for female vote in the Iberian Peninsula (1821-1934), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Reis and Angeles Egido Leon, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/35959)

Keywords: Portugal; Spain; Feminism; Women’s suffrage; Political citizenship

Abstract: The Portuguese and Spanish feminist movement only began to take form in the early twentieth century, when in the United States of America and in Western Europe the debate over the women’s vote was already going on for several decades. The reasons for this delay are mainly the high rate of female illiteracy, the strong influence of the Catholic Church on women and the late entry of women of the middle and upper classes into the labor market. With this doctoral thesis we want to analyze the social-political context in which the discussion on female suffrage arose in the Iberian Peninsula at the beginning of the constitutional regimes, in the nineteenth century, and the in which Portuguese and Spanish women gained the right to participate in national parliamentary elections, either as voters or as candidates, in the 1930s.

MARQUES, Daniel Brito Candeias Gamito, Teaching and research in Zoology and Botany at the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa (1837-1911), PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Ana Carneiro and Teresa Mota, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14779)

Keywords: Higher education; Zoological research; Botanical research; Lisbon Polytechnic School; Nineteenth century

Abstract: This dissertation focusses on the establishment and further development of the courses on zoology and botany in the Lisbon Polytechnic School (LPS), since its foundation, in 1837, until the Republican reform of higher education in 1911. It pays particular attention to the role played by both disciplines in the context of the Portuguese scientific community, and in the design of Liberal governmental policies. By adopting a contextualist analysis, it is argued that the assignment of specific physical spaces was crucial to the legitimization and affirmation of zoology and botany in the institution and beyond. Notably, the creation of the Museum of Lisbon, an institution with a national status, represents the conquest within the LPS of a space devoted to scientific research, which was of paramount importance in its internationalization. The teaching of zoology and botany, in addition, played an important role in the transmission of new scientific theories to successive generations of students, including Darwin’s and Haeckel’s evolutionism and French neo-Lamarckism, and their circulation. The creation of the abovementioned courses had, furthermore, an impact at a political level, since they enabled the scientific specialization of some of their professors, who due to their expert authority intervened in the definition of governmental policies: in particular, in land-use planning and the modernization of agricultural techniques, and in the defense of Portuguese colonial pretensions in Africa. This dissertation therefore shows that the analysis of the institutionalization of zoology and botany in the LPS was central not only to the development of the Portuguese scientific community, but also to political reforms launched by the Portuguese Liberal governments in the nineteenth century.

MARQUES, Gonçalo Nuno Ramos Maia, From the Wine of God to the Wine of Men: the Wine, the Monasteries and the Entre Douro e Minho, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by António Barros Cardoso, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/57439)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MARQUES, Maria Gabriela Mota, Refined Demons. Antifeminism in the Portuguese press (1885-1914), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Irene Maria Montezuma de Carvalho Mendes Vaquinhas, 2013 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/24648)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MARQUES, Rui Manuel dos Reis e Silva, The Empire in the Chamber of Deputies: The marks of a speech (1852-1890), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Alves, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/91103)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MARTINS, Arilson Aparecido, The Episcopal Seminary of the Conception in the formation of the elites of Mato Grosso - Brazil (1858-1880), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Justino Pereira de Magalhães, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/17948)

Keywords: History of Education; Institutional History; Episcopal Seminary of Conception; Secondary Education; Cuiabá Elites; History of Mato Grosso

Abstract: The central case study of this thesis is the Episcopal Seminary of Conception, the first private institution of religious and secondary education in the Province of Mato Grosso/Brazil. Officially founded in the second half of the 19th century, through actions of the Catholic Church and the support of the Imperial and Provincial Government, the Seminary combined a mixed approach, since it simultaneously focused on propaedeutic secondary education as well as on ecclesiastical formation. Being aware of the reduced historical knowledge about that institution raised our interest in the study of the mentioned Seminary as a Religious Educational institution which for more than two decades dominated the field of Theological and Secondary Education in Mato Grosso. The approached chronological period includes the years between 1858 and 1880, corresponding the first date to the moment of the laying of the foundation stone of the building of the Seminary and being the second related to the foundation of Liceu Cuiabano, the first public secondary school of secular nature in the Province. Starting from the analysis of basically unpublished documentation related to this institution and protected in the most important files of Cuiabá, we seek, in addition to historicizing the evolutionary process of the Episcopal Seminary of Conception and understanding its physical, administrative and pedagogical organisation, to establish connections between the secondary education in the Brazilian Empire and the Province of Mato Grosso and, similarly, to unveil the crucial role of this institution in the emergence of a regional literate elite, thus contributing to the expansion of knowledge on the History of Educational Institutions in Brazil.

MARTINS, Luísa Fernanda Guerreiro, Identity and resistance paths in the Mozambican district: the Namarrais (1857-1913), PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Helder Adegar Teixeira Dias Fonseca and Eduardo da Conceição Medeiros, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/9068)

Keywords: Resistance; Confederation; Campaigns; Quilombo; Routes; Namarral; Firm lands; Identity; State

Abstract: Identity and resistance paths in the Mozambican district: the Namarrais (1857 - 1913) has the purpose of explaining the Namarral identity process which, not being developed according to the Brazilian quilombos' structures, shows in it's whole, characteristics which allow us to consider them a quilombola society, in a multicultural perspective, with a traditional social matriz, which may define a "new state". An explanation for the causes of the Namarral resistance towards the installation of the military and administrative colony, and the way it collapsed in the beginning of second decade of the 20th century. The Namarral relationship with the Portuguesa colonizeis was driven by power, which carne froco a particular and deep historical path, with a social, economical, political and cultural complexity, but also with a weakness equivalent to the fragile (but nove the less violent) typology of the colonising powers.

MENDÓÇA, Filipe Alberto Folque de, The Duke of Loulé - Chronicle of a Political Path, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando Taveira da Fonseca and Rui de Ascenção Ferreira Cascão, 2016 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/30349)

Keywords: Duke of Loulé; Prime Minister; Grand Master of the Freemasonry; Constitutional Monarchy; Liberal Period; Regeneração

