PhD Theses in Portuguese Universities (2010-2018)

Prepared by the editors of e-JPH with the assistance of Elsa Lorga Vila (Graduate of University of Evora; Master’s Degree in History-Nova University of Lisbon)

AKÇALI, Yunus, Two paths of modernization: a comparative analysis of Turkey and Egypt, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by José Maciel Honrado Morais Santos and Ramazan Kilinç, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/78431)

Keywords: Turkey; Egypt; Modernization; Democracy; Milli Görüş Movement; AK Party; Gülen Movement; Muslim Brotherhood

Abstract: Turkey and Egypt’s modernization process dates back to the 17th century. The modernization and westernization processes continued in the aftermath of Egyptian independence (1922) and the declaration of the Republic (1923) in Turkey. One of the main outcomes of modernization in Turkey and Egypt was the secular policies, which were positioned in the center of state-religion relations. After 1980, liberal political and economic developments triggered the social, economic and political transformation in Turkey and Egypt, which are two close allies of the Western countries in the Middle East. However, Turkey and Egypt’s modernization processes gave different outcomes within three decades in term of democratization. By 2010, Turkey enjoyed the rise of democratic values while the military, one of the most prominent symbols of the secular regime, was losing its dominance in politics. A series of public demonstrations, known as “the Arab Spring”, shook Egypt in late 2010, and caused the fall of the Mubarak regime. Therefore, this dissertation aims to compare the modernization processes of Turkey and Egypt and their responses to change. I outline this study in two parts. First I analyze the social, economic and political developments of the two countries through their main political actors and institutions in a comparative perspective. Later, in case study part, I analyze the political actors that played a significant role in modernization and democratization: the Muslim Brotherhood, the Milli Görüş Movement and the AK Party. I also examine the socio-religious movement, the GM, and the MB through its social perspective. By doing this, I follow a parallel comparison pattern for the cases. In this dissertation, I will adopt the comparative historical method. In order to achieve the objectives, I will do historical analysis and study the sociological-structural, ideological and political behavioral aspects of the cases. In terms of the data sources, this dissertation will include content analyses and tertiary sources.

ALMEIDA, Andreia da Silva, Health in the Estado Novo of Salazar (1933-1968): Policies, systems and structures, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Maria de Fátima Reis and Carlos Guardado da Silva, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/30337)

Keywords: Health Policies; Estado Novo; Salazarism; Health System; Health Structure

Abstract: This study focuses on health policies implemented by Salazar’s Estado Novo, from the beginning of the regime, in 1933, to its end, in 1968. In a global perspective, we analyze the evolution of several health subsystems - sanitary, caring and welfare - and their corresponding sanitary structures, emphasizing the evolution of the hospital sector, which would become pivotal for the regime. Similarly, we observed the organic evolution of the health sector, considering its fragmentation in several ministries, focusing, however, the political evolution of the Subsecretariado de Estado da Assistência Social and of its succeeding Ministério da Saúde e Assistência. In a comparative assessment, we noted some international influences in the health area, namely regarding the relations with W.H.O. and the echoes, in Portugal, of the creation of the National Health System, in the United Kingdom. Assuming a global perspective, we analyze some critical voices against regime’s political orientation in the health sector, in particular the criticism of the Portuguese Communist Party (P.C.P.), the political pressure of the Portuguese medical association (Ordem dos Médicos) and of certain sectors of public opinion, as well as some catholic movements. This study also studied the ideology of the regime regarding the state’s role in health care, in addition to the evolution of some sanitary professions and the relevance of its political purpose during this period. In an attempt to assess the results of health policies adopted by Salazar’s Estado Novo, we conduct an analysis on the evolution of several international sanitary indexes, both in diachrony and synchrony. Subsequently, we highlight the evolution on child and maternal mortality, which are the indexes by excellence of the sanitary level of any country, and the evolution of some infectious pathologies, such as tuberculosis, malaria, leper or syphilis. This study analyzed a set of influential factors of health policies - technical, scientific, technological, structural, economic and socio-cultural factors - and the results of sector policies assessed by health indexes evolution of Portuguese population. In fact, the Salazar’s Estado Novo health policies became a reflex of regime’s general policy, and the periods of crisis improve his evolution. The results of these health policies produced a fragmented, uncoordinated, unequal and non-universal health system, composed by a multiplicity of hybrid and weak subsystems, causing social inequalities. During Salazar’s Estado Novo, was observed a continuity of a caring, subsidiary, charitable and non-universal health policy. However, the evidences suggest an evolution in continuity, one organic, political and structural evolution with significant repercussions on health indexes. Ideologically, the regime maintained his official doctrine: subsidiary, charitable, caring, natalist, conservative and catholic. However, we observed a inconsistency between ideology and political practice, hugely increased in sixties.

ALMEIDA, João Miguel Furtado Ferreira de, Catholics and politics in the crisis of liberalism: the course of António Lino Neto (1873-1934), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernandes José Mendes Rosas, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10789)

Keywords: António Lino Neto; Centro Católico Português; Catholic Church; Political Catholicism; Portuguese State

Abstract: This thesis analyses the thought and action of a catholic leader, António Lino Neto (1873-1961), within the context of the relationships between the Portuguese State and the Catholic Church, during the crisis of liberalism, which started in the last decade of the 19th century, and ended with the establishment of the New State in the 1930s. The public intervention of António Lino Neto is framed within the political periods that the Portuguese State went through, throughout the crisis of liberalism: constitutional monarchy, First Republic, military dictatorship, and the New State. The Catholic political dynamics in Portugal are issued, taking into account the national political evolution, the relations between the Catholic Church and the State, as well as the changes of direction occurring at the pontificates of Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, and Pius XI. António Lino Neto was an institutional man, full professor of political economics since 1908, and president of the Centro Católico Português, from 1919 to 1934. In the period of the post-world war Republic, he held a leading role in the political Catholicism, which endeavoured to put in second place the question of the regime, by distinguishing the obedience towards the ruling powers from the criticism of unjust legislation. Gradually, António Lino Neto lost his relevance within the context of the emergence of an autocratic power that, under formal separation between State and Church, recognized the social value of Catholicism, and that got along with a Catholic hierarchy whose power over the ecclesiastical organization was strengthened during the period under consideration.

ALVES, Carlos Alberto de Jesus, Angolan foreign policy in time of war and peace: colonialism and post-colonialism, PhD in Identity, Practices and Representations of the Contemporary World submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Martins da Silva, 2014 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/31604)

Keywords: Angola; Diplomacy; FNLA; MPLA; Foreign policy; UNITA; International relations

Abstract: This study addresses the political actions of the armed liberation movements of Angola, namely FNLA, MPLA and UNITA, which vied for power during the troubled process of political transition, started in 1974 in that African country. This research addresses as well the foreign policy of the Angolan State led by the MPLA, which had created, in the 60’s, the Department of Foreign Affairs in order to seek support and strengthen the diplomatic action against the colonial policy of the Portuguese Estado Novo, while FNLA was been recognized by several countries in the African continent. Another subject of this study is the political commitment of the liberation movements, by means of their overseas delegations and collaborators, to obtain international support and recognition as the legitimate representatives of the Angolan population. This study also focuses the foreign policy of the Angolan State and the normalization of diplomatic relations with several countries, as well as the strengthening of cooperation, the fight against the apartheid regime and the end of the remains of colonialism in Africa. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, political parties in Angola participated in the first general elections, which were supervised by the United Nations in 1992. Ideological change in the Angolan State, in force since 1975, was inevitable and it resulted in the official recognition of the country by the U.S.A. and the institution of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). After the civil war in 2002, the Angolan State has privileged relations with China, while maintaining traditional links with various countries like Brazil, Cuba, the former Soviet Union and other States, as it is reported this study.

ALVES, Maria do Céu Garcia dos Reis Loureiro, Special education and school modernization: Historical-pedagogical study of the education of the deaf mutes and the blind, PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Justino Magalhães, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8687)

Keywords: Deaf Mutes; Blind; Royal Institute for the Deaf Mutes and Blind; Branco Rodrigues Institute for the Blind; Special Needs Education

Abstract: During its history, the Special Needs Education has been a topic cyclically reopened, whether by the renewal of technologies, the development of methods and manifestations, expectations of sociability, or yet by the overall improvement of pedagogy. That was the core of my thesis, which I set in the triangle: 1) Materiality / technologies / institution, 2) Communication / language, 3) Pedagogies and sociability. In this research, I have used a complex methodical descriptive, interpretive and conceivable. After the systematization of the main lines of characterization and the evolution of the deaf mutes and blind’s education, bringing together such different aspects as representations, methods, institutions and ways of care, pedagogies and pedagogues, I have resumed the history of that education in Portugal during the 19th Century. I have pointed out two stages of special institutionalized pedagogy, as were designed and implemented by Pedro Aron Borg and José Cândido Branco Rodrigues. Special Needs Education has been a challenge to the pedagogies of yesterday, as much as it is to today pedagogies; it has evolved from separation to positive differentiation, conciliating inclusion and specialization. Occurring within the historical context of the writing culture and in the context of mechanized production, sidelined economy and urbanization of the ways and habits of life, there were three cycles in the genealogy (emergency, implementation, innovation) of the blind and deaf mutes special pedagogy. Those are recurrent cycles formed by a method, a technique, a sociability whose enunciation and morphology assumed in each epoch, a specific configuration. The analysis-reconstitution, historical-pedagogical of the first cycle shows that, in the eighteenth century and under the Enlightenment period, correlatively to the characterization and acceptance of the educability of the deaf mutes and blind, teaching methods, centered in word, were created and disseminated. The methods of literacy of Jacob Pereira, of the Abbot of Deschamps and of the Abbot de l’Épée were released and pursued in different places. The combination of intellectual education with technical developments made possible the mechanization of some workmanship capacitating the blind to certain tasks of production and distribution - such as the typographic work-distribution and sale of printed (brochures, books, and notices). A similar evolution occurred with the deaf mutes that began to ensure certain routine work, framed in mechanical production circuits. The first decades of the nineteenth century were marked by the establishment of institutes for the deaf mutes and blind, in boarding school regime. They were boarding schools with workshops where a pedagogy of conciliation between intellectual education and training in the arts of workmanship was practiced, in which the graduates could inhabit and serve as professionals. In Portugal, this kind of boarding schools was marked by the action of Pedro Aron Borg, being pursued in the Casa Pia until the third quarter of the nineteenth century. The education of this specific group of special needs individuals benefited from further progress in the transition of the nineteenth century and in the first decades of the twentieth century, in which to the advances of medical science and of the psychometrics joined the intuitive pedagogy and principles of the active school. Particularly innovative and perfectly integrated within the European framework of that period was the participative pedagogy and sociability created and established by José Cândido Branco Rodrigues in the Institute for the Blind in Estoril.

ALVES, Paulo Bruno Pereira Paiva, The Catholic press in the First Republic: from the end of the newspaper A Palavra ("The Word") (1911) to the Concílio Plenário Português ("Portuguese Plenary Council") (1926), PhD in Communication Sciences submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Isabel Maria Guerreiro Nobre Vargues and Paulo Fernando de Oliveira Fontes, 2012 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/21842)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

AMARAL, Augusto Jobim do, Criminal Discourse and Politics of Proof: on the Limits of Inquisitive Governance of the Contemporary Brazilian Criminal Procedure, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Luís Vide da Cunha Martins, 2011 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/20164)

Keywords: Governance; Penal Policy; Inquisitorialism; Brazilian Criminal Procedure; Proof

Abstract: The political field of criminal procedure - space ordering, pervious to reversals and interferences, overlaps and strains, not only determined by legal norms - carries a permanent exception aureole that its foundation and its transcendence. It is from the order of inquisitorial discourse that brings forward the lived governance on this degree, which lies to learn and to recognize it by its metamorphosis. On the fringes of these links between violence and law the settle argumentative structure is provided by three different plateaus, having the proof as the privileged disposition. The first plan relates to investigate the traces of inquisitorial style that ultimately serve the different environments of proof establishment, making the task able to confront the ideas’ path of criminal procedure in Brazil. In the second plan, the scene of the current aesthetics of the criminal culture is crossed by the line of force of the discourse on the penalty and worries, and then, with an analysis of the punitive and populist formations of the security dynamic. The governance inquisitive approach to the field of criminal procedure provides, finally, the uniqueness power of state, from a proof micrology, minutely the contemporary my themes of the policy framework in the Brazilian criminal process, laying the presentable face of decisive choices on the ground of its criminal procedural democracy. At this level, therefore, is the focus of the strategies of power and the folds of thought, greatly, endowing democratic values, assigned to each place in this landscape, original meanings.

AMARAL, Claúdio André Das Neves, Energy, local development and social modernization. The electrification of the municipality of Matosinhos (1890-1980), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/102889)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

ANDRÉ, Rebeca Helena, Teaching History in Angola between 1960-2012: evolution, teachers' training and international cooperation, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Antunes Grosso Correia, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/79949)

Keywords: Angola; History of Education; History Teaching; Teachers’ Training; International Cooperation

Abstract: The current work combines the Angolan socio-educational needs and contributes to the production of knowledge, on the evolution of History teaching and training of History teachers, between 1960 and 2012, in the same country. The leading questions were set, as follows: what kind of History was taught in the end of the colonial period and the different political and educational situations after the independence of Angola?; what was the training profile of History teachers?; which theoretical, historiographical and learning principles are references to the training of History teachers in Angola?; what are the theoretical and methodological strategies offered by the international cooperation of education for the development of Angola education, History teaching and training of History teachers?; which impact did this cooperation have in the curricular organization of general education subsystems and teachers’ training?; which interdisciplinary and civic potential involves the discipline of History in the opinion of the respective teachers in exercise? The documentary corpus was reconstructed from documentary sources of information, collected in Portugal and Angola’s archives and documentation centers, thus being Portuguese Overseas Historical Archive, National Library and Oporto Public Library, and Angolan Ministry of Education, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Teachers’ Training Institutes (Elementary Teachers’ School, IMNE e ISCED), international organizations (UNESCO, BIE, CPLP, U.A e SADC) and through a survey, within a sample of the History teachers in Luanda province. The methodology used was based on the collection, organization and analysis of documents, questionnaire survey and analysis of the contents. We conducted an empirical research on the study of defined objects, namely: educational and curricular reforms of the general education subsystem; History curricula; the graduation of History teachers at the secondary and university levels; the instruments of international educational cooperation; the representations of History teachers in exercise, in relation to their training needs and interdisciplinary potential of the subjects. The achieved results show that the reference theoretical, historiographical and learning principles (for good citizenship) were not identified in the general History curricula, in teacher training programs and in international cooperation.

ANJOS, Maria Cristina de Carvalho dos, Tourism in the coastal axis Estoril-Cascais (1929-1939): Equipment, events and promotion of the destination, PhD in History: Regional and Local History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Pedro Gomes Barbosa and Sérgio Campos Matos, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8638)

Keywords: History of Tourism; Estoril; Cascais; New State; PUCS

Abstract: When in late 1928 the Sociedade de Propaganda da Costa do Sol appeared it changed the «Portuguese Riviera» label dubbed to the towns of Estoril, Monte and Cascais, along with the idea that the climate was the travel motivation for foreigners. The «Sun Tan Era» and the diversification of attractions at the resorts were then settled, and men like Fausto Figueiredo, Guilherme Cardim, Joaquim Ereira, Ávila Madruga and Marques Mata would work on the improvement of hosting conditions for visitors and of the life quality of the residents. The military dictatorship inaugurated equipments and the Golf course, recovered nautical practices, and legalised the spell of the roulettes at the Estoril Casino (the only permitted across Greater Lisbon). Aware of the revenue of the tourist activity the New State soon took over the private management of the Sociedade Estoril-Plage and used its know how to develop Tourism in the Azores. The creation of the Secretariado de Propaganda Nacional, the proximity of tourist managers to the civilian dictatorship and the local acceptance of the right-wing ideals led to the promotion of the (nationalist and conservative) «Política do Espírito» on the events offered from the Casino’s stage to the waters of the Cascais Bay. In the mid-1930s the British presence in wintertime was balanced with the Spanish market in the summertime. That flow began after the arrival of political refugees since 1931 that were visited by relatives and friends during the hot season. It was the case of General Sanjurjo who planned the coup d’état that in July 1936 started the Spanish Civil War. Rumours and innuendo would then seriously affect the arrival of tourists at the destination, whose international image was reformulated, along with the increase of domestic tourism, and the accomplishment of the urban revolution planned by the minister Duarte Pacheco (the PUCS). It was thanks to the equipments, infrastructures, leisure and image inherited from the 1930s that the Estoril-Cascais axis would succeed as playground of the European elites during and after the 2nd World War.

ARAÚJO, António Carlos Candeias de, The Catholic Opposition to Marcelismo: The Case of the Capela do Rato, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Human Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Manuel Braga da Cruz, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/8527)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The vigil for Peace at Capela do Rato, organized in 1972 by a group of vanguard Catholics in protest against the colonial war, is considered as one of the cornerstone moments - perhaps the most important one - of the Catholic opposition against the Estado Novo and, in particular, against Marcelismo. That means the main objective of the vigil promoters was fully achieved: make sure their gesture would have great visibility and impact, for what two elements hugely contributed - the collaboration of an armed group, the Brigadas Revolucionárias, and the reaction of the civil authorities. The latter opened a conflict with the Church, more precisely with the Lisbon Patriarch, D. António Ribeiro -, for what would first be considered as a mere struggle episode of a Catholic minority elite against the authoritarian regime, soon evinced a complexity not yet studied. The present doctoral thesis departs from the episode of Capela do Rato to a broader analysis about opposition of Catholic inspiration in the sixties, attempting to contextualize it in the mindset at the time lived in Portugal and abroad. In that way it strives to provide a more informed and enlighten understanding of the way conflicts and tensions happened at that time and the ruptures created - but also continuities - in the period between the last days of the authoritarian regime and the revolutionary instauration of democracy.

ARAÚJO, Giovanna de Aquino Fonseca, Continuity and discontinuity in the context of globalization: a study about fairs in Portugal and Brazil (1986-2007), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade do Minho, supervised by Margarida Durães, Lígia Bellini and Jean-Martin Rabot, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/1822/19709)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: In Europe and America, fairs have always been of great importance, surpassing their commercial role in cities and becoming, in many societies, repositories for cultural exchange and learning, in which passers-by from various localities congregate and establish ties of sociability. In the current period of propagation and consolidation of the ideology and practices of contemporary globalization, although peripheral capitalism sets in at a rapid pace, with the emergence of new places of consumption - such as supermarkets and hypermarkets, shopping centres and consumer portals - , the fairs continue to exist with multiple characteristics, numerous forms of sociability, a space of commercial and social mobility that materializes through the diversified transformations that took place, not only in the geographic location and products traded, but also in the ways of making the fair: acts, gestures, corporal performances, movements and sayings, stimulated by the social actors who frequent and pass through their labyrinths. These transformations are what aroused the interest in this study, that is, of perceiving how these traditional trades manage to coexist and resist the impacts caused by globalization in the present time. To answer this question, we had to take two paths: first to identify the impacts and then the strategies of continuity and discontinuity that the characters of the fairs had to assume in order to keep them as places of consumption. We realized initially that, in the face of the effervescence of globalization, even if the fairs seek to maintain and preserve some traditions, it is notoriously impossible for these traditional markets to remain unchanged over time. To better understand these tactics and strategies, we have chosen as the research’s focus the fairs taking place in cities of the Portuguese region of Minho - namely Ponte de Lima, Barcelos and Vila do Conde - and cities in north-eastern Brazil - Campina Grande-PB, Caruaru-PE and the fair of São Joaquim, located in Salvador-BA. With the particularities that bring them closer and farther, it was possible to perceive, in a comparative way, the impacts of globalization in the fairs of these two universes. We have taken into account the historical, social, cultural and economic values of the host city. In order to answer our questions, we delimited the survey between 1986 and 2007, as we believe that important changes occurred in Europe during this period, and also Portugal adhered to the EEC. In Latin America, Brazil was experiencing the end of the dictatorial period and political re-democratization. Both processes contributed to the opening up of the market, the liberalization of trade, and the implementation of the neoliberal policy influenced by the globalized ideology of market capitalism in the face of the crisis of the states whose functions were in the process of being redefined. As for the impacts of globalization, we perceived unemployment, informality, migration and immigration, cultural diversity, identity hybridization, deployment of new places of consumption, adaptation to the new market logic facing the economic blocs, market opening to imported products, particularly Chinese products. In relation to the strategies and adaptations used by the marketers we detected the substitution of the goods and the forms of payment. In relation to the public power, we have noticed that, especially in Brazil, the search for recognition of these places as immaterial patrimony, highlighting the safeguard policies and the requalification projects of these places has begun. However, despite the re-significances and adjustments to the market dynamics, the contemporary fairs undergo a high crisis of survival, of discontinuity. If in fact the interests for its continuity are legitimate, it is necessary to adopt a policy of encouraging and valuing these emerging spaces. The methodology used privileged Oral History reports, but also a diverse set of sources of other types, including records from different public institutions and newspaper reports. In addition to interviews with marketers and customers, we used photographic and cartographic surveys. About 240 people were interviewed (120 in Brazil and 120 in Portugal). We have chosen to preserve the identities of the deponents by assigning them pseudonyms.

AZEVEDO, Ana Carina Gerardo da Silva, Scientific Management in Portugal after Second World War (1945-1974), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14102)

Keywords: Scientific Management; Innovation; “Estado Novo”

Abstract: Since the beginning that the concerns with the introduction of improvements in work efficiency are present in the working world. Although, the use of scientific methods in its study, planning and organization emerged only in the early years of the 20th century with the aim of increasing the income by eliminating the waste of time, effort and materials. As a rule, we got used to immediately connotate the subject with the realities of countries such as United States of America, France, Germany or Japan. However, in fact, these principles have spread practically throughout the industrialized or industrializing world, having been developed interesting experiences also in South America, Oriental Europe or in peripheral countries of South Europe, among which, Portugal. In fact, in Portugal, the first indications of reflection around these principles arise still during the period of the First Republic, in small articles published in some periodicals of the time. However, it is after the World War II that further studies and the application of scientific methods of work organization has its time of greatest development. It is, in fact, in this period that begins what we might call as the "golden age" of scientific management in the country, in which are created private and state organisms which aim to disseminate these principles not only industrially, but also agricultural and administratively. The logic of the time is not oblivious to this reality, being entangled in the dynamics of the North-American technical assistance, the inclusion of Portugal in the bodies of economical cooperation and being influenced by other international impacts, as well as by how all these elements relate to the challenges that Portugal faced at the time, with the pursuit of productivity and with the awareness of the need to overcome the weaknesses that have been revealed during the World War II and by the preparatory studies of Development Plans. In fact, trace the history of scientific management in Portugal is to trace a narrative in two planes, in which the external impulses are evident, but whose dynamics are assumed by a support platform that, in this country, was bet in the importance of improving the efficiency in the industry and in Public Administration by applying these principles. Therefore, we are before a State that, also through this via, industrializes and modernizes, that grows in functions and staff; that is driven to meet new challenges; that engages and receives impacts from movements and international organisms in a world that is increasingly interconnected. The winds of time are blowing in Portugal through the door that was left open by the decision of «not be left out». The study that is here presented will, in this way, identify the vehicles that led to the introduction of scientific management in the country and the dynamics that netted and defined them at the national and international level, without forgetting the actors, goals and resistances involved.

BAIÔA, Manuel Pimenta Morgado, Elites and Political Organization on the First Portuguese Republic: The case of the Nationalist Republican Party (1923-1935), PhD in Contemporary History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Helder Adegar Fonseca and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11621)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This thesis has as its main aim the study of the Nationalist Republican Party (1923-1935). It portrays and analyses its action on the core of the political power, on the parliament and government at the final stage of the First Republic (1923-1926). It studies its characteristics following four topics: internal organization, membership, the elite and ideology. Lastly, its decadence and dissolution (1926-1935) during the Military Dictatorship and the New State is studied.

BAPTISTA, Virgínia do Rosário, Protection and rights of working women in Portugal: the origins of the welfare state, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Fátima Sá e Melo Ferreira, 2013

(http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6225)

Keywords: Working women; Motherhood; Mutualism; Welfare state

Abstract: The aim of this work is to reflect on social assistance, social welfare and the rights of working women in Portugal between 1880 and 1943. 1880 sets the beginning of our study on mutualistic associations and respective regulations. 1943 was the year when for the first time all workers were paid a family allowance. In Portugal women represented more than a quarter of the working class population. Though birth rates were high during this period, we could verify that childhood mortality was also high in the first year of life. This caught health professionals’ attention to the perils of “race degeneration”. All these problems motivated us to research into the origins of the Welfare State and the female condition. Bearing in mind these two facts, we decided to work out on the answers to three fundamental questions: What laws enabled assistance and protection to working mothers; which associations carried out that kind of assistance; what steps the governments took to tackle the scourge of childhood mortality. The working class strongly supported the mutualistic movement and therefore in this study it is important to find out how mutual associations planned motherhood protection. Xabregas, in Beato parish, in Lisbon, was chosen as a case-study because this neighborhood had an important and strong female working community, and so we aim to understand how the daily routine of the families of working mothers was.