Abstract: The main purpose of the study which embodied this dissertation was to follow and reveal the political life of the first Duke of Loulé. Having rapidly become one of the main characters of the Portuguese State during the second half of the nineteenth century, his political career focused at the time of the “Regeneração” (namely the period when he was Prime Minister 1856-1870). We tried to develop his personal and political background departing from his biography. This in view towards a general framing of the history and mentality of his times. We approached the family circumstances pertaining his education, relating to the House where he was born into. This helped us in following his family and social career. In this context we must stress out his marriage to the Infanta D. Ana de Jesus Maria (King João VI’s daughter). This made him brother-in-law to King Pedro IV, and uncle to Queen Maria II and to her sons King Pedro V and Luís I of Portugal. His choosing of the liberal party by defending the Queen’s legitimacy made him a companion to King Pedro IV during the whole Civil War (1832-1834). He fought alongside the King during the “Campanhas da Liberdade” and during the siege of Oporto. This resulted on his appointment as Minister of Foreign Affairs and Navy (1833). With the start of the Constitutional Monarchy through the issuing of the “Carta Constitucional”, and after having restored the dynastic legitimacy; he reclaimed his place as member of the upper House, known as “Câmara dos Pares do Reino”. There he fought bravely for the constitutional principles in which he dearly believed, following with moderation the radical party of the “liberalismo” under the monarchy. This singular state of affairs led him to follow and fight the way of liberal “progressismo”. This resulted on his appointment as Minister of Navy (1835) and Foreign Affairs (1835-1836). This led him to becoming a member of the “Setembrismo”.Consequently being elected deputy to the “Cortes Constituintes” (1837-1838) and Senator (1840). Afterwhich he became united to the “Junta do Porto”, thus serving us Civil Governor of Coimbra (1846-1847). After having signed the “Convenção de Gramido” (1847), he would reclaim once again his place in the upper House. There he was part of the “Nacional” party, opposing the Government. This situation was kept until the victory of the “Regeneração” movement, led by Saldanha (1851). After a brief service in Office (from which he exited in dismay) he would be elected Grand Master of the “Confederação Maçónica Portuguesa” (Freemasonry). At the same time he held office as “Provedor da Casa Pia de Lisboa” (1853-1856). King Pedro V asked him to form a new government as President of the Council of Ministers (Prime Minister) in 1856. This gave way to a new cycle in the Portuguese political scene where he became chief of the “Partido Histórico”.Thus keeping him at the head of Government in Portugal for about nine years. Namely between 1856-1859, 1860-1865 and 1869-1870. A follower of the principles of the “Regeneração” movement, which he helped himself to establish; aka the material and civilizational progress of the country; Loulé would develop a strenuous Government activity, achieving through his mandates to implement several measures which would create the foundations of a Modern State. The reforms carried out by the several Cabinets led by Loulé would enable the country to acquire modern ways of communication, either by road, or by railroad. Besides the notorious increment in public work, we must also stress out the development of statistical studies. Loulé was responsible for the first general census of the population (31st December 1863). In the field of Education and Instruction, important steps would be carried out to the increasing of primary teaching schools; the promotion of schools for girls; industrial and agricultural training; and last but not least the improvements in University, namely Coimbra and Lisbon polytechnic school. In the political-diplomatic field Loulé would endure many difficult situations either in the country or abroad. Namely the issue of the barge “Charles et Georges” which would oppose Portugal to the France of Napoleon III (an issue relating to the abolishment of the slave trade); and the issue of the sisters of charity (a confrontation between liberal ideology and catholic conservatives). In spite of all the setbacks relating to these issues Loulé has succeeded to limiting the damage which could have developed from a French ultimatum. The latter issue was happily concluded to the general satisfaction of the King and State. His moderate personality, which helped the creation of political understandings above the interests of the parties made him a major player when the Government of “Fusão” erupted, joining the moderate “históricos” with the “regeneradores”.This guaranteed a comfortable majority in Parliament, an indispensable tool to the approval of several executive reforms in view of the “material and moral developments of the peoples”; as well as solving the issue of public finances. Loulé’s latter government period in Office sounded promising, as he was able to attract along his ranks great names of his own party. Yet unexpectedly he was to be confronted with the coup of the “Saldanhada” (1870), which led the country to plunge into a dictatorship. In the last years of his life he was to be granted the life office of President of the upper House (1870-1872), from which he would demand his dismissal due to the logic of his principles, which were assuredly liberal. In 1875, during his funeral António Cândido would summarize the exceptional contribution of Loulé towards the consolidation of the Constitutional Monarchy regime: “…during his public life it depended greatly on his name and on his person the just balance of the traditions of the past and the aspirations of the future”.

MENESCAL, Ana Alice Miranda, Indigenous and Intellectuals: The indigenous issue in the Institute of Ceará (1887-1938), PhD in History: History and Culture of Brazil submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Carneiro de Campos Matos, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26033)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: During the XIXth century, Brazil has undergone several structural transformations and, in the government of D. Pedro II, one of the biggest challenges was the foundation of the national feeling as the main strategy to consolidate the History of Brazil. The same aspiration prowled the provinces, stimulating the creation of local Historical Institutes spread all over the country. The Historical Institute of Ceará, founded in 1887, was also created to acomplish this proposal of establishing the sense of belonging to this province. The hard natural conditions, the distance, the low economical potential and the existance of a multuracial society were some of the obstacles that prevented Ceara to occupy a prominent place in front of the imperial capital. Seeking for more political space in the government of D. Pedro II, the intellectuals from the Historical Institute of Ceara sought to overcome the difficulties reported by associating the idea of civilization to this province. Following the theories in vogue in Europe, these intellectuals from the Historical Institute of Ceará adopted the whitening thesis, despite all the evidences that registered the presence of a multiracial population; founding a local traditional history of Ceará based on the Idea that the indigenous population was completely extinct. However, the undeniable presence of the indigenous culture in Ceará society does not seem to come into compliance with the idea of the natives complete extinction, officially established in 1861. In general, the local traditional historiography follows the Historical Institute of Ceará precepts, but since the 1980 decade the indigenous populations that lives in Ceará emerged from a state of silencing and began to claim their existence back to the society. Thus, trying to understand and interpret the idea of the natives disappereance process, this thesis aims to analyze the portrait designed by the Historical Institute intellectuals about the indigenous people, between 1887 and 1938, submitted in the articles published in the Historical Institute of Ceará magazines, which presented a direct or an indirect approach around this issue. Starting from the production of six intellectuals related to the Historical Institute of Ceará, and analyzing their methodology and their theoretical background, it was made an effort to understand the construction of the history, of the memory and of the oblivion of the native populations in Ceara, and how all this production contributed to the comprehension that the cearense society has about the indigenous people and about itself.

MONTEIRO, Ivone de Fátima Brito, The Citizenship and the Indigenet: a sociopolitical and cultural confrontation in the Cape Verde colony (1820 to 1960), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Cunha Martins and Gabriel António Monteiro Fernandes, 2017 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/37481)

Keywords: Cape Verde; Indigent; Forced labour; Citizenship; Assimilation; Integration; Miscegenation; Colonization

Abstract: This study, titled The Citizenship and the Indigenet: a sociopolitical and cultural confrontation in the Cape Verde colony (1820 to 1960), problematizes the concept and status of Portuguese citizenship in the colony-province of Cape Verde, focusing mainly on the situation of the great mass of colonized, who lived mostly in the countryside of the islands and whose reality collided with the image created of the “people of Cape Verde”, which were considered as “assimilated” / “civilized” - “Portuguese citizens”, in an imbalance context between effective social exploitation, political practices, legislative activity, and colonial political discourse. This research aimed to identify the simultaneous political exercise of inclusion, exclusion and subjection conveyed by the notion of citizenship conceived in the light of principles of stratification, hierarchy and “specialty” of the colonized people; more specifically, it intended, to analyze the problems linked to the belief of the existence of a full Portuguese citizenship granted to all colonized Cape Verdeans since 1822 and to confront it with its alleged counterfactual - the “indigenous” - which occupied a prominent place in most of the political, legislative and administrative texts of the Portuguese colonies in Africa since the last quarter of the 19th century.

NADIR, Mohammed, The Diplomatic Relations between Portugal and Morocco. From the Treaty of Peace (1774) to the Protectorate (1912), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maciel Santos and José Manuel Azevedo e Silva, 2013 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/31139)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

OLIVEIRA, Joana Patrícia Damasceno Marques de, Cities of Sand: Construction of the Identity of the Colonial Imaginary in Southern Angola, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Álvaro Francisco Rodrigues Garrido and Ángel Rodriguez Gallardo, 2018

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/80527)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The distribution of African territories after the Berlin Conference created a new reality that depended on several factors: size, resources, internal politics, timing and opportunity. The Portuguese had to adapt to this new reality, shaping the practices of administration of the territory and beginning the construction of a new world. The present work is divided in the construction, fragmentation and permanence of a time and place, not only of an idea that involved the Portuguese from below and from beyond the sea, but in the very idea of humanity that has been modifying, throughout the Centuries. The present study intends to reconstitute the memory of this place, of the colonial universe, that has been metamorphosing and adapting to political regimes, economic cycles, mentalities and cultures. A ring of time that had its beginning and its end. Within history, this in particular depicts a microcosm re-created by sailors, fishermen and farmers in southern Angola, namely on the inhospitable and uninhabited coast, summarizing the history of two maritime communities in southern Angola: Mossâmedes and Porto Alexandre. The first part of the work is dedicated to the construction of an idea of Empire beginning in the second half of the 19th century and continuing in the 20th century. The second part of this study summarizes the interpretation of the various meanings of this world, the process of decolonization and remoteness, loss and pain. It is a work that involves and demands knowledge of History, Anthropology, Educational Sciences, Geography and Economics, a world of knowledge that has been difficult to unravel in order to reach the answer to the fundamental questions: What is the starting point of these Communities to places with such inhospitable and difficult features? What are the colonization processes? What is the persistence of these memories in the identity of these peoples? What identities have, however, been rebuilt?