BARBOSA, Márcio Sérgio Costa, Marcelist Estado Novo (1929-1974), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Cunha Martins, 2015

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/28990)

Keywords: Marcello Caetano; Marcelism; Estado Novo; Corporatism; Welfare State; Overseas; Powers

Abstract: The present doctoral thesis has as object of study Marcello Caetano (MC) and his form of “Novo Estado”, as a reproduction of the regime implemented with the 1933 Constitution but distinct from Salazar’s type of “Estado Novo”. A wide range of issues, such as knowing why an experimental restoration of ‘functionality’ in a system that had been, until then, ‘dysfunctional’ but ‘successful’, as well as knowing why the central political agent ‘collapsed’ when faced with opposing, and even contradictory forces, groups and powers, justify a contextualized historiographic analysis, one being an interpretation of the marcelist social, political and economical project and the relationship between MC, the itineraries of the Novo Estado, the fundamental problems of its historic time, the powers or groups of powers and the critical analysis of the of the evolution of the international context, and the other from internal viewpoint (obligatory and necessarily critical), by MC himself and by marcelism - in all its multiple aspects and vicissitudes. The analysis is based on three points. The first one contextualizes the early period, until 1929, when MC began collaborating with the head of the "Situation". Then, we seek to break down the thoughts of MC according to his world view rather than rebuild an early and systematized version of his thought. We examined, in detail, his positions and views on the construction and evolution of the regime, as well as its relationship with the period it is set in. His views on the international context were also an aim of this study, assessing the impact of the main events in the political and intellectual formation of MC until 1939. The experience of power, together with the most important event of the twentieth century, constitute a factor of transformation that advises against the hasty taking up of positions temporarily too far apart. The next point examines in depth, and where documentation allowed, from many perspectives - not just political, how MC began positioning himself within the center of the regime until 1968. All elements of conflict between MC and individuals, institutions, groups or power structures infiltrated by the regime were decoded. The extent to which his experience in the “Mocidade Portuguesa (MP) determined future actions is studied. The notion of "power" in the thought of MC and, above all, how the first contact with the "powers" is deepened, and how MC’s exit from the Colonies section (1947) and the Presidency (1958) were arranged. The so called "crossing of the desert" (1958-68), is analyzed in depth, looking at its causes and consequences, highlighting the complex issue overseas. His positioning in relation to the international setting and the major powers and the central issues of this period in the Western world, the future of liberalism and of the concept of freedom are analyzed in detail, as well as the processes of exploitation of these and other concepts. Finally, MC’s various times in Government, with special emphasis on the Ministry of the Colonies (1944-47) and the Presidency of the Council (1968-74) periods are described with all their complexities. To this end, the theoretical liberal reference that marked this period is taken into consideration and MC’s interaction with the evolution of the political-economic system is analyzed. Seeking an alternative viewpoint, the corporate “organization of all interests" and their implication in the construction of the "Novo Estado” of MC is also discussed. The extent of instability created by the new praxis and imbalances caused within the regime is assessed, as well as the preparation of the "elections" of October 1969 mapped out MC’s future and the new "social State" generation”. The in-depth study of the Ministry of the colonies is then described: its direct contact with corporate reality, the mechanisms of economic coordination and deep knowledge of African reality, the origin of the "decisive" confrontation of MC and their vision for the country with the "structural" powers. The connection between these "clashes" and the main decisions taken by MC’s government in the various fields of action, particularly the constitutional amendment of 1971 are also discussed in detail. Lastly, it concludes with a survey and evaluation of MC’s proposals within the complex framework of crises, struggles, hardships, reflections and contradictions that marked the Western world at that time.

BARROS, Júlia Teresa Pinto de Sousa Leitão de, The Radical Republican Political Journalism. O Mundo (1900-1907), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13094)

Keywords: Portugal history; Republicanism; Socialism; Anarchism; Radicalism; Political journalism; Political debate; Censorship; Journalistic conventions; Essays; Reportage; Interviews; Rumors; Entitlement

Abstract: This doctoral dissertation analyzes the political journalism practices of the Republican newspaper “O Mundo”, during the early twentieth century. Political historiography of the liberal monarchy crisis tends to emphasize the role of the press, however this has never been a subject of a separate study by itself. The Republican daily press is often associated with other forms of disclosure activities of republican ideals (brochures, conferences, books, meetings, banquets, etc..), alienating it from political journalism of his time (by content and by form). The present study inserts the radical republican political newspaper “O Mundo” within the journalistic practices of Lisbon’s daily press, exploring mutual and differing views. Our comparative analysis seeks to answer several questions: What was the role played by the press in the political debate? What distinguished the daily press from the remaining journals? What distinguished political journalism practiced by the nonpartisan and partisan newspapers? How the political press debate was accessed and structured? What conceptions of political debate were present in Lisbon’s daily press? What was the role of information in the press debate? How the radical press enabled itself in the beginning of the century? What was the dependence of party structures? And finally: what are the journalistic practices that distinguished the newspaper “O Mundo” from the remainder or the press? We came to the conclusion that daily press continuously intervened in the political debate. However, in the absence of an informative press that claims interlocutor’s role, we highlight the place of partisan political journalism in the journalistic debate. We also stressed the growth of informal political boundaries in partisan political daily press, by means of a set of journalistic conventions. In this regard we referenced the shared appreciation for rumor or unconfirmed information as well as the difficult task of imposing the interview genre. The radical republican press distinguished itself by the ability to extend the scope of controversy and debate about the news and we highlighted the role of the reporter’s practices. The republican newspapers appropriated the mainstream political journalistic debate model, broadening the scope of political participation, by introducing new political controversy surrounding regime ́s social and democratic. The radical republican journalism contributed to an alternative political debate model; one that was more democratic, more competitive and had more inclusive content.

BARROSO, Luís Fernando Machado, The political-diplomatic maneuver of Portugal in Southern Africa (1951-1974), PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6200)

Keywords: Southern Africa; ALCORA; South Africa; Rhodesia; Portugal; Diplomacy

Abstract: Between 1961 and 1974, Portugal fought a long war in Angola, Mozambique and Guinea, getting an important support for its war effort from the international system. Important literature has been published in this area, particularly with regard to political and diplomatic relations between Portugal and the United States, Britain, France and Germany. However, we had yet to determine how the war in Angola and Mozambique was influenced by the relationships that Portugal kept with the countries of Southern Africa (Rhodesia, South Africa, Malawi and Zambia). An acknowledgment of the diplomatic dimension of the colonial war in Southern Africa provides an insight into the way the Portuguese government attempted to reinforce their traditional alliances starting with the act that incorporated the colonial constitution (1951) until the fall of the regime on April 25, 1974. The access to important data from the archives of the Foreign Affairs and Defence from South Africa, the existing documentation at the National Archives not fully explored until now, and a theoretical framework grounded in the idea of using diplomacy as an instrument of power, provides an overview of the innovative Portuguese foreign policy that complements the existing historiographical literature. The analysis of the political and diplomatic manoeuvres of the Portuguese Government with South Africa and Rhodesia, allows us to conclude that Portugal tried to strengthen its strategic importance in Africa as a way to balance the centripetal importance of Pretoria's strategy in its counter-subversion as the last "white redoubt" against the "Communist invasion". The approach to Malawi and Zambia and the encouragement of Ian Smith to declare unilateral independence (1965) as a mechanism against the hegemony of Pretoria, failed to offset the weight of Pretoria after its direct intervention in southern Angola after 1967. Furthermore, the degradation of the military situation in Tete from 1970, which Pretoria and Salisbury took on as the axis of subversion in Southern Africa, plus the investment in the "provinces" definitely pushed Angola and Mozambique to South Africa's strategic orbit.

BELLO, Maristher Motta, Rolim's work of efficiency: oral history and life trajectory, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Tourism Heritage and Culture of the Universidade Portucalense, supervised by Zita Ana Lago Rodrigues and Henrique Fernandes Rodrigues, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/11328/579)

Keywords: Visual Culture; Art; Instruction; History; Identity process; Cultural pluralism

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss cultural studies, depicting art, history and culture conceptions, taking as reference the cultural studies of Raymond Williams (1972), Stuart Hall (2002-2009), Homi Bhabha (1998), Tomaz Tadeu da Silva (2000), Walter Benjamin (1985) and the debate among Jean-Claude Forquin (1993), Fernando Hernandez (2000), Philippe Perrenoud (2000), Jean-Pierre Pourtois (1999), Huguette Desmet (1999) and Gaston Bachelard (1962) amid others, crisscrossing them with the discourse analysis of Efigenia Rolim’s (born 1931) life and work. This Brazilian artist from Minas Gerais State discovered herself as an artist when she was 60 years old, creating stories and objects from garbage and candy wrapping. From her humble country life to the streets of Curitiba city, she built her way as a performer, creating the persona Efigênia, a poet, a storyteller, an artist who shares the space of squares, schools and museums with melodies, clothing, sculptures and performances by discussing, in a playful and unusual way, universal and complex issues of post-modernity. The artist stated her work as art, a kind of art that her discourse wanders, in large squares and museums. Her work merges into others arts and is object of researching studies, such as an awarded film, papers, articles and publications from diverse fields. Nowadays, aged 80, with the strength and beauty of maturity, she finds space to claim the creation of the Candy Wrapping Alive Museum’s, a “ghetto” museum. Efigenia Rolim receives the Medal of the Order of Cultural Merit, in 2008, due to her work and performance, alongside national and foreign personalities who have distinguished themselves in culture. Facing exclusion and poverty, from a marginalized situation to a respected position, Efigenia Rolim’s work, sculptural and ephemeral, troubadour and theatrical, reincorporates contemporary subjectivity and teaches about culture, education and humanities. This research reveals that the boundaries amongst history, art and the life of the artist are fused with the complex postmodern world. The present study also draws a visualization to contemporary identities; in those, art, education and curriculum are combined, as well as an appropriate view to our diverse context: a multicultural and multifarious contemporary world.

BELO, João Eduardo Nunes, From decolonization to the origins of Portuguese cooperation: Figures and facts, motivations and achievements, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Ventura, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/24639)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The Decolonization of the Portuguese overseas territories took place in profoundly adverse circumstances due to constraints of various kinds. Assuming that the Revolution took place also in order to carry the colonial independence out in accordance with international law, it would be up to the military, in this case to the MFA, to safeguard, in peace and security of people and goods, the transition to the new realities. However, political and military interests interfered in such a way that led to a fast decolonization, but not faultless, as some would categorize, taking into account the frustrating consequences for both Portuguese and Africans. If the most well known actors of these remarkable episodes of Portuguese contemporary history were military in political office such as Spinola and Melo Antunes, and politicians such as Mário Soares and Almeida Santos, there were others who, not having a job as prominent, were very important for their efforts. Of them will be equally imperative to speak about. The decolonization closed the empire cycle and opened the new European cycle. Turning on a new page, it was important to ensure continuity of the relationship, along new lines and mutual interest. The next stage, the most natural, pragmatically assumed, seemed to be the way of cooperation among free and equal people. This path has been very difficult for both sides due to the remnants of the past, ideological clashes and especially the negotiations for resolving the dispute, which came only to further deepen stances. But the bonds were not broken, and just a few years made it possible to return to the constructive dialogue and willingness to cooperate. Of this whole process, protruded Melo Antunes and Ramalho Eanes who, each in his own way, marked and truly influenced these relationships. Finally, it is essential to refer to the history of organizations that were created to monitor and support this new relationship, based on the richness of a common language and centuries of joint experiences. In its origin these organizations sought only to answer in solidarity to the overcoming of casuistic needs within a framework essentially of welfare nature. Sometime later, overtaken the cyclical vicissitudes there was a need to rethink the very philosophy of cooperation, models and performance practices. The priorities of the partners became more comprehensive and, seeking compliance, a new type of organizations, which supported a genuine cooperation policy and guarantee of continuity of the relationship between Portugal and the African people.

BERNARDO, Maria Ana Rodrigues, Societies and Elites in the Municipality of Évora - Permanence and Change (1890-1930), PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Helder Adegar Fonseca and José Manuel Sobral, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11096)

Keywords: Social History; Urban History; Social Stratification; Elites; Ocupations

Abstract: The aim of this research is to study the stratification of society in the district (concelho) of Évora and the composition and public action of its municipal elite from 1890 to 1930. Our examination of the social stratification profile of the district focuses on aspects of change and permanence, and our survey of the action of the local municipal elite highlights its role in the process of the modernization of local society. In our analysis of the stratification process, we focus on indicators of inequality: not only those of a material nature but also others associated with status and mechanisms used to access power. The intention is to provide a contribution towards a greater understanding of the contemporary social and political history of Portugal, an area in which little work has hitherto been carried out. Our investigation is founded on a case study of Évora and is based on primary sources, close attention being paid to local and regional specificities.

BRANDÃO, Tiago, The National Board of Scientific and Technological Research (1967-1974). Organization of Science and Scientific Policy in Portugal, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8626)

Keywords: Organization and Administration of Science; Scientific Policy; Scientific Institutions; Political economy; Scientific Diplomacy; Estado Novo

Abstract: If the nineteenth century witnessed a growing social assertion of the scientist, namely with its institutionalization in societies, it is in the twentieth century that there is the affirmation of an earlier tendency of organization of science and, in particular, in a sense of construction of scientific policies at the national and international levels - under the impulse of processes of recognized historical scope, such as the construction of the modern state or the Industrial Revolution itself, and decisive events such as world wars or economic cycles (Great Depression and economic growth). Portugal, on the other hand, despite the impasses, resistances and peculiarities, will not fail to follow the cadence of history from the point of view of this relationship between Science and Politics. There have been many initiatives in the organization of science, supported by an interesting heritage from the point of view of thought and strategic debate on the role of scientific culture, to read in the light of the evolution of the conjunctures of the history of Portuguese political regimes during the 20th century, above all, to be understood in the light of the double process of institutionalization and professionalization of science and scientists, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the legitimating narrative of political power and state in Portugal. The dissertation study that follows will identify and problematize the profile and intentions of the National Scientific and Technological Research Board (JNICT) - Decree-Law no. 47 791, July 11, 1967 -, and in particular, as it already has some specialized literature has been captured in a sense of the emergence of an explicit scientific policy in contemporary Portugal. To a certain extent, the creation of JNICT in 1967 as a foundational landmark of scientific policy is understood - in this regard, we intend to reveal the historical significance of this organism.

BRUXEL, Laerson, Democracy, Deliberation and the Media in the Contemporary Public Sphere: a Study on the Referendary Experiences in Brazil and Portugal, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Luís Vide da Cunha Martins, 2011 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/20165)

Keywords: Deliberative Democracy; Mass media; Rhetoric; Argumentation; Referendum

Abstract: This study analyzes and compares the material published by two newspapers - Folha de São Paulo, from Brazil, and Público, from Portugal, on the referendums that happened in both countries in 2005 and 2007 respectively. The purpose is verifying whether in this material there are discourses with arguments that might be considered useful to a deliberative process, in the perspective of democracy as it is defended by Jürgen Habermas. According to Simone Chambers, newspaper material is classified as either plebiscitary rhetoric or deliberative rhetoric. The former is characterized by the presence of more elements that do not contribute for the attainment of a public deliberation, whereas the latter contains significant presence of elements considered important for the development of this process. The reinforcement of some of its elements in the newspaper materials - this investigation assesses and quantifies which elements are privileged by the media - may bring it closer or apart of what is considered important for a public debate in a habermasian perspective. The decision on privileging one or another element is a choice that the media makes. Upon choosing, it leaves the border area, with many open possibilities, and starts a demarcation process. When it demarcates, it sets limits for either process. Taking into consideration that the media has ambivalent potentials, this investigation makes this assumption: it is not possible to define the role that the media plays in specific events of public deliberations, such as referendums, because in its material all the rhetoric elements are present, both those favoring and impairing the deliberative process. Nevertheless, given its production and publicizing reasoning, it reveals some of the limits that prevent it from complexifying the public agenda themes. The assumption made here is that its choices privilege the rhetoric elements that are in consonance with the logic of evidence, which is refractory to an argumentative process. It is temerarious to consider the media as a central forum for public deliberation because it privileges more elements that limit an argumentative process. If its power of scope may be taken as something potentially useful for carrying out deliberative processes in contemporary democracies, the mere availability of this apparatus does not allow us to jump to conclusions that its practice effectively contributes for the development of public debate. For its potential, and also for allowing that inside it also circulates material identified with a deliberative rhetoric, one could even see the media as a player able to play a complementary role, but not a central one, in the broader process of public deliberation. Under this light, one cannot dismiss completely the possibility that the material produced by the media triggers a deliberative process in society when it is appropriated of or reinterpreted in several ways by the various players of the public scope.

BUSSOLA, Diego, The light of the capital: SOFINA and the regulation of electricity in Lisbon and Buenos Aires in the 20th century, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Nuno Luis Monteiro Madureira and Mirta Zaida Lobato, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6356)

Keywords: Regulation; Electricity; Utilities; Salazar; Perón

Abstract: This dissertation analyses the relationship between foreign investment and government in two different countries - Argentina and Portugal - in the XX century. It focuses on the performance, regulation and relationship with the parent company of two electric utilities - one in Lisbon and the other in Buenos Aires - that belonged to SOFINA holding company. I analyze utilities, government and consumer interests focusing on conflicts between them. I also study the holding company strategies, which where developed by Dannie Heineman, in both cities during Peronism and Salazarism. Service fees, regulatory institutions and rate tariff problems are analysed to help explain the relationship between parent company, subsidiary company, government and consumers. Contemporary literature considers that powerful governments - like those guided by Salazar and Peron - had the capacity of imposing rules and implementing economic plans. Perón nationalized public utilities by expropriating several companies, while Salazar designed the Corporative State with the aim of establishing a centralized regulation of the economy. Nevertheless, I show that the SOFINA holding company developed management and negotiation strategies to avoid government controls. The continuity of the companies in private hands, the establishment of a special rate tariff system, the relationship with the regulatory government official and the existence of abusive service fees are examples of SOFINA’s capacity to escape political controls and advance its interests.

CABELEIRA, Helena dos Reis, The artist while pupil: artistic education, cultural practices and conceptions of the self in the academic press of the University of Lisbon (1878-2007), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8876)

Keywords: Student’s press; Student´s associations; Education and self-education; History of the Universidade de Lisboa; History of artistic education

Abstract: The artist while pupil: artistic education, cultural practices and conceptions of the self is a text which presents the results of an historical investigation centered on a systematic inventory, digitalization, and analysis of periodic publications produced by students of the Universidade de Lisboa. The process of constitution and analysis of a Digital Archive/Visual Catalog of the Student’s Movement Press (1878-2007), was developed around a central hypothesis: the possibility of identifying and mapping out a set of themes and problems that, since the late 19th century, were emerging in the student discourse, and configuring conceptions of education and self-education (formal and informal) centered on the figure of the artist and of the university student. As both the source and the subject of research, the student’s press is a privileged territory to investigate the historical conditions of emergence of certain psycho-pedagogical conceptions about the arts, and of a social imagery from which settled the bases of support of our present beliefs about what is an artist, and what has been the role of the school in the production of that way of being and living. What is presented here as a result of the investigation around the student’s press and movement, is a history of the pedagogical techniques, the artistic languages, and the technologies of information and communication, through which the modern student objectified and converted itself into a reality. From an iconographic and textual analysis of the contents of the student press, I will defend that it was through the progressive socialization of the techniques of literary-artistic representation and expression - writing and drawing -, that the modern school disseminated the mechanisms for social and personal distinction on which were founded our democratic myths about education, art and culture.

CARDÃO, Marcos Henrique Ramos de Sousa, Tropical Fado: Luso-Tropicalism in Mass Culture (1960-1974), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues and Ângela Barreto Xavier, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6181)

Keywords: Luso-tropicalismo; Nationalism; Colonial ideology; Mass culture; Popular culture

Abstract: Based in historical assumptions and commonplaces about the character of the Portuguese, the luso-tropicalism was a way to imagine the Portuguese community, which tended to highlight the natural disposition of the Portuguese for a settlement without prejudice of «color or race». Almost treated as a form of life, this particular way of reinterpret the history of Portuguese colonization won consistency in the last decades of authoritarian rule, when a series of rituals fostered the idea that Portugal was a multiracial country, geographically diverse and a politically homogeneous unit. My aim in this dissertation is to describe and analyse key cultural phenomena that spread luso-tropicalism in everyday life. I will argue that some artefacts of mass culture - namely football icons, such as Eusébio, celebrities of Portuguese popular music, such as João Maria Tudella, Eduardo Nascimento, among others, and beauty pageants held in the 1970’s - managed to reiterate the main themes of luso-tropicalism outside the ordinary campaigns of self-justification. Besides the historiographical objective, this work also intends to point out the contingency of luso-tropicalist representations, which somehow disappeared immediately after the Portuguese decolonization.

CARVALHO, Paulo Alexandre Marques Archer de, Sílvio Lima, a Mystic of Critical Reason (about the unconditionality of Amor Intellectualis), PhD in History: Cultural History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando José de Almeida Catroga, 2010 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/14593)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

CARVALHO, Rita Maria Cristovam Cipriano Almeida de, The concordat of Salazar: Portugal-Holy See 1940, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5685)

Keywords: Catholic Church; Concordats; Salazarism; Fascism; Francoism

Abstract: This thesis on the Portuguese Concordat celebrated with the Holy See on May 7, 1940 falls within the scope of political history and is a comprehensive and systematic study of the negotiations based on original documentation which focuses on the views of the Portuguese State and the Holy See. This study is also an initial outline of a comparative study with other concordats from the time of fascisms. Salazar imposed its points of view, making an agreement in which the benefits for the church were far below the ones of other contracts, such as the Italian or the Spanish concordats, providing it with a plasticity that allowed its permanence in the Portuguese legal system until 2004.

CARVALHO, Thiago Severiano Paiva de Almeida, Identity of spirit, difference of purpose: relations between Portugal and Brazil (1974-1985), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14198)

Keywords: Portugal; Spain; Foreign policy; Diplomacy; Luso-Brazilian relationship; Lusophone Africa; History of International Relations

Abstract: From 1974 to 1985, the Luso-Brazilian relationship was characterized by the differentiation of objectives and strategies adopted by both countries and, at the same time, by their efforts to upgrade the bilateral dialogue. These political dynamics reveals a relationship marked by a paradox, exemplified by an effusive rhetoric about the Luso-Brazilian relations mostly as empty of substance. This evasive discourse evoking a special relation between Lisbon and Brasilia, apparently devoid of content, conferred certain centrality to a diplomatic relation while it could not be deepened or reshaped. The disconnection between the interests of both States became perceptible over the 60s and has intensified as the colonial question was approaching its end. During the time period analysed, the Carnation Revolution, the decolonization process and the transition to democracy contributed to clarify the significances the Luso-Brazilian relationship could have for both countries. The effort to reassess bilateral ties happened concomitantly with a debate on the international and national identity of both countries, which was deeply influenced by the effects of the Cold War on the global peripheries and by the post-colonial reality. The Lusophone Africa became omnipresent in the Luso-Brazilian diplomatic agenda, although with different connotations in Lisbon and Brasilia. Portugal, Brazil and the new Lusophone States have gradually established a relationship that influenced not only the Luso-Brazilian ties but also how the whole Lusophone space would be framed over the next years.

CASTANHEIRA, Manuel Luis Pinto, For the history of childhood education in Portugal: The case of Bragança (1934-1986), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/10953)

Keywords: History of early childhood education; Bragança; Pedagogical experiences; Pedagogical modernity; Estado Novo (New State); Post-25 April 1974

Abstract: This thesis aims primarily at developing and extending the historical knowledge on the reality of early childhood education in the town of Bragança. It is intended to contribute to preserve local educational heritage and memory, by treasuring historical education in current society. This research intends to fulfil an existent gap: the lack of data and knowledge about the education of 3 to 6 year-old children. The answer is given by means of a study on the several kindergartens that were active from 1934 - when the first official kindergarten in Bragança closed downuntil 1986, when the first Framework Law on Education was published and the network of kindergartens started to expand in Portugal. The collection and systematic processing of data has been carried out on existing documentary series in several archives. These centres of primary sources are most of them limited to Bragança, even though research in other regions hasn’t been neglected for cross checking data. Focusing on a general pedagogical viewpoint, the problem raised here falls within the history of early childhood education in Portugal, where the main theses are recorded, and in the municipality of Bragança in particular. This research is believed to be crucial to understand kindergarten teachers and other teachers’ training. The thesis research paradigm is part of a hermeneutic standpoint that comprises qualitative and multidimensional interpretation methodologies and an extensive heuristic work and documentary analysis. Results show that the society of Bragança has managed to organise itself, by opening several kindergartens, despite the opposition of the Estado Novo (New State) to the expansion of this type of teaching. Kindergartens’ creation process was mainly due to private initiative, strongly upholding an educational and supportive framework, guided also by the key role of the Church.

CASTAÑO, David Mourão Ferreira, Mário Soares and the Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Portugal, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António Costa Pinto and Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2011

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The years during which Mário Soares changed the course of Portugal. The fact that the transition in Portugal began with a military coup and not within the regime produced a crisis in the military structures and a crisis in the State, a combination that threatened the success of the democratic transition. Between 1974 and 1976, a combination of the military, an orthodox Marxist-Leninist party, and radical left-wing groups came close to leading to a disintegration of the state. Our goal is to try to understand how this scenario was avoided and what role Mário Soares played in this context.

CAVACO, Suzana Margarida Dias dos Santos, Average market in Portugal in the Marcelist period, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves and Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, 2012

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

CODINHA, Miguel Gonçalo Cardina, Margin in a certain way: Maoism in Portugal (1964-1974), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Bebiano, 2011

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/15488)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This study seeks to analyze the impact of Maoism in Portugal in the last decade of the dictatorship of the Estado Novo. It examines the different constellations emanate from this ideology, starting in the vertebration of Popular Action Front and Marxist-Leninist Portuguese Committee, in 1964, around theoretical and political assumptions who presented themselves as alternatives to those defined by Portuguese Communist Party (PCP). Former member of the Central Committee and the Executive Committee of PCP, Francisco Martins Rodrigues was the fundamental conductor of this demarcation, centered in the role of violence in social change, the contours of a politics of alliance to overthrow the regime and the alignment with China in the context of the sino-soviet split. Nevertheless, the short experience of the organization, strongly attacked by the PIDE (International and State Defense Police) in 1965 and 1966, produced a theoretical legacy reflected in the next Maoist groups. Characterized by a growing cisionism, these collectives developed some differentiated features from 1970 onwards, mainly after the appearance of groups such as MRPP and O Grito do Povo [The Cry of the People], later OCMLP. This organizations assumed a mass line and a embattled activism, clearly rooted in the juvenile and student environment, despite also appears in some located workers fields. Analyzing the practices and representations produced by Portuguese Maoism, the second part of this study is anchored in the concept of «imaginary» as a dynamic magma of meanings that result from human action and both drive them. The work observe how the image of revolutionary figures and territories, even distant, as the China of Mao, acquired a mobilizing nature, which stemmed less originated from knowledge of the country and more convened by energy of the imagination of this counter-reality. It also examines how Maoism has built a redemptive image of the proletariat, which led to the measurement of a number of political virtues and activated forms of transfiguration of the militant into proletarian.Are still traced the processes of construction of militancy, noting its essentially youth and student character, but also how the requirement of ideal crossed with the field of morality and intimacy. It also discusses how Maoism welcomed certain artistic and cultural practices which proved to be inseparable from the process of politicization. Then examines the position before the colonial war and the experiences that made up the multiform route that came from defection to exile. Finally, we study how this political ambience dealt with themes such torture, police inquisition and the political conflict in prison.

COELHO, Manuel da Silva, Timor/Portugal: Complex relations in the 20th century, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Adriano de Ascensão Pires Ventura, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/36450)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: We discuss East Timor, an old Portuguese colony in Asia. The twentieth century was a tumultuous period for the relations of Timor and Portugal. Since 1515, this eastern half of the island of Timor had belonged to the policy of European discoveries, where East Timor had become a Portuguese colony. East Timor was a society traditionally divided by kingdoms, under powers of régulos and datos. The relations were very turbulent between kingdoms, where the beheadings were frequent. This was a period in which war between kingdoms and colonial power originated from the discontent of the liurais (kings in Tetum) about the regime change. The régulos of Timor Loro Sa'e did not accept the end of the monarchical regime at the 5th of October of 1910, in Lisbon. In the same century, Europe of the economically strong countries organized themselves in warlike warfare, in order to take action by attacks to confirm their superiority over others. Germany was the central figure. It was a time when the Dutch fed and fomented hatred in East Timor against the Portuguese, through the natives at the frontier. The Second World War initiated by the West against Poland in September 1939, also dragged Japan and razed the Pacific. In February 1942, Japan invaded East Timor and applied ill-treatment to its population, not respecting Portuguese neutrality. The Japanese occupation of East Timor prevented the communication of the Portuguese governor, Manuel Ferreira de Carvalho, from Dili to Lisbon, in May 1942. He had been arrested at his official residence in Dili until August 1945 when Japan had surrendered. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the power of Portugal's colonial empire decided, through the Armed Forces Movement (MFA), on 25th April 1974 to grant freedom to their colonies to choose their destination. In addition to the colonies of Portuguese Africa, East Timor had the same rights to fight for its future. In the framework of party disputes, East Timor had been thrown into a storm that seemed to last an eternity. The complexity created by the opponents of independence ruined the country and its people faced a dark chapter of their history. The crossing in which it traveled consumed great human energy of the Timorese society in promoting its program for independence. The reborn capacities of the surviving political leaders to rebuild the core of the governing body resumed a new course of activity - a fact that would make it possible to certify the independence hypothesis of East Timor with the support of the international community.

CORREIA, Manuel da Encarnação Simões, Egas Moniz: Representation, Knowledge and Power, PhD in History: Cultural History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Ana Leonor Pereira and João Rui Pita, 2011 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/15509)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: From a semiperipheral country as Portugal, the scientist‘s singularity of attaining, in 1949, the greatest scientific award of the 20th century - the Nobel Prize - has raised the issue of what sort of differences can be found in his path, in the reach of the results of his scientific work and in his life conditions could explain a such a high degree of recognition, when contrasted to other Portuguese scientists all the century along. In spite of the large, weighty and interesting available bibliography, including the Group of History and Science of the Interdisciplinary Centre of Studies of the 20th Century - CEIS20 published research, and under the scope of which we developed the present work, we have noticed three kinds of weaknesses to be deeply addressable and aiming to a more satisfying knowledge. Firstly, the circumstances surrounding the nominations of Egas Moniz to the Nobel Prize have been referred to the literature in a loose and incomplete way; Secondly, the generalised avoidance of polemics associated to the scientific discoveries Egas Moniz undertook, as well as of its stimulating role in the grasping of the problems these discoveries should be able to overcome; And thirdly, the mythmaking of Egas Moniz through a biographical bias omitting or barely referring to some central features of his social, cultural and political practices. The research undertaken in the Nobel Archives displayed a set of inedited documents containing vital information shading light on the process of evaluation and scientific rewarding that dominated the 20th century. It has been, in fact, the Nobel Prize that international consolidator of Egas Moniz‘s the image. This is a central aspect to the history and sociology of science, under the optic of Egas Moniz‘s representation, or under the perspective of the studies about scientific evaluation and rewarding devices during the 20th century. That is why the series of Egas Moniz nominations for the Nobel Prize and the reasons their peers invoked to nominate him must be confronted with the comments and appreciations signed by the Nobel Committee evaluators provide a good basis for the understanding of values and practices associated to the scientists‘s culture. Under the uncovering of the new revealed documentation it is a set of limitations become apparent. All of which derive from unclear adaptations of the Nobel‘s will and of institutional and organizational norms do not allowing an in time verification of the Nobel Committee acts. As well as one can guess in analyzing Egas Moniz dossier, the delay of 50 years impeding the public revelation of the founding for acceptance or refusal of nominated scientists, the arbitrary margin, the unjustified decisions and doubtful methods, all in all, have affected the Committee Nobel deliberations. Thus, we are aimed along our present work to 1st unmount (decompose) the intricate process of nobelization; 2nd pledge against the loose idea about the feeble political reach and engagement of Egas Moniz career; 3rd propose a redoing (recomposition) of the biographical profile in adding to it some features entailing a greater social, cultural and historic deep, underlying the main contact points between the individual and his epoch or to put it in another way, between the individual and the institutions; Moniz on his figurations, in the terms of Norbert Elias, or in the words of Wright Mills, in the intersection points between social structure and biography. Egas Moniz appears in ours present text as a set of representations ‒ built, thought and given to be read ‒ which we registered under the categorical denominations of identity fragmentation (referring to the persistence of lacunar biographies) and biographical power (deliberated conditioning of biographical versions) .Our proposal is based on the valorization of a culturally relevant series of biographic topics (what we call biographemes) and on their integration in the narrative about Egas Moniz, aimed to what we call an inclusive historiography.

CORREIA, Roberto Paulo dos Ramos Franco, Linguistic asymmetries of the curriculum: The discipline of English in the Portuguese high schools between 1836-1974, PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Joaquim António de Sousa Pintassilgo, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/35220)

Keywords: School subjects; Secondary education; English language; School programs; Teachers; English school books

Abstract: This thesis analyzes from an historical perspective, the English language discipline in the Portuguese secondary school. The historical understanding of the process (s) of construction of a foreign language and its teaching in the lyceums of Portugal, constitutes the core of the dissertation. By inscribing this study in an historical perspective, we thought to contribute to dismantle the timeless and apolitical character that seems to characterize Linguistic Education. At the theoretical level, the research articulated contributions from the history of the curriculum and the school disciplines, as well as authors related to the issues of the globalization of school education. At the empirical level, the study defined a temporal arch between the beginning of the 19th century (1836) and the third quarter of the 20th century (1974). The moments of Anglophobia and Anglophilia that marked the course of this foreign language, during the 135 years of official education, were decisive in the course followed by the discipline until the conquest of its own space in the Portuguese curriculum. This study focused on legislation, disciplinary programs, teachers ‘reports, rectors and inspectors, school textbooks and the education and teaching press, as the main sources, adopting two guidelines that, although distinct, articulated and complement each other. The first one focused on the process of social construction of linguistic material, questioned the founding discourses that legitimized the passage of knowledge from the social tradition of origin to the school culture. It also inquired about the ways in which the discipline has been incorporated and articulated with the discourses that went through the school culture and how they changed when those changed. The second line addressed the function of the English language, in a perspective of the relation of knowledge and the effects of power on the different school actors. It was sought to understand, through the pedagogical forms produced, the way discipline disciplined and how this production, which was a part of the process of curricular alchemy itself, translated into specific curricular identities, gathered under the school sign of Linguistic Education.

CORREIA, Sílvia Adriana Barbosa, The politics of memory of the First World War in Portugal, 1918-1933. Between experience and myth, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Nuno Severiano Teixeira and José Medeiros Ferreira, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5811)

Keywords: First World War; Portugal; I Portuguese Republic; Veteran; War Culture; Memory

Abstract: Constituting one of the most traumatic events of the history of the Twentieth Century, the Great War ended a global affection and turned neurologically all mobilized societies. In this paper, the politics of memory of the First World War in Portugal are placed in a European context, both as part of the sphere of cultural history and of political and social history as well. Recognizing the existence of an European culture of war, both homogenous and hegemonic, it seeks to understand the nature of the myth of the war experience in Portugal in an analysis that considers the profound divergences within Portuguese participation in the conflict within Europe, such as the disastrous effects that determined the specific process of commemoration and those that relegated to the possible condition of a mutilated victor. In dialectic between official, public and group memory, it attempts to examine in detail the politics of memory through official projects of commemoration with respect to the following points of analysis: the veterans as protagonists, their social integration and associated regulation; the processes of monumentalization of war memory (forms, rhythms of enactment and rituals of reassessing their significance). These axes can clarify particular questions: first, they explain up to what point the First Republic’s incapacity to project a consistent political memory and to deal with the traumas inflicted by the war reflects its fragility, precipitating its collapse in 1926; second, considering the historical definition of public spaces of memory, they can identify whether an official conception of commemoration actually existed in the base of the historical legitimization of republican politics; finally, considering the nature of commemorative processes, they can reveal whether the appropriation of the experience of the front for the war culture cultivated and legitimized the discourse of the political transformation after the war. In this sense, this exercise seems to deconstruct, on the one hand, the idea that the genesis of authoritarian regimes was a direct consequence of the war and, on the other, the notion that the war culture inaugurated a modernity rupture with liberal societies.

COSTA, Catarina Antunes, The Mozambican Institute and the Social State within FRELIMO, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Manuel Vicente de Sousa Lima Loff and Isabel Maria Alçada Padez Cortesão Casimiro, 2018 (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/118324)

Keywords: Mozambican Institute; FRELIMO; Education; Health; Humanitarian aid

Abstract: The Mozambican Institute was the organization that, under the formal cloak of independent foundation for humanitarian aid, allowed the Mozambican liberation movement to respond to the most basic needs of Mozambicans under its responsibility. The true welfare state that FRELIMO, thanks to the work of the Institute, could implement during the liberation struggle has allowed both refugees in Tanzania and the populations living in the areas gradually liberated in Mozambique to have a system of social protection that guaranteed them the minimum services in the areas of education and health, establishing schools, dispensaries and a hospital that responded to the needs of a population that, according to data of the Front itself, was one million two hundred thousand beneficiaries dispersed over an area of more than 250,000 km2, only in the liberated areas. All this work, besides granting immediate aid in the humanitarian and development field, allowed finding strategies that could be applied in an Independent Mozambique, aiming at the emergence of a new Nation, based on the presupposition of a new egalitarian and mentally decolonized society. The Mozambican Institute not only allowed FRELIMO to have access to international funds granted by Countries and some development and humanitarian aid organizations in Western Europe and North America that could not openly support a military organization presented by Portugal as terrorist, and also enabled the creation of true international networks of sympathy and activism towards the Mozambican cause.

COSTA, Fernando José Monteiro da, Da capo al coda. Manual of Musical Education in Portugal (1967-2004): configurations, functions, organization, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Antunes Correia Grosso, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/51228)

Keywords: Textbook; Legitimacy of the other; Emotional transfer; Textbook profile

Abstract: The textbook shows a device that performs essential educational pathways, a kind of quadrangulation between teachers, pupils, parents and publishers. The present research takes into account the particularities of the textbook, as support and as a device for interpretation and its corpus the textbooks of music education, produced from the creation of CPES and by the year 2004. The conceptual scheme adopted investigates a set of information and concepts, which highlight the debate on curriculum resources, interpretation and control of curriculum, emotional transfer, organization models of the textbook, from which search results are guided, in part, to the questioning about what is the textbook, what is its purpose and the need to be around a more critical reading.

COSTA, Luís dos Reis Alves da, Morphogenesis and literary processes: from René Thom to Henri Michaux, PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Christopher Damien Auretta and António Manuel Nunes dos Santos, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18155)

Keywords: Geometry; Aesthetics; Morphogenesis; Poetics; Meaning; Theory of Catastrophes

Abstract: This dissertation is based on our assumption that there exists a correspondence between literary and topological morphogenetic processes. Although not unrelated to approaches characteristically moving from literature to science, our critical perspective prefers to move from scientific structures to literary forms, more precisely, from topology’s specific mathematical universe to the field of poetics and poetry. Several substantive issues are subsequently raised and addressed, such as: can a poem, or a corpus of poems, be analyzed by way of a geometric theory of spaces? Are artistic processes somehow determined by the same laws that pertain to stratification processes, conservation of structures, and properties of topological fields? If so, in what way? How does our understanding of the logic of forms influence, enhance, or condition our reading of the poetry in question? To what extent can artistic identity survive such intrusions by science? To lend support to our hypothesis, we have followed the work of René Thom, according to whom there persists an independent substrate by virtue of which homologous properties are maintained regardless of their material basis. Thus, in order to identify a projection of objects and topological changes germane to literary objects and their respective transformations, we have opted to directly apply the conceptual foundation underpinning Thom’s Theory of Catastrophes to the poetic material basis. Furthermore, by doing so, we have developed our premise that poetics, itself a manifestation of linguistic phenomena, is the result of an increasing complexity enhanced by the structuring function of an axis of meaning. We would therefore expect to find homologous processes and stability levels, as well as commensurate peculiarities of border and transition, existing between topology and poetry, a finding which has placed René Thom’s thought at the forefront of critical inquiry in the history and philosophy of science. Finally, as a case-study, we have applied René Thom’s unique understanding of the fundamental elements of topological perspective to a comprehensive interpretation of Henri Michaux’s complex poetic universe. In light of our research path as outlined above, we have detected, identified, and characterized the dynamic presence of successive catastrophes in Michaux’s poetry, which in turn permits us to propose our hermeneutic grid as a theoretical model for further applications in the field of literature and science.

COSTA, Rui Manuel Pinto, Fighting against cancer and oncology in Portugal: Structuring and normalization of a scientific area (1839-1974), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/50414)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Following very closely the global movement of the first quarter of the 20th century, the organization of the fight against cancer in Portugal surpassed some European countries, both on planning and edification of a project that became fundamental to medical and scientific national life. During the 20’s and 30’s, the risk triggered by the disease accompanied the deep transformation of the place occupied by medicine on public health, as well as its new role in a society that wanted itself to be molded under the sign of modernity. An anticancerous movement emerged then, mostly from a group of medical doctors connected to the academic world, in close link to the political cupolas of the time. Inserted between a growing medical specialty and the health needs of cancer patients, the Portuguese fight against cancer was the result of an association between several factors, exceeding the mere assimilation of new medical technologies or the creation of a proper space for specialized medical practice. It became a way to perform an intense health education program on behalf of the populations, a state of the art instrument for specialized medical formation, as well as a reference of scientific modernity in the Estado Novo context.

COUTS, Patrícia Alexandra Matias Gomes dos Santos de Antunes, All Poetry or Complete Poems: variants, fluctuations and textual practices in Herbert Helder, PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by José Esteves Pereira, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/49838)

Keywords: Herberto Helder; Textual history; Poetic practice; Editing techniques; Concept of complete poetry

Abstract: The objective of this study is to tell a story: the textual history of the «whole poetry» organized and published by Herberto Helder during his lifetime. As is known, the author has made numerous textual modifications in every text he published, causing the first text to become another text. It is intended, therefore, to make a historical journey throughout this poetic work, taking as its starting point the first edition of Helder’s «whole poetry». This study will display all the textual changes that have taken place until they have reached the final shape of each text (the last volume of the «whole poetry» published by the author during his life). Similarly, it will also be checked and indicated what has been taken out of the last volume, the last work in which that text appeared for the last time, as well as its own textual history.

CUNHA, Adelino Filipe Saraiva da, Portuguese communists in exile (1960-1974), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Costa Pinto, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/23645)

Keywords: PCP; Exílio Político Funcional; Clandestineness; Estado Novo; Internatzionalny Dom; International Communist Movement; Détente

Abstract: Álvaro Cunhal's exile, following his prison break in 1960, marked a new stage in the history of the Portuguese Communist Party (PCP): for the first time, the Secretariat of the Central Committee was settled abroad, which favoured the gradual achievement of a number of collective Portuguese Communist exiles in Algiers, Moscow, Bucharest, Prague and Paris, including a group of children in Ivanovo. This transitory exile depended on the confluence of various personal circumstances and the fulfilment of specific functions abroad to contribute to the fight in Portugal. It is a Functional Political Exile and its application marked much of the 60s and allowed PCP to have great exposure to the intense contemporary dynamics of those times.

CUNHA, Adrião Palmiro Bessa Pereira da, Humberto Delgado in “Salazar's Portugal”, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2016 (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/90699)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

CUNHA, Alice da Conceição Monteiro Pita Brito da, The Iberian enlargement of the European Economic Community: the Portuguese experience, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9076)

Keywords: Enlargement; European Economic Community; Portugal

Abstract: Between 1978 and 1985, Portugal negotiated accession to the European Economic Community. It was the result of a political, diplomatic and economic effort that faced many obstacles, exceeded setbacks and accomplished the desired goal. This thesis examines the accession process in an historical perspective, in relation to its framework, setup, procedures and actors, and demonstrates that there were several constraints, both by institutions and community rules, and also regarding Member States, who used the prospect of enlargement on their own behalf.

CUNHA, Paulo Manuel Ferreira da, The new Portuguese cinema. Public policies and production modes (1949-1980), PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Pedro Couto da Rocha Pita, 2015 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/27043)

Keywords: New Portuguese cinema; Public policies; Production mode; Art cinema

Abstract: The goal of this thesis is to work, on an organised manner, with a series of data related to the practice and study of cinema, in order to understand what I define as New Portuguese Cinema, in all its complexity. It is a renovation moment in the history of the Portuguese cinema, which I decided to limit between 1949 and 1980: a period ranging from the abandonment of the Secretariado Nacional de Informação, Turismo e Cultura Popular (1949) by António Ferro to the remodelling of the Cinemateca Portuguesa, which had administrative and financial independency and was considered to be a Directorate-General within the Secretariat of State for Culture, due to the institutional reorganization that took place after 25th April 1974 (1980). In practice, I wish to: characterize this period of the Portuguese cinema, taking into consideration the conflict between “old cinema” and “new cinema”; study the evolution of the Portuguese cinema while taking into account the internationalization process of the Portuguese culture and evaluating its impact in the artistic and cultural practice and its process of circulation and appropriation; understand the relationship between political power and cultural and artistic practice; and evaluate the importance of the artistic expression as a social manifestation. Throughout this text, I will analyse the broad lines of public politics for cinema in Portugal and the Portuguese cinema’s ways of production between 1949-1980, aiming to identify, characterize and scrutinize the renewal attempts over this period, namely: the end of António Ferro’s cultural and artistic project and the institutional void of the following years; the affirmation of the neo-realistic and film society movements; the structural transformations of César Moreira Baptista; the birth of modern cinema; the radicalisation of proposals and the adoption of a cooperative model; the divisions and partitions that occurred after 25th April 1974; and the definitive confirmation of the internationalization strategy in the production and spread of the Portuguese cinema. As a working hypothesis to understand this period in all its complexity, I decided to develop the “way of production” concept, which intends to contribute to a historical turn and revision by valuing the extra film factors that firmly influence the production and spread of cinema. This contradicts the dominant stereotyped vision that does not know, distrusts or ignores the important historical sources that were not used to understand the object of this thesis. The concept also aims at extending the analysis beyond the usual filmic and textual materials (criticism and theoretical). I think that it is essential to stress the importance of distribution, exhibition and reception of movies, among other things, to understand the evolution of the production system in Portuguese cinema during the period in analysis, as well as the transformation of the idea of cinema, criticism and love of the cinema that would contribute so much to the its renewal. It is particularly serious to underestimate or ignore these questions in the study of the Portuguese cinema because they are significantly related with the film practice and they have always been present in the process of affirmation and recognition of the New Portuguese cinema. On a very general level, this is the approach that I propose to study cinema in the 1949-1980 period. I believe that it is necessary a broader analysis of the object to understand it in all its complexity. To the traditional analysis that is more usual in the written records on the Portuguese cinema, I intend to add the study of other aspects: the level of business organisation, the conditions to enter in national and international markets that exhibit and distribute cinema, the production and regulation of legislation, the governmental investment and the technological evolution.

DIAS, Luís Augusto Costa, The “Vertex” of a Cultural Renewal. Periodic press in the formation of Neo-Realism (1930-1945), PhD in History: Cultural History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Reis Torgal and António Pedro Pita, 2012 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/20295)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: In order to give answers to a line of research opened by the Group of Artistic Currents and Intellectual Movements, based in the Centre of 20th Century Interdisciplinary Studies of the University of Coimbra, the present work aimed to inquire whether Portuguese Neo-Realism constituted an aesthetic chain, bearer of an aesthetic vision of its own and alternative to its contemporary models, from the historical territory in which its protagonists confronted themselves in (and with) certain circumstances of cultural and political life. It was a question of whether (and how) Neo-Realism resisted or not to an exclusively diachronic appeal at a time when important battles seemed to suggest to writers and artists an immediate commitment of literature and art to a certain subject; but also if the aesthetic indoctrination then produced, with more or less lucidity than the urgency of reality and the levels of maturity of its authors would have allowed, sustained the creative practices; and finally, whether the responses of literary, artistic, and essayistic creation have shown, on the part of the protagonists, concordant, univocal results or, on the contrary, have opened dissonant or juxtaposed solutions. In order to do this, research was carried out in order to identify the personal paths and trajectories of groups where exploratory outbreaks of spontaneity in creation and reflection gave way to spontaneity in a public process - a process of formation in which the emergence of such protagonists in juvenile periodicals, during a long period between 1931 and 1940, was unveiled as a discursive process, of thought and of creation in becoming, until the moment of its consecration as authors and, jointly, as cultural movement.

DIAS, Rafael de Almeida Serra, Brethren Peoples? Brazilians in Portugal: Identity Disputes and Negotiations (1986-2007), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Carlos Manuel Coelho Maurício, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14393)

Keywords: Immigration; Brazilian immigrants; Media; Identities

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the disputes and identity transactions made by Brazilian immigrants in Portugal and historicizing the period through the actions taken by these individuals in diaspora and the reactions of the Portuguese society. Academic studies about Brazilian immigration in Portugal address many studies case, with little historical concern. Starting from the existing production of various studies, it is proposed to develop a comprehensive research on the subject, allowing it a general perspective on this movement, which took impactful proportions in Portuguese society in the process of taking the lead of foreigners in Portugal. The relations between Brazil and Portugal are undeniable, besides the common historical issues, there is a production of meanings and images by the media and the government of the respective countries that (re) feeds those relations. It was created by an expression that sums up this idea: "fraternal people." From this work of social history, it seeks to deconstruct the discourse and it brings out the contradictions involving the processes of Brazilian migration to Portugal between 1986 and 2007. To achieve its goal, it was analyzed several sources such as newspapers associations, magazines, religious newspapers, Portuguese main newspapers, oral interviews, movies, Portuguese government documents and other records.