PALMA, Patrícia Fátima Martins de Jesus, The Kingdom of Letters. Literary culture in peripheral area: Algarve, 1759-1910, PhD in Portuguese Studies: Book History and Textual Criticism submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by João Luís Lisboa and Artur Anselmo, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19076)

Keywords: Algarve - Portugal; Cultural appropriation; Elites and intellectual sociabilities; History of Culture; History of books and reading; Print; Periphery; Reading and writing habits; 18th-20th centuries

Abstract: This thesis studies the geographical and social expansion of the literary printed culture between the middle of the 18th century and the early 20th century. The analysis, discussing the concept of the periphery, aims to help increase knowledge about the contemporary cultural environment and encourage reflection about the concept of the cultural sphere created by the circulation of printed material. On the one hand, the local institutions and agents that enabled and made the printed culture available are researched, evaluating the motivations and intellectual resources behind them. On the other hand, based on the printed items in circulation, a study is carried out of the historical contexts and the specific practices of access to reading and writing, characterising the communities - real and imaginary - of readers who, together, but in different ways, designed the pattern of the nineteenth-century literary culture.

PAZ, Ana Luísa Fernandes, Teaching of Music in Portugal (1868-1930): A History of Pedagogy and Musical Imagination, PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó and Denice Barbara Catani, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/18383)

Keywords: Music vocational training; Cultural field; Music expertise; Musical careers; Genius

Abstract: I present an historical research about the Portuguese music vocational system, from 1868 to 1930. In that period, crossed by three different political regimes (monarchy, republic, military dictatorship), this education was expanded, both in the number and social origins of students enrolled. This was reflected in the conception of new pedagogical ideas and the presentation of the self, leading me to argue that our understanding about the rarefied access to the vocational training by musicians, composers and dilettanti, was forged in that period. Also, in my hypothesis, it kept the idea of genius has its main reference, constituting what I believe to be an invariant that can both imply the highest ideal of expectation, and the model from where forms of life were drawn. Although this research recovers other sources, (e.g., legislation, statistics, parliamentary debates, school archives, personal archives) it was built essentially upon: (i) expert monographs about music and its’ education; (ii) periodical press specialized in music, in education and in culture, arts and society. In this two sources, I tried do identify both texts or pedagogical actions, and biographical data on musicians that were active in this period. I used the theoretical tools extracted from the works of Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu to investigate the three main axes of the social action of the musician, always keeping the genius as its’ main horizon: the axis of speeches, where the knowledge that should orient the musical practice and it’s education was conceived; the axis of norms, where it can be observed how knowledge was made normative towards the behavior of future musicians; and the axis of action, where I try to understand how the speech was turned into effective practices, considering the available training opportunities.

PEREIRA, Augusto de Castro, The laborer in Northwestern Portugal (1834-1934): Guimarães and Viana do Castelo, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2010

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PEREIRA, Hugo José Silveira da Silva, The national railway policy (1845-1899), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/67281)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PEREIRA, José Manuel Morgado, Psychiatry in Portugal: protagonists and conceptual history (1884-1924), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Ana Leonor Pereira and João Rui Pita, 2016 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/29514)

Keywords: History of psychiatry in Portugal; Conceptual history; Alienists; History of science; History of diseases; Scientific culture

Abstract: The aim of this thesis is the study of Portuguese psychiatry in the period of its institutionalisation, which I mark out between 1884 and 1924, dates in which works were published that marked the evolution of a scientific discipline that was slowly constituted among us. I start by showing that in the historiography various approaches are differentiated, from the most traditional, valuing the medical and humanitarian progress, to the most critical, seeking to develop a social and institutional history, leaning to the social sciences and especially studying the alienism and the history of psychiatric institutions. This thesis is highly influenced by the work of German Berrios, who since the eighties has carried out a conceptual history, which is aimed at completing externalist approaches, starting from retelling of the classic psychopathology of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and showing the evolution of the concepts building up a cultural history of psychopathology. It also studies the process of formation of symptoms that arise from complex interactions between brain signals and semantic information. A synthesis of the international scientific and medical context shows the discoveries and medical advances, where besides biology, the study of the psychogenetic formulations led to passionate debates at the end of the century. The development process and the main characteristics in the national context were summarised, especially the role of the protagonists, the teaching forms, books and periodicals, crucial in scientific dissemination and disclosure. The legislation which was being published, the hospitals and its history, with regulations, published works reflecting the practices, intentions of reform, especially the reform of 1911 and the beginning of the official teaching of psychiatry, were analysed. Despite these advances, the legislation was poorly applied and new institutions, asylums and agricultural colonies were not built. The protagonists, their published ideas and works, constitute one of the main chapters of this thesis, showing the differences and diversity of interests, sometimes marked between them, regardless of their historical time, crossed by conflicts and social and political crises, but wealthy in terms of ideas. If in the first phase Miguel Bombarda and Júlio de Matos are dominant heralds of scientific and philosophical currents of the nineteenth century, in the second phase of the review period, with Egas Moniz and Sobral Cid, new ideas emerged in what concerns the relationship between neurology and psychiatry, disclosing a more psychological and psychotherapeutic attitude with new classifications and authors. The approach to symptoms and diseases is another major chapter in which different ideas and authors intersect, bringing about conceptual changes that are driven by new discoveries and by the influences of foreign literature. Here important Portuguese works also appear, which are cited in foreign books and magazines, mainly in France. It was found in detail how, from the analysed diseases, emerged an evolutive plurality, which brought about diseases, syndromes, symptoms and pathologisations, justifying a constructionist perspective, after Berrios, with decomposition, fragmentation, restoration or maintenance of terms with changes of their content. Works in psychopathology and in the psychiatric field are also listed, some with refreshing meaning, coming from the psychodynamic movement and psychology, as well as from philosophy, which ideologically influenced mental illness, regardless of the degree of further importance, but that extended the understanding of the psychopathological fact. In what concerns therapeutics, institutional therapeutics are included, emphasizing the central importance of asylum, the implementation of which suffered major delays and limitations, and at the final period failed attempts to build clinics and agricultural colonies. The moral treatment, from the first half of the nineteenth century, but sometimes used later in time, is the subject of analysis, as well as hydrotherapy, a treatment of choice as it appears in the books of António Sena and Júlio de Matos. Drug therapies are then studied, resorting to foreign and domestic books and forms, reflecting the evolution of practices and knowledge, and its main uses, with preponderance for hypnotics and sedatives. As for psychotherapy, it is present at the end of the period under study, mostly in references from French authors, with the therapies of suggestion and persuasion. In conclusion, psychiatry was constituted as a medical specialty in 1911, with the official teaching ending a campaign that had begun in the 1880s. Initially closely linked to physiology and to pathological-anatomy, it was slowly enriched with the more understanding attitude that recognised the importance of a psychological approach. After the psychodynamic movement, as the attention to the most diverse forms of residential care and treatment were already emerging, multidisciplinarity and a more integrative biological vision emerged.