DOMINGOS, Susana Isabel Marcelino Guerra, Portugal and Thailand - From the end of extraterritoriality to portuguese admission on CEE (1925-1986), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/62448)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This work pretends to follow the previous master research, were we study the relations between Portugal and Thailand between 1820 and 1925. Trying to deepen the studies that have been made, to mend the gaps and the omissions, in order to extend the reach of the questions raised, we propose to deal with the relations between both these countries, by putting the tone on the singular juridical and political regime that once allowed Portugal to maintain a privileged presence in the region, in a nation that, even suffering from the presence of foreign powers, would never became a colony. So, our purpose with the present study is to dislocate toward the immediate period, to the contemporary, in order to reconstruct the political specificities, as well as singular commercial, economic and cultural features existing in Portuguese presence in the XXth century Thailand. The hypothesis, coming from the examination of documents from the associated archive, verifies that the relationship between both countries in the XXth century are marked by extraterritoriality from the middle XIXth century (portrayed by strong bilateral treaties, nevertheless wasted and poorly exploited by Portugal) to be followed by a period of absence of relevant treaties, only to be rescued by a faint desire to renew the bounds that only leads to the ratification of small agreements of little signification, as well as to a series of diplomatic meetings marked by speeches and well-intentioned declarations, that don’t leads to an increase in the relationship between Portugal and Thailand, and which relevance is basically its symbolic appropriation by both countries involved. This analysis has as aim, not such the general history of international affairs, than a work on the history of the bilateral relationship between Portugal and Thailand, even if the consideration of foreign policy plays here an important role, whenever necessary. In this sense, the theory of international relations do not regulate nor determine the form that took the research, even if its approach answers to an specific object. We believe that that by making available all the material present in the archives, after its critical approach, it will bring more information about the presence of Portugal in Southeast Asia, as well as further investigations that could be done over the same subject. This work deals in its first part, with Portuguese foreign policy between 1890 and 1986, with the analysis of the Portuguese politic context since the end of XIX century throughout the XX century, presenting the essential lines that marked the political performance of all national regimes on the draw of its foreign policy. The second part tries to illustrate that political evolution since the establishment of unequal treaties until the end of XXth century, given special consideration to the way military governments strengthen their power during the rise of the that democratic process and the way Thailand gets out of British and French sphere of influence, in defense of its own national sovereignty, to be dragged into Washington´s foreign policy. The third part refers to the contacts established between Portugal and Thailand during the age of unequal treaties, by the study of bilateral treaties signed during this period: the treaty of 1859, which establishes the Portuguese extraterritoriality regime; the treaty of 1925 which puts an end to this distinctive juridical regime, and the treaty of 1938, which brings to an end all privileges ascribed to western powers. Finally, a description of the whole process of negotiation for the last commercial treaty with Portugal, signed in 1938, inscribed in a new age of treaties founded in more equity premises with other nations, that would finally bring Thailand’s renewed international position to scene. The fourth part, though based in diplomatic correspondence between the Portuguese consulate and the foreign office in Lisbon, uses preferentially the national newspapers to analyze the meetings between heads of state, those visits made first by Chulalongkorn in 1897, and later by Bhumibol in 1960, as well as the first visit of a Portuguese member of the government ever since, in the person of the president Jorge Sampaio to Bangkok in 1999; this part also refers to the last treaties signed between Portugal and Thailand (1985, 1989 and 2001). This work is completed with a series of appendix related to the documentary set material associated to the present analyses considering maps, chronologies, documents and treaties, as well as photographs.

EIRAS, Ruben Maciel Correia Ribeiro, Energy security policy: the potential of strategic cooperation between Portugal and Brazil in the period 2008-2012, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Carlos Manuel Mendes Dias and Borges Gouveia, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/13716)

Keywords: Energy security; Portugal; Brazil; Cooperation; Oil; Natural gas; Geopolitical risk

Abstract: The intense exploration and production (E&P) of energy resources has enabled high levels of social development. However, few countries are energy self-sufficient. The unequal geographical distribution of vital energy resources also leads to an unequal distribution of power over their extraction, processing and distribution, upbringing a complex interdependence in the global economy, in which the evolution of world geopolitics impacts the security of energy trade in international markets. Therefore, energy security has been gaining increasing importance as a priority of national and international politics as a system composed of national and international political institutions to respond in a coordinated way to disruptions (keep a steady flow of supplies), where development and innovation policies are needed to ensure adequate supply and infrastructure. It is in this context that Brazil will become the 6th largest oil producer of the world in 2020, derived from technological innovation for exploring and produce oil and gas (O&G) in ultra-deep water environment. In this new O&G production site operates Galp Energia, a Portuguese-based company, which will belong to the five largest producers of oil in Brazil in 2020. This PhD Thesis, through quantitative and qualitative analysis of Portugal and Brazil’s energy security, demonstrates that, despite the strong asymmetric relationship between the two nations, both could significantly improve its energy security if they implement strategic cooperation initiatives in the fields of science, technology and innovation in exploration and production of oil and natural gas.

FERREIRA, Ana Sofia de Matos, Armed Struggle in Portugal (1970-1974), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16326)

Keywords: Marcelismo; Armed struggle; Political violence; Radical left; Colonial war; Opposition

Abstract: The issue of the use of armed struggle to overthrow the dictatorship in Portugal generate discussions, debates and ruptures within the Portuguese opposition long before the emerging of the first organizations that held armed actions. It was in the aftermath of the campaign for the presidential elections of 1958, with the popular support for the campaign of Humberto Delgado, the candidate from the opposition, and the realization of the large dimension of the electoral fraud, that the first discussions about the inevitability of resorting to armed violence to overthrow the dictatorship occurred. However, only in the 70s the political, economic and social circumstances in the country favor the appearance of other armed organizations. The nearly ten years of colonial war had outworn the regime and the anti-war demonstrations were increasing, with an increasing number of deserters and refractory to growing from year to year. At the same time, the country was getting more industrialized and with more services; watching the growing of middle class, schooling, immigration and the change of mentality, brought by the increasing access to what was going on in the world. It would be in this context that traditional forms of opposition, based on peaceful demonstrations and petitions, are felt as outdated and ineffective and begin to proliferate Marxist-Leninist organizations that theorized about the armed struggle and conceived plans of armed action against the regime, increasing the number of those who argued that the regime would fall only with the use of violence. In 1967, LUAR carried out the first armed action against the regime, the assault to the agency of the Bank of Portugal in Figueira da Foz, with the objective of take money that would be used to finance future armed action. In 1970, the Portuguese Communist Party, after a long standing maturation period, advanced with ARA that carried out the first action in October of that year, the sabotage of the ship Cunene that participate with logistics support to the colonial war. In 1971, it was the Revolutionary Brigades that triggered the first step, a bombing attack to Headquarters of NATO at Fonte da Telha. Until the 25th April 1974, several armed actions were committed by these organizations, with the singularity of only reach the repressive and the military regime, and follow the irreducible principle of not doing fatalities among civilians. The 25th April 1974 would correspond to the epilogue of a process of armed contestation to Estado Novo, that accelerate in his last years.

FERREIRA, Diogo Teixeira Guedes, Emigration from the Oporto district to Brazil (1918-1931). From the end of the First World War to the Great Capitalist Crisis, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Coelho de Meireles Pereira, 2011

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

FERREIRA, Margarida Sofia Panarra Inácio Borges, The History of Philosophy of Education in Portugal. From the teaching programs to the disciplinary field (1976-2006), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Justino Magalhães and Maria Teresa Santos, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15443)

Keywords: Philosophy of Education; History of Education; Disciplinary Field; Discipline Identity; Portuguese Philosophers of Education

Abstract: The History of Philosophy of Education in Portugal. From the teaching programs to the disciplinary field (1976-2006), is a study that aims to systematize the philosophical activity on the educational issue, by Portuguese philosophers directly dedicated to teaching this discipline at the University Institution. The documental collection to support the structuring of a discursive hermeneutics concerning the formal conditions attached to the institutionalization of the disciplinary field, the pressing philosophical and educational matrices, the relations between the elements of the field and the ethos analysis of the Portuguese philosophers of education was built according the ability to map the set of issues, problems, authors and epistemological concepts within the temporal arc that comprises the study, were revealed in the disciplinary field of philosophy of education at the level of its presence in the teaching programs and published texts by those responsible for teaching the discipline. What this study intends to advocate, ultimately, is the militancy on the part of the national philosophers of education to for the advocacy on the importance of the presence of philosophical reflection on the issue of education, of the humanistic and anthropological character which demarcated the identity of the Portuguese Philosophy of Education and the depletion of its academic status among the national academic world, given its potential. In this way, we begin by analyzing the process of consolidation of the disciplinary field of Philosophy of Education in Portugal, starting from the analysis of the a priori conditions that allowed the institutionalization of the discipline, to subsequently explain the past reality of their emergence and the disciplinary proceedings in the different institutions for the a posteriori outline of the ethos of the Portuguese philosophers of education.

FERREIRA, Óscar Manuel Ramos, History of the Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras (1940-1968): Learning to teach and professionalize, PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Justino Magalhães and Áurea Adão, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/8681)

Keywords: History of Education; History of Nursing; Estado Novo; Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras

Abstract: With this thesis I intend to recognize and disclose the Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras as an educational institution, through the reconstruction of its historical materiality, its evolution and its policy framework in the Estado Novo (1940 - 1968), through the characterization of their culture, the graduates profile, the curriculum, the intervention in public health and through the construction of its historical identity. Accordingly I consulted authors who have worked and theorized about the Educational Institutions History and the Nursing History. Reconstitution and data collection were performed in the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa archive; in the Instituto Português de Oncologia library; in the Biblioteca Nacional, Arquivo Histórico do Ministério da Educação, Direção-Geral de Saúde, Torre do Tombo, Rádio e Televisão de Portugal SA and in the Rockefeller Foundation Archive, New Iork; characterization of sources, documentation analysis, and heuristic and hermeneutic treatment were carried out. From the overall perception I inferred an evolutional sense that the monograph writing reflects. As research results three phases of the institution educational history were identified: creation (1935-1940); early days, in which consolidation occurred (1941-1946) and maturity (1947-1968). In this last phase two moments were identified: statement of (academic years of 1946/47 a 1953/54); apogee and opening to the world (academic years 1954/55 1967/68). In the creation phase of this school emphasize the importance and influence of the Rockefeller Foundation, the Instituto Português de Oncologia and the Direção-Geral de Saúde. In the second and third periods I emphasize the importance of the Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras in training public health officials and the development of nursing in general and of public health nursing in particular, in nursing education policies with obvious repercussions on teaching practices and curricula followed in other schools of nursing both in Portugal and abroad, and public policies enacted relating to nursing education, particularly in 1952 and 1965. At the end of the third and final phase studied (1958-1968) and as a result of the permanence of the School under the supervision of the Ministério da Educação Nacional I highlight its "inability" to innovate and create the so aspired postgraduate nursing studies. Therefore The Escola Técnica de Enfermeiras was unable to fulfill its ideals and complete the project that had been proposed.

FERREIRA, Paulo Bruno Rodrigues, Iberianism, Hispanism and its opposites: Portugal and Spain (1908-1931), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos and Maria da Conceição Meireles Pereira, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/22974)

Keywords: Iberism; Hispanism; Anti-iberism; Nationalism; December 1^st

Abstract: Iberism is a concept that began to be discussed from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, evolving and finding ramifications depending on the political-economic transformations that took place in Portugal and Spain. If Iberism was first used to advocate an Iberian union or the integration of peninsular nations into a wider territorial, political and economic space, new interpretations emerged from the last decades of the nineteenth century. Authors such as Oliveira Martins, Miguel de Unamuno, António Sardinha, Fidelino de Figueiredo or Fernando Pessoa used terms such as Hispanism or Peninsularism, defending cultural and spiritual iberisms that respected the differences of each country. The colonial crises of the turn of the century (the Ultimatum of 1890 and the Disaster of 1898) contributed to endowing iberism with new meanings. Hispano-Americanism or pan-Hispanism were expressions that designated cultural and political projects involving the Iberian and American countries in a transnational community based on civilizational sharing. Starting from the press and sources such as those in the archives of the Portuguese and Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, including reports and correspondence of diplomats, as well as texts from other political and intellectual figures, we will try, in addition to situating the multiples senses of Iberism in the contemporary histories of Portugal and Spain, to identify the responses offered by iberisms and hispanisms to peninsular crises and to understand why, for various Portuguese nationalists, any attempt of Iberian approach was considered a sign of decadence and moral degeneration. In an attempt to assess the relevance of the nationalists who despised iberism, the study of anti-iberism will be deepened, not only from sources such as those indicated, but also from documents such as those of the Historical Society Archive of Independence. In addition to being essential for the statistical treatment of members, the books and archives in the Commission's archive and the press were indispensable for tracing the socio-political profile of its members and for monitoring the anti-iberist arguments in which they were involved.

FIGUEIRA, João José Monteiro, The State on Portuguese Electrification: From the Electrification Law of the country to EDP, PhD in Economics submitted to the Faculty of Economics of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Nuno João de Oliveira Valério, 2013

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23208)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The chronological limits of this work are defined by the publication of the Law of Electrification of the Country, in December 1944 and by the establishment of the company EDP - Electricidade de Portugal, in June 1976, after the nationalization of the electricity sector, in the previous year. That legal statute defined the basis of electrification in almost all aspects, the definition of the national electrical network concept; the rules for transportation and large energy distribution; rules for the concessions’ operations the establishment of production centrals, lines of transportation and large and small distribution; the definition of the various price systems and subsystems, and the conditions according to which private initiatives might relate to the public networks of energy distribution. In the definition of the concept of national electrical network was implied a new understanding of what the State role should be in the sector; until then its action was confined to the production of legislation and supervision of various production systems and the establishment of networks; with this legal statute the State will establish the conditions to an increased involvement, assuming, in the future, the leadership of the energy production and distribution. To assume this role, the State will establish partnerships with the major electric companies in the country, invest on the constitution of power companies with mixed capital, for the construction of large hydroelectric and thermo producers that profited from national resources and for the establishment of a national transportation system, connecting the production and consumption centers. The State involvement, divided by shareholdings in five companies, which were the largest companies in the sector, originated an extraordinary increase of all important indicators in the sector until the mid-1970s, while areas linked to its development established conditions for national and international assertion. On this point, it is worth mentioning the engineers, who projected and executed major projects, the companies which provided materials, an area in which they will also position themselves as significant producers and suppliers, and major construction companies in the country that will assert themselves, in Portugal and abroad, largely by the experience gained in these business ventures. In the late 1960s, the State will take another step the definition of a model able to carry out the implementation of the electrification of the country, sponsoring the merger of all companies in the sector in which the State was a shareholder and creating, instead of those, a new one - the Companhia Portuguesa de Electricidade (CPE); through it the State had now a direct control over the largest production centers in the country, along with the transport network, now integrated into a single entity. Other ways in which the State action was decisive was the massive investment made in this sector, within the framework of the development plans (Planos de Fomento), both directly and through agencies and entities over which it had authority, specifically the social security institutions, the Banco de Fomento Nacional and the Caixa Geral de Depósitos, and even the reimbursements (comparticipações) an instrument through which the State supported the initiatives of small distribution. Moreover, the State was stipulating "decreasing scale tariffs", imposing a new tariff model to retailers who it supplied in high voltage, promoting gradual tariff harmonization. Around 1970, and as a consequence of these options, electricity production was concentrated in a company that represented more than 90% of the energy produced in Portugal at that time, besides being the owner of almost all the transport network for high voltage. At the same time a decrease in the number of dealers was observed through redemption, refusal of time extension of the concessions, or the concentration of these concessions in the Municipalities Federations (Federações de Municípios), with a particular focus on the northern and central interior of the country and in the south. At the same time the regional distribution to industrial customers and some concessions, were still in charge of larger companies and larger concession areas. But these companies depended entirely of the State policy for the sector, as the CPE, that supplied them, determined energy prices and tariff systems, allowing them a very circumscribed role, disguised through shareholdings in the CPE, which the State encouraged by giving them an apparent importance in the sector, which they no longer had. That appearance ended with the nationalization of the largest producers and distributors of electricity in the country, in April 1975 and the subsequent establishment of EDP - Electricidade de Portugal, in June 1976. This measure, along with another decision which determined that the entire national electricity sector -small dealers of production and distribution, Municipalities Federations, Municipal Services, and other agents with responsibilities in this sector -were gradually integrated into EDP, leaving only self-supply systems appart; through EDP the State would control the entire strategic national electrical sector. If the planned integration of concessions operated by small businesses and the Municipalities Federations was relatively easy, the same didn’t happen with the municipal services in many Municipalities, which saw these services as an important source of revenue and power, and resisted to the integration, in some cases, until to the beginning of the 1990s.After nearly three decades of implementing Law2002, all indicators in the electricity sector had incomparably greater values, whether they were on the installed capacity, the electricity production, the consumption per capita or on the exploitation of national resources in electricity generation. The concentration of the electricity sector in EDP, culminates the process of the State intervention, that began to rise in the 1940s.

FONSECA, Ana Mónica Rôla da, The Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the Portuguese Democratization (1969-1986), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António Costa Pinto, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9673)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

FONSECA, Pedro Ricardo Gouveia da, Darwin in Portugal (1910-1974). Darwinism and evolution in the scientific production of Portuguese botanists, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Ana Leonor Pereira and João Rui Pita, 2015 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/28562)

Keywords: Darwin; Darwin in Portugal; History of Darwinism; History of botany; Portuguese botanists

Abstract: This study aims to clarify the influence of Darwinism on Portuguese botany, between 1910 and 1974, seeking to verify the originality of the country’s reception of Darwin’s theory of evolution and the influence of Darwinian concepts on scientific research. The main purpose of the first section is the contextualization of the central problem of our study within the general framework of the international history of Darwinism based on extensive research into the major works signed by established scholars in the field and identical studies. In line with some of the latest trends of the studies on the reception and the history of Darwinism, the first section also strives to show how Darwin was translated, represented and celebrated in Portugal. The following sections evaluate the influence of Darwinism upon the scientific production of twelve Portuguese botanists who lectured and conducted research at the University of Coimbra (Júlio Augusto Henriques, Luís Wittnich Carrisso, Aurélio Quintanilha and Abílio Fernandes), the University of Lisbon (António Xavier Pereira Coutinho, Rui Teles Palhinha, Flávio Resende and Carlos das Neves Tavares) and the University of Porto (Gonçalo Sampaio, Américo Pires de Lima, Manuel Joaquim Ferreira and Arnaldo Roseira). The analysis seeks to ascertain whether the scientific investigations of the cited Portuguese botanists were influenced by Darwinism. It also strives to verify whether their pedagogical works and the course syllabi they lectured included topics related to evolution, whether they engaged in the dissemination of evolutionary ideas in Portugal, whether they carried out translations of important works related to evolution, whether they kept abreast of the most relevant events that took place relating to the history of evolution and whether any of their students devoted themselves to evolutionary studies. Darwinism rapidly became one the most favoured topics of discussion of the scientific community, being widely debated at a theoretical level. However, the theory did not have an immediate influence on the research conducted by the biological sciences of the late 19th century and early 20th century.

FONTES, Jorge Filipe Figueiredo, History of the labor movement in Setenave (1974-1989), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Raquel Cardeira Varela and Fernando Mendes Rosas, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/20190)

Keywords: Workers' movement; Shipping industry; Setenave; Workers' control; Social pact

Abstract: The present thesis concerns the history of the Portuguese labour movement in the shipbuilding and repair company Setenave, located in Mitrena, Setúbal, during a period ranging from approximately 1974 to 1989. It seeks to demonstrate the central role played by that movement in the wider history of labour relations in Portugal, from workers' control, to social pacts and industrial reconversion. As one of the strategic industrial units during the Portuguese revolution of 1974-75, Setenave took part in that period’s major events, making it an important case study for the revolutionary process. This thesis analyses the Workers’ Commissions, labour protests, workers' control, the role of the administrations, the influence of political parties, political programs and projects. By analyzing the imposition of mechanisms of consent creation and repression, as well as the responses given by the workers and their labour, trade union and political leaderships to the post-revolutionary relation of forces in Portuguese society, this thesis attempts to demonstrate Setenave’s pioneering and central role in the establishment of the so-called ‘social pact’, arguing that the outcome of this dispute led to the emergence of a new paradigm of liberalization and precarization of the national industrial relations.

FREIRE, João Sérgio Gilzans d’Oliveira, Portugal in the Biafra War. Estado Novo's diplomacy in Africa (1967-1969), PhD in History submitted to the History, Arts and Humanities Department of the Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa, supervised by Amadeu Carvalho Homem and Luís Alves de Fraga, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/11144/3409)

Keywords: New state; Overseas policy; Decolonization; War of Biafra; Saint Thomas

Abstract: The overseas policy of the Estado Novo was to preserve the Portuguese colonial empire in all its trance, contesting the wind of change blowing after the Second World War, affirming in all international forums the peculiar and secular way of the Portuguese presence in Africa and defending the integrity of continental and oversea Portugal, based on elementary historical rights and the plurality of the Portuguese State. In the early 1960s, with the outbreak of the so-called "colonial war" on three fronts, after years of repeated condemnation by the UN General Assembly and UN Security Council of its colonial policy, the Portuguese Government still advocated that it had no dependent or non-autonomous territories because the overseas provinces were self-administered, as well as metropolitan ones. These were independent as long as the Portuguese Nation was independent. In the obstinate stubbornness of maintaining the Empire, for political and strategic reasons, Africa became the stage of the Portuguese diplomatic actions and even the theater of operations of espionage and counter-espionage. Salazar's diplomacy played on all the chessboards of the world chess, incessantly pursuing support for its overseas cause with the western powers and even of other countries of smaller strategic dimension. He sought allies from the neighboring territories of his colonies in a dichotomy of friends versus enemies, whose cooperation could minimize support for the "liberation movements" that waged war on Portugal and safeguard peace in overseas territories where guerrillas did not operate on the ground. The cunning Portuguese diplomatic policy in support of Biafra was based on maximum secrecy and considerable discretion both externally and internally and on the assertion that international conventions and freedom of transit established for the Portuguese Government the obligation to authorize the use of the airport of São Tomé by airplanes from Biafra or similar situations. It was within the framework of the collusive neutrality already used in the Second World War, which we have called compromised diplomacy, that the Portuguese Government militarily supported, between 1967 and 1969, Biafra in its secession war, always denying having provided any assistance to the new Separatist state. Lisbon was the most important communications center for the leaders of Biafra. Portugal authorized the delegation of the Government of Biafra in its capital and on that island of the Gulf of Guinea. It facilitated private arms deals in Lisbon and sent to Biafra Portuguese military equipment, with transshipment in São Tomé. It allowed, through the national airports and ports, mainly via São Tome, for weapons, ammunition, chemical products for the manufacture of explosives, spare parts for airplanes and helicopters, mercenaries, miscellaneous goods, food products and coin to arrive at Biafra. It also collaborated with international humanitarian organizations in helping the martyred people of Biafra.

FREITAS, Joana Gaspar de, The Portuguese coast in contemporary times: Representations, practices and consequences. The cases of Espinho and Algarve (c.1851 to c. 1990), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos and João Alveirinho Dias, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/3004)

Keywords: History; Man; Man/Seashore interactions; Risks

Abstract: In this work we trace the evolution of human occupation of Portuguese coast during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, in order to understand how a territory nearly empty and neglected - inhabited only by fishermen - became a prime spot for the elite’s vacation and, a few decades later, a major holiday destination for all people. We analysed how coastal representatins have changed regarding the uses it has been given and how the living experience of the space has imposed a set of urban structures that produced irreversible (and unpredictable) changes on natural coastal systems dynamics. We also attempt to relate the configuration of today's coastal landscape - deeply anthropized - with representations and practices associated to man´s presence in seashore in the last two centuries. The purpose is to show the role of anthropogenic actions in the intensification of risks impending today upon populations located near the sea. This thesis is a History contribution for the current scientific debate about Man/Seashore interactions.

GANHÃO, Paula Maria, The image of the Nation: the Houses of Portugal Abroad during the Estado Novo, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Nuno Luís Monteiro Madureira Fernandes, 2018

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

GARCÍA PEREDA, Ignacio, Forestry experts: The first foresters in Portugal, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Maria de Fátima Nunes and Ana Cardoso de Matos, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/23656)

Keywords: Science; Foresty; Colletions; “expert”; Networks

Abstract: The thesis “Forestry experts: The first foresters in Portugal” aims to emphasize the collective nature of the construction of forestry knowledge in Portugal, between 1801 and 1974. It was sought to analyze the role of the various experts in the institutionalization of the forest sciences and techniques, starting from material culture and documentation, as sources for understanding the national and international networks involved, particularly with regard to the circulation of ideas and practices. Supported by the recent theoretical perspectives of the “experts studies”, concretely from the writings of Collins and Evans, we rehearse in this thesis its application to the collective of “experts” of the Portuguese forestry sector. By highlighting the multiplicity of actors involved in the processes of forest knowledge production, this thesis identifies the processes of formation and development of scientific culture and contributes to the expansion of historiographic narratives about contemporary Portuguese history.

GARCIA, José Luís Lima, Ideology and colonial propaganda in Estado Novo: From the Agência Geral das Colónias to the Agência Geral do Ultramar (1924-1974), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Reis Torgal, 2012 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/20029)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

GASPAR, Maria Júlia Neto, Routes of nuclear physics and energy in the Portuguese capital: Science, power and politics (1947-1973), PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Ana Isabel da Silva Araújo Simões, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/16027)

Keywords: Nuclear physics and engineering; Estado Novo (New State); Institutional spaces; Circulation and internationalization

Abstract: In this thesis, the relationship between science and political power during the Cold War and the Estado Novo (New State) of António de Oliveira Salazar, and of his successor Marcelo Caetano is analyzed through the lenses of nuclear physics and engineering in the Portuguese capital, in the period between 1947 and 1973. The construction of the Portuguese scientific and technological landscape is discussed by focusing on several institutions, from research in experimental nuclear physics in the Physics Laboratory of Lisbon Faculty of Sciences to the nuclear program adopted by the political power in post-World War II associated with institutions such as the Nuclear Energy Board and its Nuclear Physics and Engineering Laboratory. Other spaces are also discussed such as the Center for Nuclear Physical Studies installed at the Portuguese Cancer Institute, and the radioisotope laboratory of Civil Engineering National Laboratory. Uranium was both the mediator of the internationalization of the Portuguese nuclear program, and the driving force behind the creation of the Nuclear Energy Board, which depended directly on the Presidency of the Ministers’ Council, under the direct control of Salazar. The Board was headed by José Frederico Ulrich, Leite Pinto, and Kaúlza de Arriaga all regime men, politically trusted by Salazar. However nuclear power production, a goal embraced by scientists and engineers since the very beginning, only belatedly became an aim for the Board, to such an extent that the installation of nuclear power plants was still a matter under discussion in 1973. By analyzing this complex and fascinating instance of science under dictatorship I argue that scientists, engineers, and technicians did not contribute directly to the construction of the dictatorial regime of Estado Novo, but instead were integrated in state structures which did not reveal necessarily dictatorial features, and in some cases even resulted from networking with international organisms of democratic orientation.

GOMES, Marco José Marques Gomes Alves, Where is Portugal going? / Dove va il Portogallo? The April Revolution in the Italian press (1974-1976), PhD in Communication Sciences (Pre-Bologna Process) submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Isabel Nobre Vargues and Isabel Ferin Cunha, 2015

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/26474)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This research aims to study the way Italian qualities reported the April Revolution and characterise the impact of Portuguese events on public opinion and in political, media and intellectual circles in Italy. This study focuses on the period 16th March 1974 to 2nd April 1976, from the inconsequential Caldas da Rainha coup to the approval of the Constitution of the Republic. This study has two main aims: a) to present a case study which analyses the press coverage by Corriere della Sera, La Stampa and Il Messaggero; b) to use an investigative approach to identify and characterise the episodes and issues raised in Italy during the Portuguese revolution. The methodology seeks to test the following hypothesis: the military coup of 25th April 1974 and the subsequent revolutionary period were viewed by the Italian press as a significant event. The unique character of the April Revolution can be measured by the level of press coverage and the involvement of journalists in the event. Specific events and problems which arose as a result of this transition period to democracy in Portugal had a significant impact in Italy, in terms of public opinion and in political, media and intellectual circles, becoming a relevant and instrumental reference in internal political strategies. The case study concentrates on the press articles covering the April Revolution published by the daily newspapers Corriere della Sera, La Stampa and Il Messaggero. The extensive investigative analysis covers a vast range of the most important Italian publications which includes over 150 titles. This consists of the main daily, weekly, monthly publications as well as political press and also quality periodicals. The intensity of the press coverage of the April Revolution, the involvement of journalists in the event and the impact of the repercussions in Italy is demonstrated in the synchrony found between, on one side, the debate on the compromisso histórico communist project, the extremists and the prominent conflict and on the other side, the thematic complexity associated with The Carnation Revolution, its contradictions and the pertinence of questions which were raised. The timing of these factors gave the Portuguese events unprecedented media coverage.

GOMES, Pedro Miguel Marques, Newspapers, Journalists and Power: the Press born from the Revolution and the Political Struggles of 1975, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Inácia Rezola and Pedro Aires Oliveira, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/49837)

Keywords: Revolutionary journalism; Revolution; Media control; Political battle; Press

Abstract: In the transitional period from dictatorship to democracy in Portugal, the relevance of the media took on various shapes. The media were privileged means of transmitting information to the public, but got simultaneously involved in events by intervening in the political struggle that took place immediately after the 25th of April 1974. Not rarely, the media created political facts and were, themselves, at the centre of some of the most emblematic battles then fought. The media gave voice to the main political/military actors. They were criticised and/or praised depending on the stage of the revolutionary process and the editorial line the media stood by. Everything happened while the media and journalists sought to deal with and adapt to a new professional reality, fostered by the freedom of speech. In this research, exclusively about the Press, we analyse the context of journals and the ways of practicing journalism in the revolution. We take a look at the professional situation of journalists and the changes therein, also seeking to understand the policies that the decision-making bodies presented and applied to the media companies. After that, it is possible to appreciate the circumstances in which new private Press titles are created, as well as their motivations and objectives. We seek to relate contexts, to analyse strategies and editorial lines, and to interpret contents. By revising the four main periodicals created in 1975 - Jornal Novo, O Jornal, Tempo, and A Luta - we are faced with journalistic projects (with differences between them) that, by intending to be an alternative to the then state-centred Press, were, in many aspects, innovative and bold, while not lacking in controversy. They were actively engaged in the setting of events and they established themselves, unequivocally, as advocates for democratic legality as a political route for the future of the country.

GONÇALVES, Maria Estela de Moura Dantas, Lisbon of the English and French tour guides in the 20th century: Lisboan soul, l'âme de Lisbonne: Lisbon in the mirror of the other, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Tiago Saraiva, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/20212)

Keywords: Lisbon; Tourism; Urban tourist images; Travel guidebooks; Travel guidebooks history; History of tourism; History of touristic Lisbon

Abstract: This work is about the touristic images of Lisbon, based on textual contents of English and French travel guidebooks, through the 20th century. The investigation focuses on the value of textual dissemination and its performative attribute, pointing out authorship as one of the main components to reinforce the urban (touristic) image distinctiveness of the city. It is our aim to discuss the impact of the symbolic component on urban fabrication, mainly the role of tourism, highlighting leisure practices as a key element on the symbolic identity of city patterns, using the travel guidebooks as the historical and analytical source. The research showed the tensional relationship between the urban tourist gaze, presented on guidebooks, and the rebuilding of Lisbon as “a neighbourhood city”, in particular from the forties onwards, and in this way, underlining the performative role of touristic practices on the singularity of the urban culture of Lisbon. The analysis of 20th century French and English editions of travel guidebooks about Lisbon (Portugal) favoured a new perspective in the history of tourism, changing the simplistic vision of elite tourism versus mass tourism.

GUIMARÃES, José António Nobre Marques, African intellectuals in the Portuguese political space: development of their nativist intervention between the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries: the case of Cape Verde, PhD in History submitted to the Department of Social Sciences and Management of the Universidade Aberta, supervised by Maria Isabel João, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/2514)

Keywords: Contemporary Age; History; African Literature; Intelectuals; Nationalism; Indigenous; National Identity; Communism; Socialism; Anti-colonialism; Pan-Africanism; Nativism; Cape Verde

Abstract: In this paper we discuss the nativist intervention of some African intellectuals in Cape Verde in order to clarify its meaning and political reach. Despite its commitment to the protection of Cape Verdeans against the Portuguese colonial oppression, those intellectuals would not be able to generate an anti-colonial movement capable of leading the colony to independence, but they left a political and cultural legacy to future generations that allowed them to fight for the preservation of their national identity and finally achieve emancipation from colonial domination in Cape Verde.

GUJAMO, Rufino Carlos, The Democratic Transition and Peacekeeping in Mozambique between 1992 and 2004, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Costa Pinto, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/26319)

Keywords: Mozambique; FRELIMO; RENAMO; Ethnicity; Democratic Transition; Elections; Peace Maintenance; Conflict Ripeness; Optimism; Motivation

Abstract: After sixteen years of civil war the Mozambican government led by the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO)and the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO)have signed the General Peace Agreement (GPA) in Rome, Italy, on 4thOctober 1992. The agreement that ended the war resulted from a negotiation process initiated following the hurting stalemate situation between the two conflicting parties. Such hurting stalemate was a signal of conflict ripeness. The mutual concessions that characterized the peace agreement negotiations have strengthened the cooperation between FRELIMO’s government and RENAMO. Such cooperation reinforced the perception between the two sides about their interdependency. This situation and the significant support from the international community led by the United Nations contributed to generate optimism between the two conflicting parties regarding the results of the peace agreement implementation. Such optimism contributed to generate the motivation between FRELIMO’s government and RENAMO regarding their active commitment to the democratisation process and peace maintenance in Mozambique, from 1992 to1994. Within the context of a dual transition from one party system to multiparty democracy as well as from war to peace, the electoral results during the general elections in 1994 and 1999 as well as the results of the local elections in 1998 and 2003 have strengthened FRELIMO’s government and RENAMO’s optimism regarding the results of their commitment and support to peace and democracy in Mozambique. Therefore, for FRELIMO and RENAMO the access to political power through democratic elections became more attractive and less expensive than the resort to the use of force or violence as a mechanism to reach political power. In this context, the two sides felt much more motivated to support democracy and peace maintenance in Mozambique from 1992 to 2004.

HENRIQUES, Helder Manuel Guerra, Training, society and professional identity of nurses: the Nursing School of Castelo Branco Dr. Lopes Dias (1948-1988), PhD in Education Sciences: History of Education submitted to the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Gomes Ferreira, 2012 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/19075)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The main goal of this study is to analyze the construction process of the professional identity of the Portuguese nurses in the 20thcentury, especially in the second half of the century. The historical background of the Escola de Enfermagem de Castelo Branco/ Dr. Lopes Dias (1948-1988) was our work base. The school institutions have a central role in this research. They are considered not only as authorized institutions for accreditation of nursing but also as a place of professional sociabilization and unique knowledge production. From the school arena it was defined a certain professional domain and identity for this group. From the methodological point of view, we started with a literature review related to the Sociology and History of Professions. This study was articulated with the Portuguese literature about nursing in a socio-historical perspective. This approach guided our research. The main sources used were archives, regional and local papers, specialized press, legislation, iconography and oral testimonies. From the articulation between the theoretical dimension (literature review) and the empirical materials we have constructed a unique model of analysis that allowed us to formulate a socio-historical and diachronic approach to the identity of the study group. This theoretical model of analysis has three dimensions, two fields of action and four axes of analysis. The dimensions that we assumed as central elements are the plans where the identity construction dynamics is developed. We are referring to the State, Scientific and Social dimensions. The fields of action are within the dimensional logics and are influenced by those dimensions. Training and the professional field of action present themselves as dynamic and mutually permeable processes, contributing to the production of professional identities. Finally the four axes of analysis which allow us, through the empirical and bibliographical material, to materialize our model of analysis. These four axes are transversal to the dimensions and fields of action. These are the credentialism, the knowledge, the standards and values and the importance of a socio-professional jurisdiction. These axes try to demonstrate, through the documental sources and the oral testimonies, the importance of our model of analysis applied to the interpretation of the identity construction of the nurses in Portugal. We verified that the process of construction of the professional identity of the Portuguese nurses resulted from the dialogues, tensions and permanent conflicts between the different elements and inside of political regimes with different characteristics. During the 20thcentury, it were found several important moments that allowed the social recognition of the nursing group and the construction of a strengthen socio-professional identity.

JANEIRO, Helena Teresa Ribeiro Pinto, Norton de Matos, the improbable republican: Portugal and the Empire from Afonso Costa to Salazar, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando José Mendes Rosas, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15332)

Keywords: Portuguese First Republic; Military Dictatorship; New State; First World War; Portugal; Angola; Twentieth century

Abstract: This thesis examines the political role of Norton de Matos (1867-1955) in the context of the Republican constellation in Portugal between 1910 and 1955. As well as focusing on Norton’s role in politics - even when he assumed colonial positions -, this study privileges his contemporaneous writings rather than the many retrospective analyses, and compares his voice with that of many others in Portugal and the Empire, and elsewhere. We have tried to understand how a liberal like Norton de Matos, coming from a monarchist background, used his colonial credentials to enter Republican politics, taking up the issue of “cocoa slavery” and joining the Portuguese Anti-Slavery Society. Moving close to Bernardino Machado, the “Young Turks”, the masonry, and the “Democratic” faction of the Portuguese Republican Party led by Afonso Costa, he gained the position of Governor-General of Angola. He brought to the Africans -whose legal definition as “indigenous” he pioneered in 1913 - freedom of labour and lay education despite compromising with mission schools and forced labour. His political stamina became evident in his handling of the tensions between colonial and metropolitan elites, and was further enhanced when he returned to Portugal as Minister of War. We discuss, in particular, the political significance of his most ambitious project, to turn tens of thousands of Portuguese - poor, illiterate, and coming from rural areas with few Republican sympathies - into citizens and soldiers of the Republic. This undertaking, which enabled the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight in France alongside the British, embodied all the audacity and the problems inherent in his megalomania. On his return to the capital, in the summer of 1917, after difficult negotiations with Lloyd George, his prestige made him a serious contender to Afonso Costa, even though he shared with him the burden of the unpopularity of the war. During the Sidónio Pais dictatorship they both went into exile, but they would meet again at the peace conference in Versailles. Unlike Afonso Costa, though, who never returned to active politics, Norton de Matos would serve as the post-war Republic’s most notable and controversial High Commissioner, in Angola. After the fall of the First Republic, and two further periods of exile, Norton de Matos made the necessary compromises to return to Portugal, where he combatted the Military Dictatorship and Salazar’s New State. When, in 1931, he was able to unite the opposition around the Republican-Socialist Alliance, he put himself forward as a paradigm of the First Republic; it was with this status that he joined the anti-fascist fronts of the 1940s, which culminated in his candidacy for President of the Republic, in 1948/49. The way in which he was able to build bridges between different generations of the opposition, while simultaneously resisting the pressure to break with the communists at the height of the cold war, was a sign of his political talent, the analysis of which can help to enrich the debate over the plural and multipolar reality that was Republicanism in the first half of the twentieth century.

KUNZE, Alexandra Biezus, The criminal mechanism and the memory policy of the Brazilian civil-military dictatorial period (1964-1985): from an inventory of frustrated expectations to other strategies to deal with conflict, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Cunha Martins, 2014

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

LEAL, Luis Manuel da Cruz, Father Américo Monteiro de Aguiar: A “theologian of action” in Contemporary Portugal, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Carlos Correia Ferreira do Amaral, 2017………………. (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/106168)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

LIMA, Álvaro António Cúria Fonseca Cardoso, Heirs of the Wall? Comparative analysis of the public reaction of five South European communist parties to the historical events of 1989/1991, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Manuel Vicente de Sousa Lima Loff and Joan Botella Corral, 2018……………………………………………………. (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/112020)

Keywords: Real socialism; Revolutions of 1989; Western communism; Party press; Historical comparative research; History of the present time; Historiography of communism

Abstract: The present research aims at carrying out a comparative study of five Southern European communist parties’ (PCP, PCE, PSUC, PCF and PCI) public reaction to the cycle of the historical events of 1989/1991 which include, inter alia, the deposition of the governments from Central and Eastern Europe, and all the episodes related to these changes, such as the legalization of the Solidarity union in Poland (February 1989), the rehabilitation of the personalities involved in the 1956 Hungarian revolution in Hungary (particularly in April 1989, with the tribute to Imre Nagy), the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia (November and December 1989) the fall of the Berlin Wall in the GDR (November 1989), the deposition, trial and execution of Nicolae Ceausescu in Romania (December 1989), the victory of the ex-communists in the first free elections in Bulgaria (June 1990), the German reunification (formalized in October 1990) and the coup d'état in the USSR (August 1991). The study was carried out through the analysis of party press’ material from the years in question. A multidisciplinary research was developed, using tools from the History of Present Time, the Historiography of Communism and Communication Sciences, to arrive at results that allowed a comparative analysis based on duly substantiated working hypotheses. The political parties in question, some of them already in the midst of a change during this course of events, are led to react to them: it is the communication of these reactions and interpretations that we compare, relating them with the strategic options followed by the parties themselves over these three years.

LOBO, Sandra Maria Calvinho Ataíde, The unrest in Goa. Culture and politics in Goa from liberalism to the Colonial Act, PhD in History and Theory of Ideas submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by João Luís da Costa Campos Vieira Lisboa, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10822)

Keywords: History of Goa; History of Portugal; History of India; Modernity; Cultural Identity; Political Identity; Colonialism; Colonialism Compared; Postcolonialism; Liberalism; Democracy; Culture and Politics; Intellectual Elites

Abstract: In the present thesis, I approach some aspects of the History of Goa, since the Constitutional Monarchy until the foundation of “Estado Novo”, viewed by its intellectual elites. The paths and standings of these elites were built in the crossroads produced by the construction of the post-Enlightenment currents of thought and of political and cultural practices, by the affirmation of contemporary colonialism and its questioning by the anti-colonial nationalist movements, as well as by the evaluation of local, national and international contexts in which they were inscribed. In these crossroads, these elites contributed to the construction of the Goan currents of political and cultural thought and to the edification of its modernity, in a period marked by the growing discussion of the relations between politics and culture. Within these frames, they thought about the Goan condition, the Goan identity and about the local, Portuguese and Indian future in a continuously changing world. Constituting an approach of local history, this thesis represents an effort to contribute to contemporary Goan reflection, but also represents the intention to underline how contemporary history, in a permanent dialog between theory and practice, edified itself in an unstable balance between ideals and principles of universal aspiration and the impulse to distinguish inheritances, constrains and individual goals of particular societies. As such, this local was also assumed as a relevant perspective in the debate around the construction of contemporary thought and political action in general and Portuguese in particular, having specially in mind the discussion of liberalism and democracy, in face of the colonial question and in face of the imposition of modernity as the proper temporality to evaluate societies and peoples and to project their futures.

LOPES, Filipa Alexandra Carvalho Sousa, The voices of opposition to the Estado Novo and the question of Goa, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Manuel Vicente de Sousa Lima Loff, 2017………………………………………….. (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/108453)

Keywords: Opposition; Salazarism; Self-determination; Independence; India; Goa

Abstract: After proclaiming the independence of India, the Indian Union Government, in 1950, requested the Portuguese Government to begin negotiations regarding the Portuguese colonies in Hindustan. Facing the refusal of any negotiations with the Salazar government, in 1953, the Indian Union Legation in Lisbon closed its doors. An escalation of events occurred, which will have its ultimate expression during the night of the 17th December, until the 18th December 1961, when the Indian Union army invaded Goa, Damão and Diu. In a time where the information was controlled, and the Public Opinion manipulated to keep a regime which defended the survival of the borders in a pluri-continental country the effects of the Cold War divided the opposition to the dictatorship and their approach to the colonial issue differ. The rights of the Portuguese colonies people to self-determination and independence would become the most significant difference in the struggle against the dictatorship. On the one hand, the republican opposition defended the maintenance of the colonial territory, due to their historical past. Not only defended the protection of the Portuguese Empire from the threats made by Nehru, but also claimed the public debate about Goa, to inform the Portuguese public opinion unaware of the conflict. On the other hand, the question of Goa and Salazar's colonial politics became very important to the Portuguese Communist Party, that in the early 1950's considered the fight for Peace an important part of the antifascist action. In the "Declaração do Partido Comunista Português de Maio de 1954" the party reaffirmed that in order to solve the Goa question, it was imperious to start the negotiations between the Portuguese Government and the Indian Union assuring that the people of Goa could express its opinion freely. The Portuguese oppositions were aware of the claims made by the Goan autonomists to have a new Political Statute, which granted the Portuguese State of India more autonomy. The oppositions also knew the development of the movement that pretended the integration of Goa in the Indian Union. The speech used by the Portuguese oppositions was very carefully chosen - or omitted - in order not to lose the Portuguese population support. When the opposition was united around the candidature of Humberto Delgado to President of Republic (1958), the silence around the right of the colonial independence was total, in spite of the position stated by Communist Party in its V Congress in 1957, where the independence of the colonies was defended. To the exiled opposition and the nationalist movement in Goa, the different points of view from the internal oppositions created difficulties and generated impasse. Therefore the colonial issue brought serious difficulties in the understanding between the Goan nationalists and Portuguese oppositions.

LOPES, Maria Filomena Rocha, Portuguese trade unionism between 1933 and 1974: Political and strategic orientations of the Portuguese Communist Party for the union struggle, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Ventura, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7351)

Keywords: Free Trade Unionism; Estado Novo; International Red Trade Union; Break; Censorship

Abstract: Portuguese Trade Unionism, in the transition from the Military Dictatorship to the full institutionalization of the Estado Novo, is characterized by two essential aspects: the search for the reorganization of the union network, destroyed by governmental measures of repression and by the illegalization of the main trade union organizations, and by a discussion on ideological options, guiding trade union action. This transition will lead to a rupture in trade union organizations, placing in the margins of the law its main structures, using coercive and punitive methods relentlessly applied by the PVDE on these organizations and their main leaders. The labor legislation of 1933 breaks with free trade unionism by imposing unique trade unions of nationalist character, collaborationists, servile in relation to national economic interests and sustained by a denial of the principles of internationalism, plurality, solidarity and freedom of trade union action that had characterized the Portuguese unionism. The Estado Novo destroys, through actions of extreme violence, freedom of association and what remains of trade unionism, diabolizing these organizations, as well as the leaders and the ideologies that supported them. This rupture in the evolution of the Portuguese trade union movement takes us to the dark side of the union struggle, the clandestinity. The clandestine PCP organizes the struggle by imposing on its leaders and militants a code of conspiratorial silence. The union struggle puts at risk militants and communist union leaders for the consequences that come from the fight. Prison, interrogation, loss of rights, deportation and how many times death in life are the price to pay for the union struggle. Clandestinity marks the existence of these leaders. The apparent opening of the regime after the Second World War and the convening of elections allowed the formation of opposition organizations such as the MUD and the MUDJ. However, reality demonstrated the mockery with which Salazar intended to mask the regime. The conditions imposed on communist leaders and militants are so strict that many leave the country to return only after the revolution of 25th of April of 1974.

LOPES, Nuno José Mendes, Discipline and Surveillance of the Portuguese Judges between the First Republic and the New State (1910-1945), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade do Minho, supervised by Fátima Moura Ferreira, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/1822/20330)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This study focuses on the Portuguese judges between the beginning of the First Republic and the New State till the end of the World War II. Its approach is strongly connected with the historical construction of the disciplinary mechanisms and their establishment in this professional field, its development and archeology. Also regarded, the political debate in these years, trying to explain in this context the appearence of the new judiciary views and codes, the new paradigms of the courts and their actors, the constraints and implications. The sources of this investigation gathered not only the legislative body and the national and foreign bibliography dedicated to this theme, but also an important mass of documents kept unexplored in the Portuguese archives, most part of it today under the surveillance of the Conselho Superior da Magistratura Judicial. Where brought to discussion for the first time the complete individual files of the Portuguese judges of this period, the disciplinary proceedings against them, the files linked with the annual recruitment (kept in the CSMJ and in the Ministry of Justice), the bureaucratic papers of the CSMJ, and a significant part of the them related to the judiciary inspections. The study divides itself in a presentation of the political and historical context and its most important connections to the legislative reforms (Chapters I and II), and in a demonstration of the results and their analysis from the whole mass of unexplored documents for the first time gathered (Chapters III, IV and V).

LOPES, Quintino Manuel Junqueira, The Junta de Educação Nacional (1929/36): Evidence of Europeanisation in Scientific Research in Portugal, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Maria de Fátima Nunes, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21298)

Keywords: Junta de Educação Nacional (National Education Board); New State; Scientific practices; Scientific networks; Internationalisation of science; Junta para Ampliación de estudios

Abstract: After several thwarted attempts to set up a national education board during the First Republic, the Junta de Educação Nacional was finally created in 1929 with the aim of Europeanising science and pedagogy in Portugal, and promoting economic regeneration. Influenced by similar international bodies, especially the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas and the Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, the board introduced a coherent range of measures, including granting scholarships for study and research both at home and abroad, providing funding for study centres and scientific publications, and organising facilities and programmes for raising cultural awareness and academic exchange, with the aim of helping science in Portugal catch up with the rest of Europe. Despite resistance from some bodies, particularly the universities, to the implementation of this policy, an effective means of state support to the academic community was thereby successfully created during the early years of the dictatorial regime, thus enabling the community to keep abreast of the latest scientific developments, play an active role in international networks for scientific exchange, and see the knowledge it produced projected at the international level.

LOURENÇO, Isabel Maria dos Santos, Returnees - Social Representations in Integration (1974-79), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by José Maciel Honrado Morais Santos, 2018…………………………………………………… (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/113658)

Keywords: Decolonisation; Repatriation; Returnees

Abstract: The compulsory return of the Portuguese settlers from Africa was the largest European repatriation in terms of proportion in the metropolis population, representing a 5% increment within an economic deceleration and a political and social agitation period, in a post-revolutionary context in Portugal. A previous comparative approach seems obvious, taking into account the parallels, but also the differences, with other repatriation processes, especially with the pieds-noirs return from the French Algeria since it shares three characteristics with the Portuguese repatriation: an unexpected significant population displacement, focused on a short period of time, from which resulted a massive chaotic exodus. However, they are allegedly distinctive when comparing the social integration dynamics: a quick and supposedly ‘peaceful’ social inclusion of the Portuguese returnees and a conflicting one of the pieds-noirs, not yet fully achieved. The mass exodus, the reception and the integration of about half million returnees had considerable demographic, economic, political and sociocultural impacts in the Portuguese society, perceived by the returnees and by the host community. Therefore, intending to identify and analyze the social representations regarding this particular migration movement, the survey included 1293 news, collected from two newspapers, Primeiro de Janeiro e Diário de Notícias, both with national coverage and considerable influence, between May 1974 and August 1979, a period that contemplates the first exodus, in 1974, up to the apparent ‘peaceful’ and total integration of the returnees, in 1979. Social perceptions were framed and conveyed by the press, and dominant discourses can be reinforced and shaped by editing choices: the news framework and organization, the issues addressed and the vocabulary preferences which embody valuation positions. The survey results, crossed with the bibliographical research, mainly aims to contribute to a greater knowledge about an historic event that has not yet been significantly explored by the Social Sciences, especially in the historiography field.