PEREIRA, Lucília dos Santos Nunes, The Municipality of Lamego (1799-1851): Elites and Local Government, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Tourism Heritage and Culture of the Universidade Portucalense, supervised by Ana Sílvia Albuquerque Nunes, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/11328/575)

Keywords: Lamego; Municipality; Local government; Elites; Old Regime; Liberalism

Abstract: In nineteenth century, dominated by a major reforms of the political system and the politico-institutional crisis, the administrative institutions and their local municipalities become active agents of participation and collaboration with the State, and so they can respond to emerging problems, because it is in these counties that the State will create their bases, both with regard to assessment and collection of revenues, either in the administration of the region where it operates or through the contact and relationship with the local population. Representing the Boards a link between the Centre and the Periphery, between Central and Local Government, becomes of paramount importance to know what constitutes a political power of those, who gives voice to the community where they are located, who defends the interests of this community before the reigning monarch and what degree of assurance that they have to the people it represents. Given the important role of these municipalities under the Portuguese history and wanting to contribute to a better understanding of local political reality experienced in the first half of the nineteenth century, focusing our study in the municipality of Lamego, since at that time, have been a city of great importance both politically and institutional in the province of Beira, lining up this analysis in two distinct periods: the late of Old Regime (1799-1834) and the first years of Liberalism, after civil war (18341851). In the first period was done an innovative study about the election process and the ruling elite having as a main concern, knowing who rules Lamego municipality being consulted, for this purpose, the roles of eligible voters and the constitution of the municipal power to know who play the municipal office. At the same time, it was done a socio-institutional characterization of the dominant elites using the parochial data records. In the second period, we tried to analyze under the current liberal laws, the entire electoral process on the official city workers, doing much as possible, a socio-institutional characterization of the new elites and establish a relationship between the Old Regime and Liberalism having been consulted, due to the lack of electoral guidelines, the Books of the Town Council and Parochial Data Records. The conclusions reached show that in Lamego, the differences between the Old Regime and Liberalism are related, essentially, under the current laws, with the electoral process and the sharing of power between the nobles and burghers keeping, in everything else, a Municipality of Lamego traditionalist and poorly diversified.

PILOTO, Maria Adelina de Azevedo, The Municipality of Vila do Conde and Brazil - Emigration and Return (1865-1913), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Coelho de Meireles Pereira, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53887)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PINHEIRO, Geraldo Pantaleão Sá Peixoto, Press, Politics and Ethnicity: Portuguese Literates in the Amazonia (1885-1936), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2012

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PINTO, Hélder Bruno Miranda, Mathematics at the Academia Politécnica do Porto, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Luís Manuel Ribeiro Saraiva, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8653)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This thesis presents a study of the Mathematics that was produced and taught in the Academia Politécnica do Porto (APP). This institution was founded in 1837 by Passos Manuel, and became an important school in the Portuguese higher education context, mainly because it was the first school dedicated to Engineering outside the military context - it should be highlighted that Mathematics occupied a central role in its curricula. This work is divided in three parts: - The first part is a comprehensive study of the Academia Real de Marinha e Comércio da Cidade do Porto, an institution created in 1803 and that formally preceded the APP. In this part, it is presented a survey of the Mathematics teaching staff, the existing courses and their programs, and a description of the library is made, as well as of the two classes that preceded it: the Aula de Náutica (1762) and the Aula de Debuxo e Desenho (1779).- In the second part, the Mathematics taught in the APP is presented, with special emphasis on three relevant moments of its history: its creation in 1837, the profound reform of 1885, and the transition to the Universidade do Porto in 1911. A description of the evolution of its disciplines, its programs and its courses is presented as well as a detailed study of its lecturers. - The third part consists of a comprehensive analysis of the possible reasons that lead the important Portuguese mathematician Gomes Teixeira to move from the Universidade de Coimbra to the APP in 1884. Besides the family reasons that appear in the traditional historiography, other significant facts which may have contributed to this transition are presented, such as: the existence of some conflicts within the Faculdade de Matemática at that time and his friendship with Wenceslau de Lima (also lecturer of the APP), who was responsible for the approval of the important reform of 1885 in the Parliament, soon after Gomes Teixeira became a Professor in APP.

PINTO, Maria de Fátima Machado Martins, Popular libraries in Portugal: Practices and representations - outlines of a mission (1870-1930), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/28321)

Keywords: Scholarly library; Popular library; Public reading; Practices; Representations

Abstract: This thesis concerning public libraries in Portugal (1870-1930) is a contribution to understanding the popular/scholarly dichotomous concept that has marked the existence of libraries, in a period when a free and republican society was being built anchored on popular education. Created by D. António da Costa in 1870, with the purpose of improving elementary education and providing domiciliary reading, public libraries gathered some human and material resources, made available by central and local administration, but never achieved their previously legislated original purposes. Both economic and political reasons, as well as a mentality resistant to change and opposing cultural progress, justify the narrow success of this initiative, our purpose being to rebuild its trajectory by mapping and documenting, aiming to track the connection to local libraries and understating why such paradigm persisted during the First Republic, when other models of libraries more adjusted to the contemporary reality were already in progress. What did, in fact, distinguish popular libraries? Who were their public? How far did they accomplish the purpose of reading dissemination? These questions constitute our main research, developed around two focal points, representations and practices, using sources and records so varied and scattered as the object of our study. The fragmentation and scarcity of information justifies the parallel with other public libraries, in order to answer the above mentioned questions and hypothesis. Researchers Michel de Certeau, Roger Chartier and Pierre Bourdieu, among others, provided important tools to build the theoretical structure that informs the problematic approach. No reciprocity was found between the speeches dichotomy and the practices: public libraries couldn’t respond to the original purpose of their creation and such failure was mitigated by libraries classified as erudite, revealing circulation concepts and culture in the plural. Likewise our research ascertained the establishment of an attempt of reading guidance to a most disadvantaged public, with a poorly defined profile, and suggested an instrumentalization of the original idea of popular library.

PINTO, Marta Pacheco, Translating the oriental other: The configuration of the female figure in the Portuguese literature of the turn-of-the-century (António Feijó and Wenceslau de Moraes), PhD in Translation Studies submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by João Ferreira Duarte and Helena Carvalhão Buescu, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8873)

Keywords: Orientalism; Cultural translation; Feminization; Far East; Otherness; Exoticism; António Feijó; Wenceslau de Moraes

Abstract: This study focuses on the literary configuration of the Far East woman in the work of two turn-of-the-century Portuguese authors, namely in the collection of translated poems titled Cancioneiro chinez (1890, 1903) by António Feijó (1859-1917) and the books published by Wenceslau de Moraes (1854-1929). Our point of departure consists of inscribing the selected corpus within a discursive practice that has already been analyzed in critical studies on the Islamic Orient in the context of the Anglo-French tradition of literary Orientalism: the orientalist rhetoric of feminization of the Orient. Drawing on Edward Said’s 1978 legacy, our study concentrates on the literary geography of the Far East (China and Japan) at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth century. The orientalist characteristics identified in the aforementioned corpus converge in the feminization of that Orient, which we understand as an integral part of the phenomenon of cultural translation. Based on different relational modes with the Far East, the corpus illustrates an aesthetic apprehension of that geoculture through the female figure. This figure establishes a relationship of continuity with the space she represents and symbolizes, in which the European idea of the Orient, of gender difference, and of female body is implied. The analysis is organized around three key phrases: orientalism, cultural translation and feminization of the Orient. Formally, the dissertation is divided into two distinct parts: one theoretical-conceptual, which elaborates on each of those key phrases, and a second one, which provides our analysis of the literary corpus. This analysis explores imagery and metaphorical networks and their aesthetic-ideological implications for the understanding of the asymmetries and ambiguities linking turn-of-the-century Portugal to the Far East. We expect our analysis of the literary aestheticization of the Far East to contribute to a broader understanding of the turn-of-the-century phenomenon of literary Orientalism, which relies on a process of cultural translation.

PINTO, Sérgio Filipe Ribeiro, Servants of God and Caesar's employees. The parish clergy as a social and professional «class» (1882-1917), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Reis and Maurilio Guasco, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10821)

Keywords: Parish clergy; Liberalism; Secularization; Separation of Church and State; Clergy pensions; Portugal (19th and 20th centuries)

Abstract: Given the social and administrative responsibilities of parish clergymen during the constitutional monarchy, Portugal’s process of deconfessionalization brought about, alongside matters of a political nature, deep changes to the way they defined themselves and their duties. This transformation corresponded to the clergy’s wish for greater autonomy and to the reinforcement of episcopal control in the context of the «Romanization». The Catholic Church saw itself as an independent institution -separate from the State and free from the influence of political parties -, the sole authority in charge of organizing and guiding the clergy. This dissertation examines both the parish priests’ discourses and the institutions they led during this significant change in their institutional framework by focusing on two fundamental issues: their identity and their livelihood. In other words, it surveys the clergymen’s internal struggles and debates over the shift from a dual condition - as spiritual ministers and public employees - to the symbolic unity of their religious condition.

PISTOLA, Renato José Bogalho Jorge da Silva, Between Mutualism and Capitalism. The Paths of Montepio Geral (1840-1930), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Adriano de Ascensão Pires Ventura, 2018

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PORTUGUÊS, Ernesto Pedreira Rodrigues, Monsignor Airosa - Pedagogical-entrepreneur: History of the Colégio de Regeneração of Braga (1869-1931), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Justino Pereira de Magalhães, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/17943)

Keywords: Educational institution; Regeneration; Boarding school-company; Self-employment; Educator-entrepreneur

Abstract: “Monsenhor Airosa - Pedagogo-empresário. História do Colégio de Regeneração de Braga - 1869-1931” is the story of a secular educational institution for young women that aimed at moral and professional regeneration of the students, with a boarding school-company system and applying a pedagogical model of education and work. This institution sheltered young women, who were frail and in a situation of abandonment and social exclusion, namely for extreme poverty reasons, orphanhood or prostitution. It was a Catholic institution whose educational, labor and moral organization was entrusted to the Third Dominican Sisters, under the guidance of Monsignor Airosa, who founded it and headed it between 1869 and 1931. The institution was founded in 1869 by a priest, Father Airosa, which put in place a bold and innovative project. It all began with a shelter home (Casa d’Abrigo) that in a few years was transformed into a college-boarding school with valences of alphabetic instruction, vocational training and a production workshop. By investing in his dual role of educator and entrepreneur, Father Airosa, meanwhile elevated to Monsignor, oriented its action on different fronts: ensuring socio-communitarian representation to confer legitimacy to the plan - which he obtained by integrating representatives of the local elite in the board and through continued action with the political power and the periodical press; installing with dignity the College; trust tutoring to a religious congregation dedicated to the female; implementing and monetizing a workshop that involved a cost-effective activity that constituted a selfproduction in the domestic regime. The activity of weaving and embroidery seemed the most appropriate. So, Father Airosa traveled and experienced the mechanization of weaving as a professional. He imported modern looms (Jacquard looms) and transformed the workshop of the Colégio de Regeneração into a reference company. As educator-entrepreneur, he implemented a comprehensive teaching model, in boarding school-workshop system, with the aim of regenerating the students, empowering them by education, work and religion. This thesis is part of the History of Educational Institutions, covering the period between 1869 and 1931, corresponding to the direction of Monsignor Airosa (founder). The structure follows a perspective of institutional history. The theme, the issue, the ideals, the norms, the experiences are set in historical, anthropological and socio-political transition context of the nineteenth century and first decades of the twentieth century. An archive was created, where are gathered about 10,000 documents and a little over 2,000 works, all collected within the House (Casa d’Abrigo). Here is explained the archive; a diachronic overview of the functionality and organic of the Institution-company (Casa d’Abrigo / Colégio da Regeneração) is drawn; the biography of the founder is (re) written; the complex educational process of regeneration is systematized, embodied in an active (instruction and work), educational and spiritual pedagogy, entrusted to the Dominican Sisters; testimonies and life stories are used as traces of internality and educational appropriation; external sources and depositions taken from the periodical press are systematized as the gaze of the others and as evidence. In the thesis, it is historicized and supported the argument of an institution for training / education (re) generative, confessional, self-productive and “transfigurative”, which gave way on the materiality and pedagogy of school-enterprise.

POUSINHO, Nuno Manuel Camejo Carriço, Blacks and Whites. Liberalism and caciquismo in the district of Castelo Branco (1852-1910), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Luís Nuno Espinha da Silveira, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20277)

Keywords: Caciquismo; Elections; Castelo Branco; Vaz Preto Geraldes; Tavares de Almeida Proença; Constitutional Monarchy; Political History

Abstract: Research on caciquismo in Portugal during the Constitutional Monarchy is practically inexistent, whereas in Spain it is possible to draw a fairly accurate picture of the importance of the caciques in the political life during the Borbonic Restoration period (1874-1923), thanks to studies that have been carried out for several decades. On the contrary, in Portugal the works about the political elites of the periphery have been framed in the context of the municipalities, essentially falling upon the analysis of the social origin of town-councillors, neglecting their role as political and electoral influents. The dissertation presented here tries to break with this situation and has the aim of studying the political activity of the chiefs of two families - the Vaz Preto Geraldes and the Tavares de Almeida Proença - influents in the Beira Baixa region, in the second half of the nineteenth century. Traditionally a major political preponderance is recognised to these two families which gave rise to two factions known as «pretos» (Blacks) and «brancos» (Whites), to whom the control of the municipal councils, the indication of the civil governor, the manipulation of the electoral acts, the choice of national members of parliament and the conditioning of government action in their areas of influence are attributed. In spite of the apparent evidences, there has not been published any study on their real power. Furthermore, what is proposed is the analysis of the origin of this power, how they exerted it, the patronage networks they established, the relations with the central power, the political evolution of these tendencies and the particularities of the local political life.

QUARESMA, António Martins, The Mira river in the port system of Alentejo's coast (1851-1918), PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Ana Cardoso de Matos and João Carlos Garcia, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/16313)

Keywords: Alentejo Coast; Mira river; Ports

Abstract: This dissertation analyzes the portuary worth of the Mira river embedded in the system of the Alentejo coast ports (Southwest Portugal), during the period between 1851 and 1918. Under the assumption that the small ports and coastal navigation played an essential role, which was only recently valued by historiography, this study seeks to evaluate its real dimension. The micro analysis is the theoretical premise that informs the historical approach to the topic, but it does not do without the “game of scales” that puts into context and exceed the merely local or individual. It focuses on the usual triptych port system - port itself, hinterland and foreland - taking into account economical, technical, institutional and socio-cultural factors and seeking to clarify the role and importance of the Mira river within regional and national outlooks, as well as the transformations and persistences which were included during the period studied.

REIS, Maria José da Cunha Porém, Reading the signs: The signs of the foundlings of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa (1790-1870), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Nuno Gonçalo Monteiro and Isabel dos Guimarães Sá, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25146)

Keywords: Assistance; Foundling; Token; Misericórdias; “Wheel”

Abstract: Through the little written scarp of paper and other objects, generally known as Tokens, left with the children in the moment they were left at Lisbon’s Santa Casa da Misericórdia foundling wheel between 1790 and 1870, we want to understand the reasons of those who abandoned the children. It is of our interest, to study children’s abandonement, usually known as foundlings or abandoned, by mothers’s, fathers’s, both or the families’s point of view. In these years more than one hundred sixty thousand children entered SCML. Almost half brought a Token that distinguished them from others. What these papers say, the concerns they denounce, the descriptions they make, the reasons they evoke, give these little documents an extraordinary relevance. For the first time, we will look at them focusing on: a) what they say; b) what they say or what they want to say beyond what is written in order to understand the events and the Portuguese XIX century’s society.

REVEZ, Ricardo Manuel Casadinho, The Idea of National Decadence in Fialho de Almeida, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Fernando Marques Ribeiro Reis, 2010

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This thesis seeks to analyse the omnipresent idea of national decadence in the thought developped by the writer Fialho de Almeida (1857-1911) on the different sectors of Portuguese life at the end of the 19th century: health, politics, institutions, diplomacy, society, culture and mentalities. It’s a recurring idea among the Portuguese intellectuals since, at least, the 16th century, although it had a notorious recrudescence between the beginning of the 19th century and the 1930s of the 20th century. Our main purpose is double: to study his thought not only in its diagnosis perspective, but also in the therapeutic one. In fact, Fialho didn’t limited himself to the realization of a decadent country and to his criticism and presented several proposals aiming its regeneration. Due to their importance for a better understanding of Fialho’s thought, his biography and some aspects of his personality are also examined.