MACAMBIRA, Débora Dias, The “Rediscovery” of Brazil in Joaquim de Carvalho. A Portuguese-Brazilian community made of books (1925-1958), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando José de Almeida Catroga, 2017

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MADEIRA, João Manuel Martins, The Portuguese communist party and the cold war: “sectarism”, “rightward shift”, “towards victory” (1949-1965), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6711)

Keywords: Clandestineness; Cold War; Communism; Democracy; Democratic Centralism; Opposition; Rightward Shift; Salazarism; Sectarism; Stalinism; Transition

Abstract: Between 1949, when Álvaro Cunhal was imprisoned, and 1965, in the 6thCongress of the Portuguese Communist Party, when the formal prevalence of his thesis materialised, the party lived hard years and drifts of political lines, characterised by intense debate as well as internal crises. The fierce supporter of the early 1950s, Álvaro Cunhal - after the strong influence of the 20th Congress of the Soviet Union Communist Party as well as of old, very firm political concepts - became a rightward shift, who slowly had substituted the doctrinal foundations he, himself had conceived: of an independent working class both as the main basis of a policy of alliances and the way to the national rebellion to overthrow the regime. After his audacious escape from prison at the beginning of the year 1960, Álvaro Cunhal would proceed to rectify that “deviation”: he would recover the “national rebellion line”, as it is synthesized into principles and theories in “Rumo à Vitória”(Towards Victory), a fundamental document which is the basis of the program approved in the Congress in 1965.If it is a fact that the international alliance of the Portuguese Communist Party and the Soviet system - one of subordination in an international climate of ‘Cold War’, with impetus, decreases and recoveries - had a deep impact upon the party’s orientation, there simultaneously existed a national principle - under major or minor tension, but always present -, both radical and based upon the conviction of development, which had been absorbed in a republican cultural tradition. However, the Portuguese Communist Party, irrespective of its drifts, conjunctions and cultural heritage, would never lose sight of the idea that its policies to overthrow the regime were subordinated to the dispute for the hegemony of positions, in order not to be excluded from any solution after toppling the regime. During all those years, the Portuguese Communist Party was the result of all these tense forces, on the one hand, which, on the other hand, would frequently collide with the pulse of the more radical party political and social sectors. In this chain of very complex and contradictory processes, and after conquering its intolerant, hard factions, as well as their bases, the Portuguese Communist Party has always agreed to gather opposing tendencies rather than exclude them or use political harassment. But, actually, the Portuguese Communist Party has never significantly abandoned its Stalinist tradition which was its framework since the party was restructured in 1940-41 and which allowed it - supported by a group of procedures of a centralised, hierarchised and compartmentalised character and bound to a thorough and strict culture of clandestine existence - to resist, the most appropriately they could, but resist, the continuous and constant police assaults.

MADEIRA, Lina Maria Gonçalves Alves, The (dis)promotions mechanism of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MNE). The Paradigmatic Case of Aristides de Sousa Mendes, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Manuel Soares dos Reis Torgal, 2014

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MAIA, Cristina Maria Ferreira da Costa Ribeiro, Cold War and School Textbooks - Distances and Similarities: A Two-Decade Depiction of European Textbooks (1980-2000), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Alberto Marques Alves, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/53894)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This dissertation develops a comparative study of teaching the subject of the Cold War in various parts of Europe (Western Europe, Northern Europe and Eastern Europe) between the 1980s and 1990s, i.e. the period between the end of the Cold War and post-Cold War, through the analysis of History Textbooks and, where possible, the School Program or curriculum guidelines of the same discipline. This is an applied research in the History of Education, which considers the teaching of historical skills its main concern, through analysis of the Textbook, and analyzing its contribution in shaping future citizens. Through analysis of Textbooks, we carried out a thematic study of the contents of the Cold War, and a critical review of views on the Cold War, and an analysis of resources and learning experiences suggested; a characterization of Textbooks to assess their technical quality and internal organization, trying to peer into the methodological steps of teaching and learning suggested, and consequently, their concepts of the teaching-learning process. In reference to School Programs, we intend to address the changes operated in the period considered, in terms of goals, objectives, content (specifically for the content of the Cold War and its relative weight in all the content), the methodologies, resources, evaluation and bibliography. With the analysis of School Programs we aim to establish a comparison between what is foreseen by the Program and what is found in the Textbooks themselves. The future lines of investigation presented underline the importance of this study to the scientific community, in particular to those who take interest for the part that the Textbook has in building a point of view of the world.

MANSOS, Maria do Pilar das Neves Nunes dos Santos Santa, From the plano de educação popular ("popular education plan") to the plano de formação social e corporativa ("social and corporate training plan"): Henrique Veiga de Macedo, Undersecretary of State for National Education (1949-1955) and Minister of Corporations and Social Security (1955-1961), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/11432)

Keywords: Salazarism; Corporatism; Plano de Educação Popular; Plano de Formação Social e Corporativa; Henrique Veiga de Macedo

Abstract: In the years following World War II, both literacy and corporatism emerged as aims yet to be achieved, which constrained the stability of Estado Novo, which had proclaimed the corporatism as a third way of government. While literacy was sensed as a necessary condition to economic development, to be achieved with the Planos de Fomento, corporatism was perceived as a factor of consolidation of the Regime as a result of the social turmoil during the war period. A committee was appointed to enquire the corporative bodies. The report, published in 1947, concluded that the deviations were due to the lack of regulations and implementation of the early corporations. So that corporatism could finally be carried out it was not enough to create corporations: corporative education was also necessary. The opportunity presented itself in August 1956 with the promulgation of the bases of Plano de Formação Social e Corporativa (PFSC). However, efforts to disseminate and strengthen the corporative spirit, via education, had already been initiated some time before by Campanha National de Educação de Adultos (CNEA). CNEA was part of Plano de Educação Popular (PEP), which at the time aimed to provide basic education to everyone, making literacy a preliminary and necessary condition to the corporatism. It seems very meaningful the fact that all these initiatives were designed by the same person - Henrique Veiga de Macedo. This thesis aims to discuss the reasons that made possible PEP, CNEA and PFSC, the relationships between these schemes and their reach and impact on society and on the Regime’s elite. A special focus is given to the motivations and commitment of Veiga de Macedo, as author of a Estado Novo’s project, which is attached to the Regime and still is strictly personal in the resistances it faces and that, ultimately, led to his resignation.

MARCOS, Daniel da Silva Costa, The New Atlantic Ally: Relations between Portugal and the United States (1946-1961), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2011

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

MARIE, Pierre, Popular education during the Portuguese Revolution: animators and popular education's associations in Coimbra (1974-1986), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Bebiano and Michel Boivin, 2015

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: On the 25th of April, 1974, the Carnation Revolution opened the way to an intense revolutionary process, with the fall of the salazarist regime. Democratic councils emerged during this period, through popular mobilization, in order to transform the country. During two years, democratic experimentations expressed a new political regime in Portugal. The high rate of iliteracy and the will to develop both socialism and democracy forstered the emergence of new cultural and educational policies. The associative movement grew rapidly and organized literacy's and cultural animation activities for local populations. A new popular education project emerged in order to build a participative democracy. The popular education association represented one of the main pillars in this new political and cultural project. With the end of the revolutionary process in 1976 and the evolution toward a representative democracy with a market-based economy, the associations lost support for the State and remained isolated. These associations appeared as an element of continuity of this popular education project, following the legacy of the revolutionary period. This research analyzes the evolution of this popular education project until 1986, when the country entered into the European Economic Community. This research is based on the analysis of the associations of the district of Coimbra.

MARQUES, Isabel Alexandra Baptista, Leave Africa (1974-1977). Experience and Trauma of the Portuguese of Angola and Mozambique, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Rui Ramos and José Manuel Sobral, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/28878)

Keywords: Exodus; Decolonization; Africa; Trauma; Returnees

Abstract: This thesis proposes to examine why the decolonisation’s exodus of Portuguese Africa that started in 1974 was felt and described by many Portuguese who had been living in Angola and Mozambique as a psychologically painful experience and also intend to identify the most influent factors in their negative feelings on this displacement’s consequences in their lives. Considering that the departure of the colonies has represented a social and cultural rupture and an identity disruption that caused a transitional trauma in these former settlers who have felt the displacement as an 'existential amputation'. The beliefs, experiences, perceptions and emotional states which are reported in epistolary and institutional testimonies on the transition to the independences, during the departure and after the arrival at Portugal allow to state that these narratives of the exodus (of recent memories) are grounded on legitimisation, complaint, victimization and accountability discourses. The first two are based on colonial beliefs, realities and experiences as the definitive establishment, the luso-tropical mystifications, the physical and emotional distance from the metropolis and the strong connection of belonging and ownership claimed by the ‘shed sweat’ and by the ‘umbilical affection’ to Africa. In addition to the ending of a collective identification reality and of life projects, the 'African dream' ended with material losses and moral and emotional damages which generated abandonment, panic and indignation feelings. The practical difficulties of installation into Portugal (financial and to satisfy basic needs such as housing and food) and psychological ones (of maladjustment) reinforced a victimization discourse anchored in an injustice feeling and on a deserved compensation claim and accented the accountability discourse of national powers marked by disbelief, resentment and betrayal feelings. Upon the arrival, these discourses have been produced by the clash of the categorization's anathema of 'returnees', at that time associated to stereotypical prejudices, of the conflicting relationship with residents and their judicial and of their accusatory perspective about decolonization process.

MARTINEZ, Esmeralda Simões, A special justice for the indigenous: Application of justice in Mozambique (1894-1930), PhD in History: History of Africa submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Isabel Castro Henriques and Olga Iglésias, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/7314)

Keywords: Justice; Law; Courts; “Milandos”; Customary Law

Abstract: This work can be contextualized within the framework of Law, History, Anthropology and Sociology. It focuses on the colonial policy regarding the application of justice to indigenous and the interrelation between local indigenous “customary law” and the legal Colonial Law. It demonstrates how the legal authority created the legal order and used the Customary Law to maintain the indigenous out of the Portuguese citizen’s protection. The two chronological landmarks had been fixed in function of the Portuguese legislation about indigenous exclusion remained more evident: 1984 when the Justice Administration Regiment of Overseas Provinces was edited and established a different treatment for them and the legal condition of “indigenous” was also created: and 1930, because of the Colonial Act, which consolidated such exclusions, and confirmed the Indigenous Political, Civil and Criminal Statute that moved away the application of the Portuguese Common Law to them. This special Justice, therefore, is the reason for the title of this work. The choice of the Colony of Mozambique was made because, after Antonio Ennes’s rapport about it, the legislation changed and created many new legal exclusions mechanisms to the indigenous: since conceptualizations of “indigenous”, until the division of the province in circumscriptions managed by the administrators, responsible for the application of this special justice. All the conclusion of this research came from the analysis of Law and the authority judgment about indigenous conflicts (milandos) and other civil or criminal claims that had been solved based in this special law and special process created for the indigenous of Mozambique, which had plenty of crimes and punishment quite different from those of the metropolitan ways.

MARTINS, Catarina Sofia Silva, The narratives of genius and salvation: the invention of the gaze and the making of the hand in the Education and Teaching of Visual Arts in Portugal (from the late 18th to the first half of the 20th centuries), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/5733)

Keywords: Genius; Author; Teaching of visual arts; Drawing; Arts education

Abstract: The narratives of genius and salvation: the invention of the gaze and the making of the hand in the Education and Teaching of Visual Arts in Portugal (from the late 18th to the first half of the 20th centuries) appears as a History of the Present. Tracing a genealogy and an archeology of our own thinking about the ‘necessity’ of the arts in education denaturalizes the common sense of this value. The thesis is structured around specific problems: author and genius, the narratives of salvation and the moral and disciplinary technologies associated with the teaching of visual arts, particularly the drawing. I am interested, in the long arc of time of this research, in studying how certain kinds of people are fabricated. The purpose is to access the ways in which our own ways of being, seeing, thinking, acting and feeling are made possible. In the historicizing of these ‘grids’ of thought what becomes visible are the conditions that govern the present. Imagine other becoming for arts education is only possible by a deep knowledge of our own ‘archive’ and of ourselves as subjects invented in modernity.

MARTINS, Paulo Miguel Andrade da Cruz, Cinema in Portugal: the industrial documentaries from 1933 to 1985, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Nuno Luís Madureira, 2010

Keywords: Portuguese cinema; Industrial documentaries; Economic development; Memory; Film production

Abstract: Investigation and analysis of documentaries made for companies such as CUF, Vista Alegre, Central de Cervejas, canneries, etc., and their impact on film activity, aesthetic evolution, narrative and modes of production, and the significance of these films for business activity.

MARTINS, Pedro Alexandre Guerreiro, History, Nation and Politics: the Middle Ages in Modern Portugal (1890-1947), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by José Neves and Valentin Groebner, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19092)

Keywords: Middle Ages; Medievalism; Historical memory; Historiography; Portugal; Nineteenth century; Twentieth century

Abstract: In recent decades, the study of historiography, historical memory and the uses of the past has become a subject of increasing attention in academic circles. Medievalism in particular, commonly understood as the representation or use of the Middle Ages in the post-medieval period, assumes here an significant role, given the importance of the medieval epoch in Romantic historical culture and in nation-building processes since the nineteenth century. However, medievalism has still been scarcely analysed in the Portuguese context, lacking a study that encompasses its multiple dimensions, from historiography to politics of memory. This dissertation aims to fulfil this gap, by exploring the various representations of the Middle Ages in Portugal between the late nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth century. Focusing on three major topics - writing of history, artistic heritage and historical commemorations -, we will demonstrate how certain concepts, institutions, figures, events and works of Portuguese medieval history were narrated, reworked and celebrated, in the light of decadentist discourses about the nation and the Western world and of Portugal‘s political evolution in this period. International research on the topic will allow the making of comparative analyses and the understanding of the transnational dimension of Portuguese medievalism, inserted in the major cultural trends and political ideologies that influenced the various depictions of the medieval epoch in this period. In the end, we will show that an essentially Romantic view of Portuguese history persisted through the twentieth century, dichotomically presenting the Middle Ages in a positive light in comparison with a Modernity identified with civilizational and spiritual decline.

MARTINS, Susana Maria Santos, Portuguese exiles in Algiers. The Patriotic National Liberation Front (FPLN) from the origins to the breakwith Humberto Delgado (1960-1965), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10810)

Keywords: History of Portugal; Opposition; Exile; Patriotic National Liberation Front (FPLN); Algeria; Armed struggle; Anticolonial struggle; Delgadismo; Radical left

Abstract: This research starts in 1958, in the aftermath of the Portuguese presidential elections. At that time there was an outset of opposition movements aimed at creating a strong unitary organization, designed for giving continuity to the enormous popular enthusiasm registered throughout the presidential campaign, especially around the candidacy of Humberto Delgado. The departure into exile of some democrats, directly involved in this process, streamlines the opposition abroad and gives it a growing role, especially after 1961. Since then, the political diaspora was no longer regarded only as logistical support of the opposition in Portugal, but starts to be assumed as a centre of the political struggle. It was this renewed external front that assumed the initiative of holding a meeting between the opposition movements in Portugal and abroad, which was the starting point to create an executive body overseas, primarily devoted to the representation of the Portuguese democrats and propaganda activities. The meeting took place in Rome, in the end of 1962, and resulted in the creation of the Patriotic National Liberation Front (FPLN). This was the label given to the existing opposition unitary movement in Portugal, which would, from then, also have a working basis overseas. The governing body of the organisation was settled in the newly independent Algeria and work there until April 25, 1974. This research intends to analyse the first period of activity of the movement’s secretariat abroad. The Algiers’ revolutionary atmosphere hosted an intense struggle for the hegemony of the Portuguese antifascist unity. This struggle was undertaken, particularly, between the Portuguese Communist Party, the delgadismo and the forces that were taking shape at the left of the Communists -the Revolutionary Action Movement, first, the Popular Action Front, afterwards. The most moderate and conservative opposition movements were self-excluded. The role to be given to the external front, the importance of the anti-colonial struggle in the framework of the Portuguese resistance and the instruments to be used were the main topics of debate, being the armed struggle a subject of great significance. In late June1964, Humberto Delgado arrived in Algiers to assume the leadership of the FPLN’s governing body abroad. Aware of the General’s prestige in Portugal, its voluntarism and will for an immediate action, the most radical factions of the movement saw him as the last stand of a hard attack, that has been developed against the representatives of the opposition’s traditional forces -including the Communist Party -and which was carried since the end of 1963. However, Delgado soon became hopelessly incompatible with its partners at the movement’s governing body and breaks the FPLN. We are in October 1964. The Communists assumed the control of Front and imposed their political line. It was the end of the unitary project as it was conceived in Rome.

MATOS, Heitor Miguel Prata e, Mathematics and Narrative - Reflections on Their Historical and Epistemological Affinities: a Pedagogical Conceptualization of Mathematic, PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Christopher Damien Auretta and António Manuel Nunes dos Santos, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16809)

Keywords: Mathematics; Narrative; Pedagogy; Orality; Hybridization

Abstract: Our thesis, A Matemática e a Narrativa - Reflexos de Afinidades Históricas e Epistemológicas: Uma Conceptualização Pedagógica da Matemática [Mathematics and Narrative-Reflections on Their Historical and Epistemological Affinities: a Pedagogical Conceptualization of Mathematics], addresses problematical issues concerning the transmission of concepts in mathematics. First, mathematics, which is a human construct both in its conception and evolution, is not readily accessible and usable by the generality of human beings. It is characteristically restricted to those who master its symbolic formalism. With regard to other fields of scientific inquiry, there has emerged a desire to communicate clearly and effectively the ideational content of their respective knowledge domains to the non-specialist. Although such efforts at communication have been successfully carried out in several fields, it has more rarely occurred in mathematics given the intrinsic difficulty in giving rigorous albeit accessible expression to the abovementioned symbolic formalisms. Second, the ongoing pedagogical problems addressed in the Gazeta de Matemática, a publication active during much of the twentieth century in Portugal, focus on the difficulty in attracting students to the challenges with which mathematics confronts human ingenuity. Consequently, the future production of knowledge risks being hindered. Notwithstanding the skepticism surrounding the translation of mathematical ideas into non-formal contexts, we challenge the unsound premises in which it is based on. Theoretical models published by contemporary scholars attest to the pertinence of an innovatory perspective in this domain. Furthermore, pedagogical instruments have been developed which improve the transmission of mathematical concepts, indicating the educational importance of narrative in particular. Both from the conceptual perspective and that of praxis, the essential role of oral discourse (narrative/storytelling) vis-à-vis the transmission of mathematical knowledge is increasingly emphasized. Exploring narrative to create a more dynamic curriculum, an innovatory approach to the communication of mathematics is proposed. The use of orality becomes a key process in the teaching of and reflection upon mathematical knowledge given the nature of our contemporary hybridized (boundary-crossing) intellectual practices.

MATOS, Hermínio Joaquim de, The Internal Security System in Portugal: contributions to a national counterterrorism strategy, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Francisco Gouveia Proença Garcia and António de Albuquerque de Sousa Lara, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10224)

Keywords: Homeland security system; National counterterrorism strategy; International terrorism; Islamism; Counterterrorism; Intelligence; Al-Qaeda and associated movements (AQAM)

Abstract: Homeland security, including a diversity of related criminal phenomena, has nowadays direct and indirect repercussions on life in society; hence, the prominent place it deserves in the political agendas of Governments which envision Freedom and Security as fundamental pillars in the pursuit of States' ultimate goals and the primacy of citizens' rights, liberties and guarantees. Our dissertation will start by analyzing the theoretical and conceptual framework of the Portuguese Homeland Security System, as well as the evolutionary and adaptive process it has undergone to tackle the transformations affecting the International System in the last decades. Taking into account the strategic and operational changes which took place in the field of Homeland Security, namely after 2001, and the rise of a "new securitarian paradigm", particularly in the so-called Western World, a comprehensive prospective analysis of the international terrorism phenomenon at large seems opportune and crucial, as it might pose one of the foremost threats to the security of the Portuguese State. Any contributions, past, present or future, aimed at tailoring and implementing a National Counterterrorism Strategy - which will always depend on its framework and close articulation with the homeland security system, as well as on its actual feasibility by the strategic and operational players belonging to the latter - will ultimately be instrumental as tools for analyzing the coordination and interoperability of the system itself and with other linked systems and subsystems, e.g. Defence, Civil Protection and Disaster Relief, Justice and Prison System. We will seek to demonstrate that the National Counterterrorism Strategy is a strategic document indispensable to reach the goals enshrined in the architecture of the homeland security system, whose transversal and cross-cutting relevance encompasses the latter and all the other converging systems. This Strategy will first bring into being the structure, interoperability and tactical and operational efficiency of each and every player belonging to the Portuguese Homeland Security System. In a context of multiple security threats of global reach displaying diffuse and multifaceted patterns, international terrorism - particularly of Islamic matrix and related to al-Qaeda and Associated Movements (AQAM) -, along with transnational organized crime, might spell the biggest challenges to the State and citizens' security in the near future.

MATOS, Vera Margarida Coimbra de, Portugal and Italy. Divergences and Convergences in Forty-Three Years of Diplomatic Relations (1943-1986), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro, 2015 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/26785)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Between 1943 and 1986, a growing closeness characterizes the Portuguese - Italian diplomatic relations. After the World War II, while the Portuguese leaders feared the ruin of the Estado Novo, an antidemocratic and authoritarian regime with fascist characteristics, the Italian Government signed, in 1947, the Peace Treaty as a defeated ally of the Nazi Germany. The uncertainties and the expectations were, therefore, nervously felt in Lisbon and Rome till the end of the 40´s, when the two countries join the OEEC and the OTAN and assure their acceptance by the western partners. At the same time, the diplomatic relations between them were strengthened. However, while the Italians focused on the development of the European communities, the Portuguese focused on their Colonial Empire. By this time, the anti-colonialism of the Italian government, as opposed to the colonialism of the Portuguese government, created some difficulties in the relations between the two. The situation got worse with the beginning of the Portuguese colonial wars, in 1961. Condemned by the UN and pressured by the NATO, Portugal searched for Italy's support, which was given only sparingly. Simultaneously, the African nationalists and the political opposition to the Estado Novo enlarged their support base in Italy, mainly in the political sectors of the left, which had negative consequences in the relations between Lisbon and Rome. With the revolution of April 25th 1974, the Estado Novo disappeared without resistance. With the new democratic and anti-colonialist regime, the relations between Rome and Lisbon entered a new phase of greater cooperation. The Italian Government helped the new government with the democratic transition, the decolonization and the negotiation of the Portuguese entrance into the European Economic Community. By doing so, Italy attempted not only to strengthen the diplomatic relations with Portugal and with the new African countries, very appealing to the Italian capital, but also to fortify the role and influence of her own and that of the southern Europe in the European communities.

MEDEIROS, Tito Barros Leal de Pontes, Poetizing national history: Ficcionalization of history and historiographic method in José de Alencar, PhD in History: History and Culture of Brazil submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Sérgio Campos Matos and Marcelo de Almeida Peloggio, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15497)

Keywords: José de Alencar; Brazilian historiography; Poetic historiography; Fictionalization of History; Historiographic method

Abstract: Since the 1970s, the debate around the boundaries between History and Literature has gained strength and interest on both sides of the focused frontier. Authors like Collingwood (1981 [1944]), Gay (1990 [1974] and 2010 [2002]), Ricoeur (1997 [1975] and 2000 [1983-85]), Veyne (1998 [1971 and 1978]), Foucault (2004 [1970]), White (2003 and 2008 [1973]) and La Capra (2007 [2004]) contributed decisively to the deepening of the debate, redirecting perspectives and pointing out new possibilities for historiographical practice. The thesis that follows, backed by the thought of the theoreticians referenced above, aims to contribute to the debate about the symbiotic relations between those two fields of knowledge. To do so, we turn our eyes to the paradigmatic writing of José de Alencar (1829-1877) whose vast work was strongly linked to the National Romantic Literature. Thus, this thesis aims to promote a re-reading of Alencar’s work, in the sense of finding in its production - whether fictional, journalistic, political or otherwise - a new historiography different from the logic of writing history carried out in the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro (IHGB). In this perspective, we’ve established a thematic cut in the work of the author chosen, so we will focus on the indigenous issue, a very dear theme for the author. Thus, a historical novel, O Guarani (1856), and two Tupi legends, Iracema (1865) and Ubirajara (1874) will be fundamental sources for the thesis. Such a clipping will guide our analysis of the polygraph's research and writing strategies, making it possible to recompose the plots of his historiographical making, to compare them with the historiographical practices of his contemporaries. From this point on, we will analyze the specificities of Alencar’s writing, including its nationalistic aesthetics, in order to make it a poetic historiography, whose study will serve to rethink the limits between History and Literature, reclassifying imagination as a valid historiographical strategy in the gaps found in the sources.