RIBEIRO, Paula Raquel da Silva Patriarca de Oliveira Paiva, Children's Books in Portugal between 1870 and 1940 - a Historical Perspective, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Meireles Pereira and Blanca-Ana Roig Rechou, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/67247)

Keywords: Contemporary History of Portugal; Youth Literature (Portugal: 1870-1940); History of the Book; Education in Portugal; Constitutional monarchy; 1st Republic; New state

Abstract: The books intended for children and juvenile readers emerged in Portugal, consistently and with some visibility, in the late nineteenth century, developing as an important phenomenon in the transmission of educational and moralizing contents, traditions and collective memories, from one generation to the other. Embodying a didactic and a playful role, both inherent to the act of reading, and opening countless scenarios of enchantment and imagination, these books will be called out to meet another purpose as tools of ideological, moral and behavioral education, effectively used by the different political regimes that exercised power in Portugal between 1870 and 1940. Children’s and juvenile books appear embedded with the code of moral values, as well as the political, cultural and socioeconomic conceptions of each time frame, and seem intended not only to perpetuate, but also and most importantly, to establish social templates or models deemed to be assimilated at young age.

RIGAUD, João-Heitor, João Arroyo (1861-1930) - The Man and his Work: Civic Dimension and Musical Activity, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Coelho de Meireles Pereira, 2012

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

ROMÃO, Miguel Lopes, “Perverted, Dubious and Improved”: Prison, Exile and Penitentiary Thinking in Portugal (1820-1936), PhD in Law: Legal History submitted to the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Pedro Barbas Homem, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/9688)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SANTANA, Flávio Carreiro de, Majestic Education: family and civility in the Second Kingdom of Brazil (1840-1889), PhD in Identity, Practices and Representations of the Contemporary World submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Irene Maria de Montezuma de Carvalho Mendes Vaquinhas, 2014

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/24234)

Keywords: History; Civility; Family; Private Life; Empire of Brazil

Abstract: Civility, politeness, courtesy, urbanity, "savoir-vivre", "world tract", "good manners"... Many were the terms used to represent a recent social code in Brazil, figured as a practice in the late eighteenth century, but surely expanding in the nineteenth century. The various senses has accompanied, at once in time, varied meanings acclimated in the empire: if in Europe civility was a historical mark, accompanied by refinement of manners since Antiquity, and with greater force during modernity, it was novelty in nineteenth-century Brazil. Reasons were not lacking: the transfer of the Portuguese royal family, the headquarters of the crown and a good part of his nobility; Brazilian political emancipation; the beginning of two reigns with short regency interval. If the political landscape and the time were of change for Brazil, should also be its practices, judged as something that should undergo improvements, not only by the desire to civilize, as per the requirement to do so. After all, if society had its grammar, it was urgent to study it, and there was no better school than private life, neither better teacher to teach it that own family. In it consists our attention: understanding how it relates, during the Second Empire in Brazil, the family with the code of civility, in a time of bourgeois marks, and no more courtesans, although tropically enslaver.

SANTOS, Elsa Henriques Rita, Representation of the past and representation of History. Historical drama, context and mediation time, PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Zília Osório de Castro, 2010

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SANTOS, José Nuno Casanova Borja, The importance of statistics in the emergence of Portuguese Psychiatry of the 19th Century, PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by José Luís Toivola Câmara Leme and Isabel Maria da Silva Pereira Amaral, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17104)

Keywords: Historyof Medicine; Statistics; Portugal; Psychiatry; 19th century

Abstract: We will consider how applicable Ian Hacking’s theory about the evolution of statistical methods in Europe is to the emergence of that discipline in Portugal, with particular regard to the psychiatric bibliography and development of the first national asylum, the Hospital of Rilhafoles. This analysis aims to include both the bibliography of Portuguese psychiatry and the archives of Hospital de Rilhafoles, and intends to evaluate the existence of a potential feedback effect of statistical thinking upon the institution’s scientific output and the scientific development and provision of assistance to the mentally ill in Portugal. Though not strictly historical, Hacking’s theory falls within a time frame that overlaps with our period of interest. Besides, it is focused mostly in France (the main cultural influence of Portugal at that time), at least in what concerns to statistics birth. Hence, we will focus on the following hypothesis: were Portuguese psychiatrists of that time equipped with statistical knowledge that according to Hacking was already in wide use abroad, particularly in France and England, to inform the recently developed system of classifying mental illnesses? We therefore aim to verify whether the milestones in the development of statistical thinking proposed by Hacking also occurred within the Portuguese psychiatry during this part of the nineteenth century. This work will acknowledge and praise the importance of the statistical method in the operation of the Hospital of Rilhafoles, the first hospital for the insane in Portugal that closed its doors in 2012, and furthermore fill the gap in the history of Portuguese psychiatry of the nineteenth century, showing new directions on the study of the emergence of new scientific disciplines.

SEIXAS, Ana Margarida Pires, Individual and work in Portuguese law (1750-1878): Slave, freedman and servant, PhD in Law: Legal History submitted to the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Eduardo Vera-Cruz Pinto, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/9306)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SEMEDO, Victor Manuel Eugénio, Implementation of the ideals of the revolutions of 1820 and 1910 in the Portuguese overseas: Cape Verde, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Tourism Heritage and Culture of the Universidade Portucalense, supervised by Humberto Baquero Moreno, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/11328/595)

Keywords: Cape Verde; Liberalism; Exercise of power; Religion

Abstract: This present work seeks to study the impact or impacts that the liberal revolutions had in Cape Verde. The work makes us understand: the before, the during and the afterwards of the revolutions, which, in fact alters, the ideals that the liberals believe in. However, we understand the alterations in the social and political institutions that took place from the victory of the liberals between 1834 to 1911. In the oversea countries, more precisely in Cape Verde, liberalism provoked the end of slavery, introduced elections as a way of legitimizing power, widening the social base of recruitment of chosen localities as well as representation at the level of the Congress or of the Parliament of the Portuguese Nation. We establish that all the liberal processes culminate when the republicans, in the sequence when the change of regime happened in October 1910, obtained the detachment of the Church from the State, naturally, to the creation of a secular state, permitting religious liberty. The ideals of the revolutions of 1820 and 1910 were installed in the archipelago through peaceful means. The inhabitants of Cape Verde received in good faith all the innovations introduced, both in the administrative sector and in the political institutions.

SILVA, Ana Isabel Coelho Pires da, Social assistance in Portugal in the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910): from political doctrine to practice in Alto Alentejo, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Antónia Lopes, 2018 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/80365)

Keywords: Social care; Foundlings; Helpless children; Hospitals; Holy houses of mercy

Abstract: The present work consists of a study on the doctrine and practice of social assistance in Portugal during the period of the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910), with a concrete focus on Alto Alentejo (Portuguese statistical sub-region, part of the Alentejo region, corresponding to the entire district of Portalegre and comprising fifteen municipalities). The purpose is to analyze the political-ideological doctrine in Portugal during the mentioned period in the field of social assistance (thought, legislation, administrative and institutional structures and agents), while taking into account the role of the public and the private sectors, this one only in its institutional manifestations (particular initiatives of an informal nature are not considered), and to verify how this doctrine was applied in the case of the Portalegre district of Alentejo, in two large areas of assistance intervention, child and youth care, and health care. The main question that guided the research was to know how was the doctrine applied in the specific region of Alto Alentejo, considering the relation between the public and the private. This research is based on a variety of documentary sources, handwritten and printed, produced mainly by public entities, but also by private entities and contemporary authors of the period under study. The dissertation is structured in six chapters, the first three of which are of an introductory nature and include the state of the art, the presentation of the conceptual and legislative framework for the tutelary organs and the public assistance competences in Portugal in the period under analysis, and the characterization of the Alto Alentejo region, from the demographic, economic and social points of view. Chapters 4 and 5 elaborate on the theme under study, depicting the two major areas of social assistance in terms of investment in thought, political, administrative and financial, child and youth care, and health care. The first includes the aid to the foundlings, abandoned and unprotected children, the helpless child asylums and the School/Agricultural Colony of Vila Fernando. The second includes assistance in hospitals and through municipal health parties, as well as relief in situations of particular illness or disability, especially epidemics, tuberculosis and blindness. The analysis always takes into account, on one hand, the confrontation between theory and practice, i.e. between what was legislated and regulated versus the effective actions; and, on the other hand, the public, private or mixed ownership of the assistance. In the last chapter, taking into account what was previously outlined, the goal is to clarify relative roles of the State and the private sector in the assistance, making a final comparative analysis between theory and practice and pointing out some particularities detected in the case of Alto Alentejo.

SILVA, Cristiana Isabel Lucas, Representations of the foreigner in Portuguese culture (1750-1950): National identity in confrontation, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Ernesto Saturnino Dá Mesquita Castro Leal and José Eduardo Franco, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36274)

Keywords: Foreigner; National identity; Resentment; Myth; Scapegoat

Abstract: Starting from the hypothesis that national identity is built on a confrontational dynamic, our study intends to examine the representations of the Foreigner in emblematic texts of the Portuguese culture from the 18th to 20th Centuries, considering the principle that, depending on the context and typology (exogenous or endogenous foreigner), the Foreigner can be seen as the enemy to be fought and eliminated, or a model to be emulated. This analysis will be complemented by a reading of the Foreigner according to a structure of resentment and a scapegoat mechanism. It will be understood that only through an exegesis of the long-term representations of the Foreigner can we understand the efficacy and mobilizing force of certain myths engendered about a particular foreigner, their evolution over time and the way they have been instrumentalized in different contexts.

SILVA, Ivo Pereira da, Political Anticlericalism in the Brazilian Parliament (1868-1891), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Catroga Fernando, 2018

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/83607)

Keywords: Anticlericalism; State; Church; Secularization; Secularism

Abstract: The main purpose of this dissertation is the analysis of anticlericalism in the political debates waged during the 1868-1891 period at the Brazilian Parliament, which culminated with the implementation of State and Church separation in 1890. The initial purpose was to understand the nature of political anticlericalism going on at the Parliament, who the main players were and what external and internal factors were in place to lead the latter to embrace such cause. Moreover, the purpose was also to understand how the implementation of the secular State took place during the republican period. Hence we examined the parliamentary debates that took place at the two legislative houses (the House of Representatives and the Imperial Senate), and perpetuated in their annals. We also checked a great variety of other contemporary witnesses, both handwritten and for the most part printed, such as: laws, decrees, bills, legal advices, reports, letters, books, bulls, iconography, periodicals, etc. At the period under scrutiny we found that at the root of an enhancing of the tension between the clergy, the Freeemasonry and the “radicals” was the increase of ultramontanism both inside and outside the Parliament, together with the emergence and the increased strength of liberal and republican political radicalism. As a result of that, between the State and the Church arose the harshest clash ever - known as “the issue of bishops” -, which led the “radicals” to step up the struggle for implementation of the anticlerical agenda. Together with political radicalism, the bishops issue exacerbated the tension and conflict with the Roman Catholic Church and the Imperial State of the Second Reign, and it brought about an anticlerical agenda quite ahead of the times, and even more radical than the anti-jesuitism and anti-congregationism experience in the preceding period. A reformist agenda started being promoted, one that advocated: separation of Church and state, civil marriage, civil registration, secularization of cemeteries, secular school, heavy-handed control and several other restrictions on religious orders, political equality for catholics and a-catholics alike. As a matter of fact, unlike the French and the Portuguese anticlerical agenda, which championed the secular school as a priority, the biggest brands of Brazilian anticlerical agenda were the separation and the civil marriage issues, above all due to the civil rights of a-catholic immigrants. As result of that, with the implementation of the Republic in 1889 - as a consequence of deep political, economic, social and military transformations underway since the decade of 1860 -, anti-clerical republicans and radical liberals undertook without significant resistance considerable efforts to implement the anticlerical agenda. It was through the Interim Government’s bills, and through the 1891 Constitution, that the Republic - drawing upon the US model of Church and State separation, and upon the Southern European Catholic countries’ tradition of liberal anti-jesuitism and anticongregationism - managed to establish a secular State.

SILVA, José Alberto Teixeira Rebelo da, The Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon (1779-1834): Science and Hybridism in a European periphery, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Ana Isabel da Silva Araújo Simões, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/17942)

Keywords: Academy; Appropriation; Periphery; Hybridism; Polysemy

Abstract: The Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon has occupied a subsidiary place, sometimes barely ornamental, or even totally absent, in the historical narrative in general and, in the history of science in particular. This dissertation aims at reversing this state of affairs by characterizing the process of production and organization of science in a European periphery which was orchestrated by the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, in the period since its foundation in 1779, to its first statutory amendment, in 1834. This goal was achieved pursuing the following thematic axes. First, by determining the social-professional universe of its members and its evolution during the first fifty years of existence. Secondly, by combining these results with the different academic programmatic lines that emerge from the analysis of both the non-periodic printed texts, and the Academy´s regular publication, “History and Memories of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon”. And finally, by the analysis of the prize competition programs implemented by the Academy, the technical and scientific committees in which the Academy was involved in, as well as its technical and scientific advisory role, which enables to clarify the relationship forged by the Academy with power and government structures. Based on the evidence collected, the following conclusions ensue: a) the structure and programmatic practices of the Academy resulted from processes of appropriation and transformation of existing programs and models of production and organization of knowledge, dependent on the social and political context in which the Academy emerged; b) the Academy social and professional context, and specifically its generational make-up and reproduction, initially marked by a context of end of Old Regime, induced a concomitant shift in the respective programmatic options; and finally c) the Academy´s European peripheral status, together with its colonial centrality enables to explain both its network of Luso-Brazilian members as well as its programmatic profile. In conclusion, the first fifty years of the Royal Academy of Sciences were characterized by a programmatic hybridism, behind which stood a polysemic understanding of "Sciences" which were the Academy´s object. These idiosyncratic characteristics account for the multifarious outlooks of its evolving programmatic nature: Economic society, medical society, government agency were the successive faces of these different transfigurations that marked the programmatic route of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Lisbon in the first fifty years of its existence.

SILVA, Maria Isabel Carvalho Corrêa da, The Fraternal Mirror: Brazil in the discourse of Portuguese republicanism (c.1889 - c.1914), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Rui Ramos, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7373)

Keywords: Portugal; Brazil; Republicanism; Political discourse; Political culture; Portuguese community in Brazil; Emigration; Counter-revolution

Abstract: This project involves discovering and understanding how the example of the Brazilian Republic (1889) was interpreted and incorporated into the republican discourse from the propaganda period to the moment of legal consolidation of the I Portuguese Republic (1911). The research suggests that the Brazilian model was not effectively submitted to a consistent analysis or to a critical observation by the Portuguese republicans. However it was repeatedly used as a rhetorical device in political opposition to the Constitutional Monarchy: mainly for demagogic purposes or propaganda. Two main explanations were identified for this: 1) the ideas of republic that each political project sustained were fundamentally different (Brazilian republicanism closer to the north-American liberalism, Portuguese republicanism closer to the radical French model); 2) the political context and cultures that gave birth to each movement were also very distinct. The Brazilian conservative and elitist republic failed to serve as a good mirror to the Portuguese republicans, who nourished a project of a cultural revolution for Portuguese society. But the image of a sister republic as stimulus to the public opinion could not be wasted. Portuguese community in Brazil played a crucial role in this mainly instrumental dimension: this community presented itself as an exemplary model of civic mobilization although it was clearly monarchic and anti-republican. And yet after 1910 the Portuguese Republic could not sustain its discourse of a Luso-Brazilian fraternity without the support of these Portuguese emigrants, while it was the international prestige of the new regime that was at stake. Therefore, between 1910 e 1914, the Portuguese diplomacy faced a serious challenge on appeasing the counter-revolutionary impulses of Portuguese talassas (monarchist) in Brazil.