MENDES, José Armando Martins, Between the ox cart and the airplane: a small community at the center of a global rivalry, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António José Telo, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15154)

Keywords: Azores; USA; Portugal; Ponta Delgada; Santa Maria; Lajes

Abstract: The main objective of the present work is to try to comprehend to what extent the US military presence in the Azores, within the framework of global strategies that involve the islands, ended up conditioning the Azores in the national whole, in other words, what is mainly in cause in this work is the political relationship between the Azores and Lisbon induced by the existence of US bases in the islands. We seek, as a first concern, to isolate those that will be the most significant political impacts. The political relationship is part of the so-called base impacts, which we develop, besides the political aspect, in the economic, social, cultural and environmental variables - variables that are assumed as secondary issues. We also try to comprehend the reasons for the installation, permanence and shutdown (or downsizing) of US military bases in the Azores. From all of this, other secondary issues are raised, for which we also seek answers. We highlight the search for meaning for the functions (which we seek to identify) of the bases and the counterparts for the host country, usually linked to complex negotiation processes. Our search for answers is framed, on the one hand, in the great American strategy (orally, in the cases of World Wars I and II) and in the models of acquisition and installation of bases and, on the other hand, in the historical capacity of Portugal to provide for their needs in the international systems, for example (as this is the example that interests us), through the negotiation of geostrategic assets and the establishment of contracts/agreements that follow certain logics that we establish. Based on the permanencies detected in the long course, we analyzed three cases: the Ponta Delgada Naval Base in World War I, and the Santa Maria and Lajes bases, the first in World War II/pre-Cold War period and the second (still active) covering the periods from World War II, Cold War to post-Cold War. These three cases cover the whole phenomenon because there are no other cases of US military bases in the Azores. It is from the analysis of the three cases mentioned that the conclusions of our work result, which point, among others, to two realities that seem original in relation to what occurs as a rule regarding the bases’ impacts. First, the bases induce movements that point to ideas of political connection to the tenant, that is, what is at issue is separatism; another situation, which seems to be related to the previous one, has to do with the ability of the bases, through their impacts of the surrounding society, to generate some sort of passion by elites and the Azorean people towards the USA.

MENEZES, Elisabete Sofia Nabais de Oliveira de Freitas e, Theory and reality: from foreign policy theory to the reality of international relations, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António José Telo, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11478)

Keywords: International system; Diplomacy; Emigration; International commerce; International relations; Foreign policy

Abstract: The principal objective of this thesis is to reach a greater understanding of the manner in which Portugal interacts with the outside world and the impact of this connection upon the evolution of society at the national level. At the heart of the present study are two national dichotomies, the relationship between the vision of foreign policy and the reality of the Portuguese diplomatic network and the degree of conflict or harmony which exist between Portugal's foreign policy and its actual international relations. In the 20th century, Portugal's evolution was similar to that of other southern and western European countries in many ways but has maintained strong traces of originality. A key component to understanding this originality is the influence of external factors and especially the way in which the internal and the external marry in the Portuguese case, creating a “dysfunction” in the international system. In this study we will analyse five periods of transition in terms of international relations and foreign policy in Portugal during the 20th century: 1908-11; 1935-1939; 1949-1953, 1969-1976 and 1986-1992. From government speeches and other official documents we can identify the main principles of official foreign policy and the way in which these relate to the Government's objectives for the evolution of Portuguese society. Secondly, we will compare this official policy with the practical experience of the Portuguese diplomatic network created to execute foreign policy. Thirdly, we focus our analysis on two other important fields of international relations: emigration and international commerce. From our analysis of the data obtained from these three fields of study, we will draw conclusions about the level of concurrence between the establishment's vision of the international system and the national reality and how the influence of the international system impacts on the originality of Portugal.

MIRANDA, Luciana Lilian de, “Brazil, vision of what we were, what we are and what we should be”: Luso-Brazilian ideal in João de Barros, 1912-1922, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas and António Reis, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13092)

Keywords: João de Barros; Luso-Brazilian relations; Intellectuals; Nationalism

Abstract: This doctoral dissertation aims to retrieve the path of the writer-citizen, poet, educator, publicist and Portuguese Republican João de Barros (1881-1960) during his involvement in the Luso-Brazilian cultural campaign in the years 1912-1922. To better situate the campaign, it is important to note that there was a striking debate over Luso-Brazilian relations, spurred by intellectuals on both sides of the Atlantic, especially during the first two decades of the twentieth century. João de Barros made a significant contribution to the things and the people of Brazil, advocating for a better understanding between Portuguese and Brazilian cultures. Such efforts can be observed in the eleven works devoted to the subject, alongside numerous articles published in journals and collections. We also stress the founding of Atlântida (1915-1920) magazine, in partnership with the Brazilian writer Paulo Barreto (1881-1921), the “João do Rio”, among other initiatives that fueled the utopia of Luso-Brazilianness. We seek to analyze the ideas defended by Barros’ works in conjunction to those baptized by the Campanha Atlântica during the First Portuguese Republic. These were the years of Barros’ greater participation in the political and social life of the country. The works from this period are: A Energia Brasileira (1913), Caminho da Atlântida: uma campanha luso-brasileira (1918), A aproximação luso-brasileira e a paz (1919), Sentido do Atlântico (1921), Heróis Portugueses no Brasil (1922), Portugal, Terra do Atlântico (1923) and Olavo Bilac e Euclides da Cunha (1923). The common thread that runs through the first chapter presents the argumentative rhetoric of the works: A Energia Brasileira (1913) and O Sentido do Atlântico (1921) both published after the poet’s first two visits to Brazil. We also seek to situate the author's thought in the context of discussions of nationalist and nativist currents prevailing at the timer about the contribution of Portuguese cultural heritage in Brazil and the importance of the country for Lusitanian history. In the second chapter, we focus on themes presented in Atlântida (1915-1920) magazine, created in order to promote literary-cultural rapprochement between Portugal and Brazil. Among the issues discussed in the monthly publication is the controversial proposal of a Luso-Brazilian confederation. We aim to further collate the readings of the journals A Águia (1910-1932) and Nação Portuguesa (1914-1938) about Luso-Brazilian themes, considering that they were coeval of Atlântida and represented important currents of thought in the Portuguese context. The last chapter problematizes the themes discussed by Barros in Heróis Portugueses no Brasil (1922), Portugal, terra do Atlântico (1923) and Olavo Bilac and Euclides da Cunha (1923). These pieces were produced during celebrations of the first centenary of Brazilian Independence in 1922 when Barros’ made his third trip to Brazil as a member of António José de Almeida’s presidential committee.

MONTEIRO, José Pedro Pinto, The internationalization of "indigenous" labor policies in the Portuguese colonial empire (1944-1962), PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Costa Pinto and Miguel Bandeira Jerónimo, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/29857)

Keywords: Internationalism; Imperialism; “Native labour”; Late colonialism; International Labour Organization

Abstract: This dissertation explores the ways by which the International Labour Organization and the myriad of actors, either governmental or private, that gravitated around it, conditioned the debates and policy making procedures related to the “native labour” question in the Portuguese colonies between 1944 and 1962. Aiming to contribute for the burgeoning debates on the interconnections and mutual constitution of two major historical processes that shaped the twentieth century, i.e. internationalism and imperialism, the dissertation argues that the Portuguese colonial empire history cannot be properly addressed without taking into account the fundamental international and transnational dynamics that constrained the design and evaluation of colonial policies and realities, namely through regular self-scrutiny processes, normative comparisons, international denunciations and the associated imperial reformist projects and efforts. By focusing on the so-called late colonialism and by exploring an issue that deeply impacted upon Portuguese imperial history in the previous decades, the dissertation also allows for a reappraisal of Portuguese imperial practices and policies within a global context characterized by mounting pressures and challenges on the several imperial solutions.

MONTEIRO, Luíra Freire, Rhetoric of alterity: Portugal and the Portuguese in Brazilian historiography, PhD in Identity, Practices and Representations of the Contemporary World submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Martins da Silva, 2013 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23348)

Keywords: Brazilian Historiography; Portuguese; Identity; Alterity

Abstract: This research has as main objective to highlight the speech of Brazilian historians about Portugal and the Portuguese, in the context of the formation of Brazilian society, when the Portuguese presence in America gave rise to the formation of various representations. The rhetoric of alterity that we seek to identify, took as ballast the identity forms that historians settled for Brazil, making of Portugal and its people an important point of inflection in this construction. The notions of brotherhood and ambiguity served as goal to analyze the historical narratives, in their diverse perspectives, circumscribed to the first century after independence, which allowed us to analyze the modes with which those historians referred the Portuguese, in real time, of those existing in historical time, crystallized in the sources they used. In order to give intelligibility to diverse contexts discussed here, in which selected historians were inserted, we chose to structure the present text in three distinct times, crucial for understanding the changes that take effect in Brazilian society in its formation.

MOREIRA, Maria Teresa do Rosário Lopes da Cruz, “Everyone has the right to culture”. The dynamic cultural city of Santarém (1930-1959), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by José Neves, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13831)

Keywords: Associations; Popular Culture; Regional Identity; Santarém; Ribatejo

Abstract: The associative leader Manuel Ginestal Machado defended in an interview published in the newspaper of Santarém, the March 20, 1958, that "everyone has the right to culture". This statement was a wider project, pivoted between the decades of 30and 50, in the city of Santarém, by members of a privileged social group who have worked on cultural diffusion among the most disadvantaged of the town, at the same time that wished to contribute to the construction of the identity of the Ribatejo region. Mostly linked to associations, these men have defined a broad cultural coordination project which is the subject of this case study thesis performs and in which also dealt with the story of the importance of cultural and recreational associations in the dynamics of the city. As units of observation significant cases were studied, such as the Organization of Cultural coordination group in the post World War II, the Foundation of the Cultural Circle Scalabitano and attempting to build the "Palau de la Música”. Also studied the role developed by women, especially in the communities, in a controlled and controlling society. The interests of the vast and heterogeneous working class of the city also deserved a specific study from the analysis of the work done by the Sociedade Recreativa Operária. Cultural relationship established chains around town with the Ribatejo region, Lisbon and beyond borders through the schedule established with the delegation of Santarém from the Alliance Française, also were the subject of study. This thesis is intended as a contribution to broadening the knowledge of the history of culture in a country town, during the decades of 30 to 50

MOREIRA, Nuno Miguel Magarinho Bessa, The Revista de História (1912-1928): A Proposal for a Historical-Historiographic Analysis, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Armando Luís de Carvalho Homem, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/73421)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The topic of this dissertation is the Revista de História, mainly from the point of view of the History of Historiography. First, the object of our research requires prior identification. The Revista de História was created within the National History Society, as an important means of information of its views and a way of spreading the ideas of the institution. The journal in question consists of 16 volumes (1912-28) and was first published before World War I. It ceased to exist two years after the beginning of the military dictatorship of Gomes da Costa and was a contemporary of the Integralismo Lusitano, the Renascença Portuguesa and the Seara Nova. The question is: how relevant was the Revista de História in the context in which it developed, from the cultural and historiographical point of view? Historiography has been often equated to the Theory of History not just from an epistemological perspective, but above all from a philosophical one. Taking these particular conceptions into account, it is possible to integrate them into a larger extent, based on diachrony, thus protected from speculation and generalizing tendency. A particular historiographical discourse occurs in a particular space and time, both of which determine what is expressed. In order to be more specific regarding what is involved in this study, we will refer to the motivations − both subjective and objective − and the sources and methodologies used. This dissertation is a result of our particular interest for Contemporary History, from its cultural perspective. Bearing in mind the historical period, the publication in question represents a joint effort as far as the specialty journals in the Republican Era are concerned. On the other hand, the history of historiography is also a subject which requires deeper studies, similar to what has been happening for a long time in Spain, France or Brazil. Within historiography, the choice of diachrony as a priority implies a methodological approach that seeks to give priority to the historicity of the object of research. This study is divided into three parts. The opening part presents the historical, institutional and biographical background of the journal (chapters 1 − 4). In the second part, a qualitative analysis of the contents of the articles is carried out, followed by a summary of the historiographical operative concepts used by writers. (Chapters 5 − 9). The third part of this study describes a characterization of the Revista de História, based on a follow up of modern times evident over the section of Facts and Notes and the section of Bibliography (1912-14) in chapter 10. Having presented this line of thoughts, an epistemological balance of the publication is then established (chapter 11). This journal is marked by thematic diversity not to be inserted in a single doctrine, which impedes any prefiguring of the Annales.

MOREIRA, Teresa Maria Novais, The parliamentary debate on education - The Estado Novo - Secondary school education (1935-1973), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Meireles Pereira, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/96985)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

NETO, Sérgio, From Minho to Mandovi. A study on the colonial thinking of Norton de Matos, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro and Armando Malheiro da Silva, 2014 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23772)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The colonial question was the great aim of the long life of General José Norton de Matos (1867-1955) despite others achievements as “Miracle of Tancos” and his electoral campaign for the presidency of the Republic in 1949. Indeed, his commission in India (1898-1908), where he directed the Topography services, his participation in the mission in charge of defining the borders of Macao (1909-1910), as well as the offices of Governor-General (1912-1915) and High Commissioner (1921-1924) in the province of Angola were his greatest achievements. After those years, Norton begun to write doctrinal books and articles. Most notably in O Primeiro de Janeiro (1931-1954) of Oporto. Norton benefited from direct contact with colonialists of the previous generations, as Mouzinho de Albuquerque, Henrique Paiva Couceiro or Joaquim José Machado, governor of India upon his arrival to this territory in 1898. Anyway, the readings of the colonial British literature had its place in the ideology of Norton. He expressed great appreciation for the alliance with Great Britain and admiration for their administrative territories in Africa and India. The aim of this study is to follow the colonial thinking of Norton de Matos, in order to integrate his main ideas in the Portuguese colonial ideology. Having lived over three political regimes, Monarchy, First Republic and New State this study will try to understand the evolution of Norton de Matos thinking. It intends to explain the impact of global geopolitics of the period between the wars in the most important historical figure of the Portuguese 20th century, comparing the inherited colonial mythology of the First Republic and the developed by the New State regime. Therefore it is important to establish the contact points between the three regimes and explain the ideas that permeated his views, in particular, the Promethean myth, the Apartheid, the miscegenation and the imperialistic point of view, as well as the first independences in Asia and Africa.

NINHOS, Cláudia Sofia, So that Mars does not chase away the Muses. The German Cultural Policy in Portugal and the Interchange (1933-1945), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas and Fernando Clara, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18808)

Keywords: German-Portuguese Relations; António Pereira de Sousa da Câmara; Cultural Policy; Academic Exchange; Nazi Germany; New State; National Board of Education/Institute for High Culture; Aurélio Quintanilha

Abstract: This thesis aims to understand the Nazi cultural policy in Portugal. We seek to demonstrate that the "German" science and culture were employed as part of a strategy aimed at achieving a political and ideological hegemony. This diplomacy, which used cultural institutions, bilateral societies, German schools, the exchange of technicians, teachers, students, artists, or intellectuals, the exchange of books, conferences and exhibitions, hid Germany’s economic and political ambitions. Among the various aspects of the cultural relationship between Portugal and Germany, we chose the academic exchange as a case study. Since the Portuguese National Board of Education (JEN) and the Institute for High Culture (IAC) were the institutions that promoted in Portugal, the cultural and scientific exchange, Germany approached them early, in order to intensify the academic exchange with Portugal. Using the historical archive of the Camões’ Institute, an institution that inherited JEN's and IAC’s historical archives, we studied the exchanges between the two countries, analyzing in particular the scholarships awarded to Portuguese academics to study in Germany. Finally, we chose a group of scholars who studied in Germany, in order to trace the scientific networks - individual and institutional - which crossed the two countries, and to understand the knowledge transfers and its appropriations.

NORONHA, Ricardo Vieira de Campos de Abreu, The nationalization of the bank system during the Portuguese revolution (1974-75), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6855)

Keywords: Banks; Nationalizations; Social conflict; Portuguese revolution; Workers control; Socialism

Abstract: From 1968 to 1975, the contradiction between capital and labour has polarized the evolution of the political and economic situation in Portugal. Since the burst of labour conflicts that characterized «Marcelismo» (that is, the period in which the country was governed by Marcello Caetano, from September 1968 to April 1974) until the process of nationalization and land occupation in the aftermath of the military coup of the 25thof April1974, bank workers have shown a remarkable ability for collective mobilization and organization. This dissertation aims at presenting the guidelines of this cycle of social struggles and its political and economical consequences, interpreting the bank nationalization in the context of the 1975-75 revolutionary process, highlighting such elements as economical sabotage, workers control and the financial aspects of the «Portuguese path towards socialism».

NUNES, Filipe de Arede, The juridical-political construction of the social state in Portugal during the Estado Novo (1933-1974): Contribution to the study of history of political thought in Portugal, PhD in Law: Legal History submitted to the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Pedro Barbas Homem, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/22521)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

NUNES, João Gonçalves Arsénio, Communism and Antifascism. Articles and Essays, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, 2017

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

NUNES, Teresa Maria e Sousa, The republican ideology of Ezequiel de Campos (1900-1919), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Ventura and João Carlos Graça, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/4469)

Keywords: Economy growth; Portuguese agrarian restructuring; I República

Abstract: The present study examines the process of formation of Ezequiel’s thought inte the period described, in close connection with his professional career. For this reason, is divided into two parts. The first is dedicated to Ezequiel’s perspectives on S. Tomé e Príncipe. This study presents the ideas developed by the author on the cocoa economy of the islands, but also the characteristics of the society; the population of the islands, their activity, livings conditions on the territory. These aspects lead the author on the characterization of a development model based on decentralization and financial management but also the adoption of a transport network to improve the economic performance of the islands and reduce the cost of cocoa produced in S. Tomé. These ideas were followed by a structural change in agriculture, industrial and social development in the province, aimed to produt diverfication, development of industries and increase people’s skills. The second part examines the economic and social concepts developed by Ezequiel de Campos after the established the republican regime in Portugal. In particular, analyses the contributions of the author to the Portuguese agrarian restructuring, the development of the industry, energy problems, the implementation of land transport network and equipping the country’s ports. It also explains the impact of First World War in the author’s thought. The possibilities of economic growth associated with the conflict or, alternatively, the scenario of national bankruptcy and the end of republican regime in Portugal.

OLIVEIRA, Carlos Manuel de Barros Martins Beirão de, Sergeants in Portuguese Military Forces: from everyday life in the barracks to the political struggle, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Pedro Aires Oliveira, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/19091)

Keywords: Military; Military forces; Sergeants; Republicanism

Abstract: The present thesis studies one of the military professional ranks, the sergeants, and its role in during the political struggle in Portugal, in the XIX and XX centuries. Since there are no previous works on this group, little is known about its origins and role in the Portuguese military. Therefore, this thesis covers a larger chronological period than the usual in contemporary history works. It begins with D. Sebastião reign and ends, in 1990, with the creation of the National Sergeants Association. Throughout this work we will highlight the most important moments to the sergeants, especially those in which its role was central to the events. Amongst this moments are the sergeants uprising in Oporto in 1851, which allowed Saldanha’s victory and return from Galiza; January 31st 1891 uprising, in the same city; and the sergeants’ role in the military coup which ended monarchy and started Portuguese republic on October 5th 1910. This study ends with the process that led to the National Sergeants Association foundation, the first in Portugal. The struggle it developed, gave back to a new generation of sergeants, its tradition in the fight for professional and political rights, which had been an important trait of the class between the second half of the XIXth century and the 1930s.

OLIVEIRA, Jorge Rodrigues Castanheira de, The Teaching of Physical Education in Portugal - Dissemination and implementation of Swedish gymnastics in Portugal in the first half of the 20th century, PhD in Education Sciences: History of Education submitted to the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Gomes Alves Ferreira, 2012 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/20282)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

OLIVEIRA, José Carlos Tiago de, The Scientific Personality of António Gião, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Augusto Franco de Oliveira and Manuel da Costa Leite, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/5049)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This Dissertation aims to be the first biography of a scientist fallen into oblivion, and to explain how he was forgotten. It starts by the postulation of pragmatics of scientific discourse as a methodology, and reviews pertinent literature on scientific biographies. His career starts as an independent young student, writing to scholars and attending scientific meetings unconcerned with his masters. Strasbourg and Bergen are instances of his early maturity, linked in the former with early papers in French and in German, some of them as reports of scientific events; in the latter, in the conception of mathematical methods published as three books in Paris. Here, the first major conflict will take place, enacting his isolation. A fruit of his loneliness will be an inconsequent travel along Phenomenological Physics. War and “exile” in his native village lead him swiftly towards Fundamental Physics, expressed in his return to Paris and through publication in Portuguese journals. A lifeline suddenly interrupted in 1951, when the rupture with his mentor, Louis de Broglie, occurred. Gião’s start-over in Meteorology begins in 1952 through an invention; the absence of success of this device merges unnoticed among his large scientific production. These are the Italy years, and Piccardi’s experiment appears as a new subject in his research. Return to Portugal in 1960 is the moment of eclectic intervention: - he teaches two chairs in the Faculty of Sciences; - there, however, conflicts take place, towards the students and colleagues; - he heads the “Centro de Cálculo Científico” since 1963, thus being - both the Centre and the Director - the pioneers of Informatics in Portugal; - the journal of his Centro coincides from there onwards with his scientific profile. Meteorology, with an emphasis in Dynamic Climatology, Mathematical Physics, and Cosmology are main areas of work, as well as particle physics, where he abandons models developed in the forties; - his 1967 conference may have been the “swan’s farewell song”, since the next (and last) two years are of residual publishing after a severe kidney disease. The above topics are treated both chronologically and thematically. The Dissertation reviews a hundred original documents and concludes with a systematic analysis.

OLIVEIRA, Sarah Luna de, The symbolic exploration of Brazil in defense of the Lusitanian Empire: an analysis of civic celebrations and Portuguese textbooks (1880-1960), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Fernando Catroga, 2015

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/26902)

Keywords: Brazil; Portugal; Luso-Brazilian relations; Civic celebrations; Textbooks

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to size the relevance of Brazil towards self-defensives and self-advertisement strategies of the Portuguese Empire between 1880 and 1960. However, these devices transcended mere symbolism since the goal was to accomplish practical deals within the Portuguese-Brazilian affairs of state over these years. Mindful of that, the first step of our investigation was to analyse the participation of the Brazilian authorities in the Portuguese civic celebrations and vice versa. Based on such analysis, it was possible to detect the result of the intrinsic Portuguese-Brazilian fraternity manifestations which, eventually, strengthened the core of their diplomatic relationship in different intensities. On the other hand, it was quite clear to perceive the Portuguese intensification on portraying an idyllic Brazil, exactly during the more challenging historic contexts for the survival of the Lusitan Empire. It explains the apotheotic participation of Brazilian President Juscelino Kubitscheck during the celebration of the fifth century of Infante D. Henrique's death in 1960. Exactly, when the Portuguese colonialism faced both internal and external pressures, such as The United Nations's advocacy for the right of self determination of peoples, besides the threats of Capitalist and Socialist blocs, both competing for the African and Asian territories under the Portuguese domain. In a second moment, the criticism of the Portuguese school literature produced between 1880 and 1960 also revealed the same approach towards the ex South American colony, always mentioned in a more or less effusive way, depending to political and historical conjunctures of the Lusitan Empire. Anyway, the language of the textbooks and their content, utilized throughout the years of schooling, was way more effective at the diffusion of an allegorical image of Brazil. By this point of view, we feel safe to admit that the lessons of the scholar textbooks about the ex-colony outlasted the ephemeral traits of those civic celebrations. Moreover, a deeper analysis on the teachings about the old South American colony, as displayed by the Portuguese school literature, became quite crucial so that we understand both their paradigmatic depiction, as much as the purposeful silence that has made up the map on the strategic evocation of the “Portuguese America”. Finally, full exploration of civic celebrations alongside textbooks to the average duration of the late nineteenth to mid -twentieth century offers us a complementary view of symbolic uses of the image of Brazil constantly explored as a paradigm of the civilizing talents of the Lusitan Empire.

PEREIRA, David Oliveira Ricardo, The social policies in Portugal (1910-1926), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Fernandes Garcia Rollo, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8421)

Keywords: Portugal; First Republic; Social policies

Abstract: This work aims to define, characterize and positioning the social policies promoted by the State in Portugal in terms of its historical process, taking as chronological scope the political regime of the 1stRepublic (1910-1926). Thus, it became necessary to approach the most remote origins of the public intervention in the social plan, still in the end of the regime of the Constitutional Monarchy (1890-1910) and to understand the developments occurred with the imposition of a dictatorial regime which quickly changed in to a fascist regime, choosing the designation of Estado Novo -New State -(1926-1933). That period accomplished, in the social policies area, the transformation of the liberal building of its application in a model of social corporatism which replaced much of the political and ideological tenets inherited from the past, although fulfilling a process which did not operated a truly disruption in its multiple intervention. It was centered the analysis in the evolution occurred in the labour relations, in the social provisions schemes based on the compulsory social insurances, in the systems of public relief and its connections with the private charity and the central hospital care. To satisfy this purpose, it was studied the State action in the plan of the workers and employers relations, underlining the labour relations and the social provisions models and the public intervention among the aid to the poor and pauper, for whom it was exclusively directed the public relief, in which the hospital care was also a branch of intervention, analyzing the models of access and the bases of the public intervention in this field. The insertion of Portugal in the international context also helped to positioning this evolution and to define the political regimes proposes in the social area, and the ideological background which favored the State intervention in the social policies matter. The theoretical element of the policies, the decision in favour of its execution, the schemes chosen, the obstacles and blockades to its implementation and its application or failure in the field also explain the feature of the social policies in Portugal in the considered period. To the needed description and enumeration of the studied reality, it was followed the association of an analytic and interpretative guideline of the studied field, aiming to reach an extended feature of the discussion, design, success or failure of the process of the social policies produced in the central State plan.