SILVESTRE, Susana Marta Delgado Pinheiro, The Count of Farrobo, the action and patronage in the nineteenth century, PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by José Esteves Pereira, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12291)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Joaquim Pedro Quintela do Farrobo, second Baron of Quintela and first Count of Farrobo, an eminent and uncommon Person of the eighteen eighties reaches special prominence as a protector and fosterer of the arts and sciences in Portugal during Liberalism. The core of this Thesis consists in investigating the main actions and ideas of the Count as far as cultural development is concerned, bearing in mind the contradictions and the political and institutional goals of that peculiar time. He stands out as one of the most important and significant maecenas of the late nineteenth century, by creating his own space, in which the source of the contemporary scientific and artistic project can be found and by always trying to get the best out of the past.

SUBTIL, Carlos Louzada Lopes, Health and nurses between vintismo and regeneration: 1821-1852, PhD in Nursing: History and Philosophy of Nursing submitted to the Institute of Health Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Margarida da Silva Vieira, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/18295)

Keywords: History; 19th Century; Public Health; History of nursing

Abstract: In this study we proceeded to the presentation and discussion of the documentary corpus that allowed the gathering of elements for the history of public health in Portugal between the liberal revolution of 1820 and the regenerating movement of 1852 and the lines of continuity and rupture of the "ancien régime". Using the methodology of historical research, we use various archival sources constituted mainly by collections of legislation, the content of General and Extraordinary Courts (1821-1822) and the Chamber of Deputies (1822-1852) journals, and the collections of accounts, budgets and documents submitted by the Minister of finance to the Courts (1836-1852). Other sources were also consulted to gather information on the archaeology of the practice and identity discourses of nurses at the end of the "Ancien Régime". The analysis of the material collected allows highlighting the "Science of medical police" as a founder and structuring element of the public health policy, doing the Public Health Council genealogy and identifying the advances, hesitations and resistances to the building of a public health system, the definition of its structure, organization and intervention fields. In a social framework of misery and underdevelopment and in scenery of permanent political and institutional conflicts, epidemics, the exposed, the burials in churches, the surveillance of marginal groups and the hygiene of public spaces, are identified as some of the major public health problems. It is also mentioned, the main health agents who intervened in the sanitary control of ports, within the Kingdom and in hospitals; the regulatory processes of the main professions and the measures implemented to promote their formation. Among these professions, we identify the guidelines that characterize the practices of nurses, their skills profile and the organization of their work, in S. José Hospital or in military and navy hospitals. The role of the municipalities and of benefit Institutions as fundamental agents in the resolution of the main public health problems or in the governance of hospitals is prominent. The topics contained in this study may open horizons to continue or create new areas of research in the history of nursing, basic element, alongside philosophy and epistemology of health care, to the understanding of the crossroads of the present time and of the challenges facing the profession.

TAVARES, António José Chrystêllo, Singularity of São João Baptista de Ajudá and the Protectorate in the Coastal Range of Dahomey in the Context of the Portuguese Overseas, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Pedro de Araújo Pires Vicente, 2010

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

TAVARES, Maria da Conceição da Silva, From naturalism to modern sciences in Azores: a biographical essay of Francisco Afonso Chaves (1857-1926), PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Ana Isabel da Silva Araújo Simões, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/35026)

Keywords: Afonso Chaves; Meteorological Service of Azores; Prince of Monaco; Sciences of large scale; Go-betweens; Creative circulation; Travels; Networks; Collections; Spatial integration of Azores

Abstract: In this dissertation, the life and work of Francisco Afonso Chaves (1857-1926) are addressed from the standpoint of the biographical genre. This provided a means to assess in an interrelated manner the scientific, institutional, international, political and cultural contexts of the emergence of the modern configuration of Azores. In this way, using the methodological tools of the history of science, the life of an 19th century gentleman of science enabled to reconstruct central aspects of Azorean history. Revealing since early adulthood, a clear vocation for science, as an amateur scientist Afonso Chaves embraced astronomy and natural history, to become soon an expert on zoology, a collector of natural specimens, a respected and active member of the international community, and a committed popularizer of science. The interaction with Prince Albert of Monaco, an amateur oceanographer, led him to become the central piece in the project of the construction of an international meteorological service in Azores. Facing an especially turbulent period of Europe’s history, this project was to be materialized later as a national meteorological service through the intervention of D. Carlos and the prime-minster Hintze Ribeiro. Both Afonso Chaves and the Prince of Monaco were outsiders to the academic and scientific milieu, not merely amateurs but not also formally professional. They played the role of active go-betweens, central to the construction of knowledge, the promotion of circulation of people, objects, instruments and publications, and tireless negotiators and builders of cultural, institutional and scientific international relations in the emerging disciplinary fields of meteorology, oceanography, seismology and geomagnetism. Afonso Chaves worked toward the implantation of a regional Service in Azores. Living in the Island of S. Miguel, he travelled regularly to the various islands of Azores, with extended stays in Flores and Faial. Chaves’ scientific travels, together with the spatial and geographical dimension of meteorology, seismology, and geomagnetism, contributed to overcome the former insular fragmentation, and to smoothly build a unitary view of the archipelago, also enhanced by Chaves’ pioneering use of photography as a means of surveying and spatial integration. Despite un-inclined to political affairs, and never affiliated to any political and social movements of administrative autonomy of Azores, it is my contention that the scientific and visual contributions of Afonso Chaves contributed, indirectly but steadfastly, to the future unitary conception of the Azores.

VIVEIROS, André Manuel Pereira, Liberalism and municipalism: the case of the extinct municipality of Capelas (1839-1853) on the Island of São Miguel, PhD in Insular and Atlantic History (15th-20th centuries) submitted to the School of Social Sciences & Humanities of the Universidade dos Açores, supervised by Carlos Alberto da Costa Cordeiro, 2017

(http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4569)

Keywords: Municipalism; Capelas (Azores); Liberalism; Azores

Abstract: This study aims to be a small contribution to the knowledge of the local history of the Azores islands. Its’ a historiographical note in which we try to find out the reasons that led to the creation of the municipality of Capelas in 1839, on the island of São Miguel, how it was operationalized and which reasons dictated its extinction in 1853. We try to frame this issue in its historical period, a period in which a troubled country was trying to implement of a new regime - Liberalism - whose main events had repercussions on the islands, reflecting what was happening at a national level. This new political regime brought the necessary changes: the creation of the Azores Eastern Province, which in 1833 liberated São Miguel from the traditional power ascendancy of Terceira island; the publication of the decree of 1835 from which three autonomous districts in the islands were created, with headquarters in Ponta Delgada, Angra and Horta; and the preparation of a law decree (1838) that divided the island of São Miguel in two more municipalities, Capelas and Povoação. After explaining the reasons which formed the basis of that proposal, which was approved in the Chamber of Deputies, with the publication of the Decree on July 3, 1839, we begin to analyze the elections and the new municipality installation process. Supported mainly on primary sources, we assess its functioning, having immediately noticed the major institutional and financial difficulties that the city hall was facing; difficulties that made it impossible to build a City Hall, a new cemetery, roads and water networks for the county. A gradual asphyxia related to the growing budgetary needs to pay the General Board, which was responsible for the abandoned children, is felt and leads to the institutional crisis between the county and the Civil Governor, disagreements that will be added to by the inability of sending census maps of the county's population, which were fundamental to the district taxation and implementation of local and national elections. With the arrival of the Regeneration in 1851 and the subsequent nomination of the new Civil Governor, firstly we have the dissolution of the city hall then, the effective suppression of the county, which was economically sustainable when compared to the data of the rest of the island. In the study, a question about the real meaning of the so-called economy of the orange, on the whole process of the ephemeral county, remains.

Copyright 2020, ISSN 1645-6432
e-JPH, Vol. 17, number 2, December 2019