PEREIRA, Denise Maria Borrega, Visions of psychiatry, mental illness and republic in the work of the psychiatrist Luís Cebola (1876-1967): a historical approach at the crossroads of psychiatry, political ideology and fiction in Portugal in the first half of the 20th Century, PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Christopher Damien Auretta and António Manuel Nunes dos Santos, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16309)

Keywords: Luís Cebola; Casa de Saúde do Telhal; Biography; Psychiatry; Ergotherapy; Popularisation of science

Abstract: The aim of this dissertation has been to produce a biography of the psychiatrist Luís Cebola with particular emphasis given to his clinical practice and ideological position. Additionally, it explores the medical perception of mental illness and the psychiatric treatments administrated in Portugal during the first half of the twentieth century, while focusing on Cebola’s experience as clinical director -1911-1949 -of the Casa de Saúde do Telhal (CST), affiliated with the Ordem Hospitaleira de S. João de Deus (OHSJD). This project represents a pioneering study of this medical figure -nearly forgotten by the history of psychiatry -and his contributions to the development of Portuguese psychiatry and to the popularisation of medicine. Our research makes evident that the psychiatric treatments applied to the patients in CST followed the most up-to-date developments of the discipline at that time, both at a national and international level. Certainly, the multiple professional visits that Cebola carried out to European psychiatric institutions, played a major role in modernising CST’s therapeutic environment and methodologies, and also in the favouring of occupational therapy, i.e., ergotherapy. Finally, it is suggested that there are three main reasons that justify Cebola’s being ignored both by his colleagues and by the narratives of the history of psychiatry: first, he never developed research projects with colleagues, and as a consequence, he did not publish in the scientific journals of his time, which kept him outside the arena of scientific debate; second, he never created a circle of younger colleagues and students to continue his lines of clinical practice and last but not least, his publications, embodying a sustained socio-political critique directed against the Government, the Catholic church and, in the medical field, the practise of psychosurgery, became a source of friction with both the members of OHSJD and the emerging generations of psychiatrists.

PEREIRA, Joana Vida de Azevedo Dias, The social production of workers solidarity: Peninsula de Setúbal case study (1890-1930), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11800)

Keywords: Industrial Space; Working-class communities; Workers strategies; Associations; Collective action

Abstract: The option to analyze the development of industrial social relations through the co-implicated spatial and demographic processes, it’s based on assumption that the industrial space and the working-class populations are socially produced, ie, the result of different actors conflicting agency, among which stand out industrialists, the state and the workers. The processes of industrialization and urbanization, intensified after 1890, were observed in an integrated perspective, taking into account the southern dominant trends. Nevertheless, the privileged object of research in this dissertation was the workers strategic repertoire and their collective action. Industry concentration, but also speculation urban equipment deficiency, induced diversified livelihood strategies, which were analyzed using the most recent theoretical models. Were considered household individual strategies -migration, savings or diversification of income sources; strategies using foreign-aid -integration of informal networks of mutual aid; and, finally, the participation in associations and social movements. The latter, in turn, were subdivided among household-centered strategies -mutualism and consumer cooperatives; enterprise-centered -production cooperatives and unions; and state-centered strategies -structuring national associations and collective action. The main objective of this analysis was to understand the material basis and organizational resources that enabled the process of working-class mass mobilization in the second decade of the twentieth century. The European revolutionary crisis of 1917-1920 has been the target of numerous interpretations and empirical studies, my approach joined the historiographical tradition that favors a monographic and comparative analysis of the long-term process that proceeds this cycle of social unrest, allowing to relate the structure and the workers collective action evolution.

PEREIRA, Maria Paula dos Santos Lourenço, The Portuguese School at the service of the Nation: discourses and practices of orientation and discipline of primary teachers (1926-1956), PhD in History: Powers, Representations and Cultural Practices submitted to the Department of Social Sciences and Management of the Universidade Aberta, supervised by Maria Isabel João, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/6785)

Keywords: History of Portugal; Dictatorship; New State (Estado Novo); Educational administration; Primary school; Primary school teachers; Guidance and discipline

Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to identify and discuss the methods of operation used in the educational administration during the dictatorship to guide and enforce discipline on primary school teachers. Concerning the period of Military Dictatorship and Estado Novo analysis of political education, evolution of primary school teachers and their socio-professional identity has been the most frequent study found in History of Education. We focused onto the analysis of discourses and strategies used by the educational administration for guidance/indoctrination and discipline of primary school teachers in the sense of their conformity towards Salazar political-pedagogical project. Analysis of their structured readjustments based on the various reforms of educational policy, aided by changes in Direção Geral do Ensino Primário and the possible internal and external policy influences was considered. We tried to understand the weight of guidance and discipline in the inspective services and their awarded importance, in their professional performance. In order to understand the process of professional devaluation of primary school teachers we characterized them from their formative path to their identity. The everyday at school was analyzed to characterize it and understand which margin of autonomy was allowed for school teachers in their professional performance. The disciplinary control, suffered by teachers in their professional sphere as well as the incidence that took over their body and affections, was taken into account. We analyzed the actions brought to scholars, teachers and rulers, to try to characterize the type of offense and sanctions applied, in order to understand whether there is a correlation with the rigor of legal discourse and discursive practices of the educational administration.

PEREIRA, Ricardo da Costa, Portuguese football in the time of the First Republic (1910-1926), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Gaspar Manuel Martins Pereira, 2018

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PINHEIRO, Bruno José da Rocha, History in the history of textbooks in Portugal: from dictatorship to democracy (1947-2001), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Antunes Grosso Correia, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/94244)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PINHEIRO, Francisco Manuel de Jesus, History of the Portuguese Periodical Sports Press (1975 to 2000), PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Maria de Fátima Nunes, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12226)

Keywords: History of Writing sport press; History of media; History of sport; Journalists; Politic and football

Abstract: Making the history of the Portuguese newspaper sport press was the main goal of this research. This work included 940 Portuguese sports newspapers, created between 1875 and 2000. The construction of the history of sport journalism in Portugal was an important step to understand the real dimension of this specific area in the Portuguese and international media context. The research gave his contribution to identify the editorial fines and speech tendencies in the Portuguese newspapers sport press and gave some essentials contributions to different dimensions of the Portuguese general history in the contemporary era.

PINHO, Carla Sousa, Post-Cold War Peace Operations in Sub-Saharan Africa, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Carlos Manuel Mendes Dias, 2018

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PINTO, Alberto Oliveira, Colonial representations: History and literature. Angola, the Angolans and their cultures (1924-1939), PhD in History: History of Africa submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Isabel Castro Henriques and Ana Mafalda Leite, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/2018)

Keywords: Angola; Angolans; Colonialism; Culture; Representations

Abstract: This study is organized around the cultural representations that Angola and the Angolans assumed in the Portuguese colonial written discourse between 1924 and 1939. Even if this is a study on the theoretical field of history of mentalities or imaginaries, we still put in evidence the importance of colonial literature, which, like other domains of artistic expression, is a record of social memory, constitutes an unavoidable source of Angola's history. Two facts of a different nature which have played a fundamental role in the consolidation of the Portuguese imaginary concerning African realities are associated: the creation of the Colonial General Agency in 1924 and the organization of the Colonial Literature Competition in 1926, whose purpose was to draw the attention of writers to the colonies, thus contributing to reinforce and diffuse the images of the African, in line with the Portuguese colonial project. Literary works published prior to the outbreak of the Second World War are studied as primary sources, among which, due to the ideological vigor contained in them, those of a narrative character, namely, tales and novels, stand out. The selection of such works can only be pertinent, from the point of view of the evolution of Portuguese colonial policy, if one takes into account the publication in 1930 of the Colonial Act, the fundamental text of Portuguese colonialism. Three of the works selected, by Hipólito Raposo (1926), Emílio de San Bruno (1929) and Henrique Galvão (1929), are therefore prior to the Colonial Act, and the other four, by Guilherme d'Ayala Monteiro (1930 ), by Henrique Galvão (1933 and 1936) and by Luís Figueira (1933), were written after that chronological marker that is mainly political. They all show, through the use of "scientific" notions of racist content, an evolution that reinforces the devaluation of the Other.

PINTO, Ana Catarina Simões Mendonça, Class struggles in Portugal (1919-1926). Republican Left and radical bloc, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/17203)

Keywords: Political culture; Interwar; Republican Left

Abstract: The present study focuses attention on the First Portuguese Republic post-war era (1919-1926), searching the historical meaning of those disturbed years, characterized by permanent political instability and social unrest. We think that there is one explanation that turns those apparently chaotic last years of the republican regime understandable: similarly to other European countries, the specificity of the Portuguese 20’s resides in a phenomenon of political polarization, of mobilization and organization of social forces conforming to the fields of modern Left and Right. Specifically, our objects of study are the republican Left, a new autonomic field within republicanism, and the radical bloc, analytic concept under which we group heteroclite manifestations (parties, arms, intellectuals, unitarian initiatives) of the phenomenon of polarization in the Left.

PINTO, Fernando António Pereira, Discourses and contexts of affirmation of the economy of the sea (second half of the 20th century and transition to the 21st century), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Alves, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/83110)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The historical interrelationship of Portugal and Sea has always gone through models and cycles well defined. Within this thesis, the chronologic scope extends from the end of World War II to transition to the 21st century. The primary concern of this study is to examine how the Economy of the Sea is being perceived, taking into account the potential of the Oceans and different Speeches. I have tried to remember the historical and political background of the Economy of the Sea. As close background, I have mentioned the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century, citing individual and institutions speeches from the Colonial Empire. Within this study the following topics were selected as the most significant ones: The concept of “State’s sovereignty over the Sea’; The Law of the Sea; The political reaffirmation of the Colonial Empire, linked by the Sea; The dispatch 100/1945, which aimed the renewal of the Fleet and Merchant Navy (in 50’s and 60’s). The same years of the relationship with NATO and the Marshall Plan; The Fishing and Canning industries, designated as ‘guardians of the regime’, due its importance to National Economy (1936 to 1974); The Estado Novo, the economic internationalization and the economic development; The vast changes occurred in the relationship after April 25, 1974; The option to replace the Atlantic centrality with the membership of the EEC/EU in 1986. The decreasing power of the Merchant Marine and the Navy after the decolonization process; and the decision for a demolish policy; The increasing importance of Sea in the 90s, under a new legal institutional framework (UN and EU), the development of Science, the increasing role of universities, the recognizing of the potential economic power of oceans, the environmental concerns, the dynamics of maritime coast communities and also of the tourism sector, a new corporate vision and appreciation of the defense and security of shipping; The progress from EXPO 98 to the application to the Continental Maritime Platform, to a business increasing interest on the concept of ‘Hypercluster’ and to the creation of Sea National Strategic Policy. Governments and Republic Presidents increased their speeches about the Sea.

PINTO, Olga Maria Pereira Ribeiro Martins, Education and Ideology. Portugal, land of heroes: a historical figure in the educational context (1926-1974), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Cândida Ales Mourão Dias Barroso Proença, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11910)

Keywords: Ideology; Teaching; History; National identity; Historical memory; Symbol

Abstract: This dissertation was prepared under the PhD course in History, specializing in Contemporary History. The objective of this study is to analyze the historical and ideological discourse behind the ethics and mentality that featured the school and teaching in the period between 1926 and 1974.The conceptual framework of the regime was marked by a strong ideological bias that influenced the official historiography of the system. This formed during decades of historical mentality of the generations of that period directed to moral values that were intended to promote attitudes and behaviors leading to patriotism. In this perspective, took an extremely important role in the teaching/learning of the History, a set of historical figures whose actions reflected the ideological principles that the regime intended to convey and enforce. The ideology of the Estado Novo produced their own representations of historical figures. The building typologies "ideals" of the system was in preconceived conception of characters. The Estado Novo resorted to a mythical and imaginary investment in a range of historical characters whom have contributed in decisive periods of the course of national history, promoting their aggrandizement. The educational system of the Estado Novo embarks on a new kind of political socialization based essentially on the process of student identification with the heroic figures of the nation, hence the need to question the various images that the Portuguese were creating for themselves and the importance of knowledge of historical myths as a means of self-knowledge of a national community and its cultural values to understand the kind of society the system wanted to build. The system undertakes a strategy of concealment of its immaculate idealistic heroes that makes them unique, haloed by an aura of heroism and holiness that allowed them to ascend to a higher level, sacralizing them, making them examples for the future in which generations to come should review, on firstly to honor the national past, and secondly, to wish to imitate the behavioral model of these figures that put Portugal in the way of progress. Thus, these heroes became icons in history and historical and cultural mindset of the society of the Estado Novo, where education directed towards this end and nationalist ideological omitted an important part of the historical memory of the nation. For this study a corpus was delimited by legislation, programs, textbooks and youth and children ́s literature collections that were analyzed. This was analyzed according to the following matrix: the type of content covered; the historical discourse and how it is presented to the student; the use of ideological historical figure in the school.

PINTO, Rui Miguel da Costa, Gago Coutinho (1869-1959), geographer and historian: a scientific biography, PhD in History: History of the Discoveries and Expansion submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Francisco Contente Domingues, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/6366)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Admiral Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho was a brilliant naval officer that distinguished himself in the fields of geodesy, communications, navigation and as a historian. He worked intensely in the definition of colonial borders and geodesy in Timor, Congo, West and East Africa and São Tomé e Príncipe. He crossed the African continent on foot, twice (covering about 5200 Kms2 from Angola to Moçambique). Gago Coutinho set more than 2000 Kms of borders using a pedometer and a compass, and laid down triangulations in areas of more than 800 km2. His minute and intensive astronomical sightings demonstrated that the equator passes through the Ilhéu das Rolas, and not between it and São Tomé, as was conventionally accepted. In a joint venture with Sacadura Cabral, they created the ― “Plaqué of Drift”, later converted to the ― “Course Corrector”. He revolutionized aerial navigation by adapting a sextant with an artificial horizon. From the 30th of March to the 17th of June 1922, along with Sacadura Cabral, he established the first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic between Lisbon and Rio de Janeiro. In 1925, Gago Coutinho was appointed President of the Cartography Commission, being the most senior Board Member and being the author of the largest amount of published works. In the early Thirties he was invited by the German airplane builder Dornier to be the co-navigator of the crew of the huge seaplane Do X, on a voyage to South America during which his sextant was used. At the age of 74, he undertook a trip to Brazil on board the yacht "Foz do Douro", for 105 days and 8740 miles. In this study, we intend to document the life of Carlos Viegas Gago Coutinho, namely the lesser known details, by the study of existing documents in archives, libraries and private collections, most of which have been but recently available.

PIRES, Ana Maria Barros, To be a nurse in Portugal from the First Republic to the installation of the Estado Novo (1910-1933): readings in generalist press, PhD in Nursing: History and Philosophy of Nursing submitted to the Institute of Health Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Lucília Nunes, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/12101)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The present study, done in the field of the History of Nursing, focus the social representations associated with nurses and nursing. Throughout time society has associated very often contradictory representations of nurses and nursing, which persist in the individual and collective imaginary. Questioning the way those representations were established in the past and how they came to us, we defined as the main goal of our study to reveal how the social representations, associated with nurses and nursing appeared in the past. To fulfill this goal we set the temporal limits of the study between the beginning of the 1st Republic in 1910 and 1933, the year of the promulgation of the Constitution which established, by the force of the law, the principles which defined the “Estado Novo”. We developed this research according to the following guidelines: the identification of the sociopolitical, cultural and sanitary context; the identification of the legal diplomas concerning the profession, produced in that period of time and the identification of the representations related to nurses and nursing. To answer these issues we used: the generalist daily press to identify in the newspaper “Diário de Notícias” the news related with nurses and nursing; the legislative documents and the debates which supported its production. The study of this body of documents, news, legislative documents and the minutes of the parliamentary debates, was based on the conceptual assumptions of the discourse analysis, and more specifically on the concept of interpretative repertoire. This way we identified five repertoires used to describe nurses and nursing: the nurse as a maid and nursing as a feminine occupation; the enhancement of nurses and nursing in the context of the revolutionary fights and 1st World War; the enhancement of nurses in the context of their interventions; the enhancement of nursing in the context of legislative body; and the enhancement of nursing in the context of educational training. We also identified news on the professional organizations. We point out as final conclusions that republican ideals brought to light the laic nursing. The belief in the value of science, of which medicine became a discipline par excellence, compelled nursing to become a socially valued profession with skilled professionals. The 1st World War was also a turning point in the Portuguese nursing. It is from 1918 onwards that the legislative production proposes a regulation of the profession and a higher demand for its education. During the period of time we studied nursing passed from a profession practiced by undifferentiated personnel to a profession sanctioned by obtaining a diploma in legally recognized schools. Nurses passed from “maids” to qualified professionals. Nursing became a feminine profession and gained a communitarian side, needed for the struggle for better sanitary conditions in the country. A class consciousness became apparent which took form I the existence of professional associations and publications and trade unions. We believe this work can add to the reconfiguration of our past. The recovery of memory gives us cohesion and a sense of belonging to a professional group enabling us to structure our professional identity.

PIRES, Ana Paula Soares, Portugal and First World War. The Republic and the Economy of War, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2010

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

PIRES, Carlos Manoel Pimenta, The education of the neo-colonizers: the Colonial School and the Oversea Research in the Portuguese empire (19th and 20th centuries), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25076)

Keywords: History of Portuguese colonization in Africa; History of Education; History of Portugal; History of Africa; History of Science

Abstract: “The education of the neo-colonizers” describes part of the history of a science and a school responsible for forming expertise and public workers that carried out the Portuguese imperial utopia in the 19th and 20th centuries. Therefore, firstly are narrated the crucial moments in the construction of the Colonial science, which was a specific field of knowledge created for getting more-power outside Europe and controlling primarily the colonized populations. Some institutions and characters were elected as capitals to build this science: a biography of the explorer Lacerda and Almeida, who was qualified as the founder by specialized historiography, the history of the Geographical Society of Lisbon, which was the most involved institution in its realization in the 19th century, and the description and analysis of the intellectual groups’ academic production based in the overseas research board and the Colonial school in the 20th century. Furthermore, we add some reflections about the Colonial school's daily routine, which was a college from 1906 until 1962 when it was incorporated by the Technical University of Lisbon. This college sought many ways to reunite experts, professors and other professionals for structuring an educational system for the public workers allocated in the colonies for disciplining them according to the Imperial interests. The school proved to be a possibility for re-articulation of the Portuguese forces and refinement of power over the native populations as the context was unfavorable for the maintenance of an empire similar to the 16th-19th centuries based on the triad: military domination with a police-destructive character, slave labor and local oligarch elites. The establishment of a new configuration of the overseas domination meant fulfilling the demands of improvements in governance, only possible for the expertise of the three institutions of the thesis with the neo-colonizers' training in practices according to the precepts of Western civilizational process, the administrative rationalization and the knowledge produced in the metropolis.

PIRES, Nuno Correia Barrento de Lemos, The holistic command of war: Wellington, Spinola and Petraeus, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7507)

Keywords: War; Holistic command; Coordination; Coherence; Unity of command; Unity of effort

Abstract: Understanding a specific war situation requires an overall and complete vision of all relevant factors. Whoever is awarded the responsibility of commanding the war effort of a nation, a coalition or an alliance needs to develop a holistic vision which can allow for the use of all the available means in order to implement an encompassing, global and complete policy. A holistic command of war runs through four main dimensions. The first dimension derives from the nature of the forces that come into play. An effective command over all the existing different forces, including both armed and security forces and military and paramilitary forces, is required. The second dimension consists of the effective coordination between civilian and military organizations, between governmental, non-governmental and private entities, and between international organizations and the various states, coalitions and alliances. The third dimension deals with the coherence between politics, strategy, operations and tactics, all of which are to be looked at from an overall perspective and keeping in mind the existence of links between them. In this respect, a sharp distinction is made between different levels of authority (with some necessary degree of autonomy), which determine who can decide what and to what extent while, on the other, an attempt is made to increase levels of sharing, partnering, counseling and advice that can allow for better political decisions and consequent strategic changes. The fourth and last dimension is time. Politics and ensuing strategies need to be planned and thought by taking into consideration the prior, during and subsequent to the war (ante, in et post bellum), all of which must be viewed simultaneously and not as artificial phases or isolated periods of time. Wellington, Spínola and Petraeus led the effort of vast civilian and military teams that, at different periods of history and in distinct geographical settings, i.e. in very different war situations, had the opportunity to apply a holistic command using, or not, these four dimensions. What they achieved and obtained or not from the experiences they led and the doctrines they used, from what the reality on the ground showed to them and from the concurrent political decisions that were imposed on them limiting their own political and strategic action is all an important part of this comprehensive study. By studying the applicability in the situations of Wellington, Spínola and Petraeus and relating it with overall related concepts, it was possible to elaborate a general theory about the holistic command of war that is hereby presented for discussion.

PONTES, Margarida Joana Quaresma Tomás, Life Signals: War Letters, 1961-1974, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues and Maria Rita Braga Marquilhas, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/15770)

Keywords: Portugal; Overseas colonies; Estado Novo; Memory; War letters; Colonial war

Abstract: Sinais de Vida - life signals - deals with the record made by men and women who, during the years of the colonial war (1961-1974) registered in letters, written or dictated, their thoughts about the private ways in which they understood, felt and lived such a collective endeavor. Resulting from the specific circumstances of the war, these letters span across social class, gender and age differences, becoming, certainly, one of the most democratic sources for the history of this period. Written in a specific time, these letters were stored and compiled into an archive. The different perspectives offered by these recollections widen our perception of this period in Portuguese history and expand our understanding of how the evolution of military thinking was decisive to the end of the political regime that existed in Portugal at that time.

PUERTAS HERNÁNDEZ, Beatriz, The Shanghai beauties: heterotopic bodies and identities cataloged for the “New Woman” of the early twentieth century, PhD in International Doctoral Program in Culture Studies submitted to the Faculty of Human Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Jorge Santos Alves and Manel Ollé Rodríguez, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/17627)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Shanghai's story was a unique experience of Chinese Modernity, staging multiple dialogues between things modern and traditional. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty (1911), China and the West concurred in Shanghai to create a modern economy, a liberal society, a vibrant culture, which ended by redefining Chinese femininity and masculinity. Because of its ideal geographical location, the city served as a window for the coming of western ideas, commodities and mores. Shanghai also showed its leading role in the development of mass media and different cultural products. Among these, calendar posters were one of the most popular and widespread artifacts, and were regarded as an icon of the popular art of Shanghai from the 1910s to the 1930s. Calendar posters saturated the city with an intriguing ‘cosmopolitan look’ embodied through a new character: the “New Woman”, representing the urban life style and the taste of the age. By depicting the women's appearance, physical posture, life style and aesthetics in a seemingly "modern" and "liberated" style, they were regarded as a symbol of Shanghai's Modernity. Female body constituted a sight for visual consumption and a site for articulating public anxiety and private fantasy, reformulating the traditional male gaze and reconfiguring desire, pleasure, identity and gender. Idealized women broke into the public sphere apparently spreading a critique of the past, and a clear commitment to change values towards the future. They integrated themself in a mundane ambience, which allowed them to see and to be seen, to exhibit a body as being there and as an ideal to follow, creating a resonant format of gender where she was portrayed simultaneously as subject and object, owner and owned, in an endless reflexive interplay of consumer and consumed. The present study intends to appropriate the analytical models of pictorial semiotics and visual culture in order to decipher the female images and social status represented in print advertisements. It will also try to depict the cultural, social and political power struggles embedded in the commercial design, so as to shed new light on the textual analysis and cultural studies, and to enrich the scholarship of advertising and graphic art in Asia. Furthermore, analyzing them will help us to understand the miracle of Shanghai's Modernity, its path and experience in which the seemingly modern features were also heavily blended with elements from Chinese tradition.

QUEIROZ, Maria Inês Pires Soares da Costa, The Portuguese Marconi’s Wireless Company in the World Communications Network (1906-1936), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/18624)

Keywords: Wireless communications; First Republic; Telecommunications; Science and technology; First World War; New State

Abstract: This PhD thesis is focused on the origins and impact of Marconi’s Wireless in Portugal, from the beginning of the twentieth century until the 1930’s. The Portuguese Marconi Company was founded in 1925, after two decades of political and technical discussion, during which a first contract was signed in 1912. This new Company has benefited from the impacts of First World War, at a scientific, technical and industrial level, but also from the political efforts held during the First Republic in order to establish the Portuguese maritime, colonial and international wireless network. This study argues that, in Portugal’s case, the Atlantic Islands, the colonial territories in Africa, India and the Far East territories took part in the Company’s strategy to expand their world wireless network, not only due to their geographic dispersion but also envisaging the articulation with the Italian and British networks. From this strategic importance and the way it influenced the process of building the Portuguese wireless network, the study analyses the impact of Marconi in Portugal, namely as an agent for innovation.

RAMALHO, Miguel Nunes, The divisions of Portuguese military institution in the context of the Great War 1914-1918: David Magno, the dilemmas of a Portuguese military, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António José Telo, 2016 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/11969)

Keywords: David Magno; World War; CEP; La Lys; La Couture; Les Lobes; Military institution; War supporters; War opponents

Abstract: This research aimed at identifying and improving our understanding of the dilemas and contradictions caused by the way the Portuguese belligerency in the Great War was forced, giving special attention to the case of David Magno, paradigmatic of the division among military forces. The first republican army reforms started the divisions between staff officers and the demanded militia force, but it was the political decision of forcing the beginning of the war without a well-trained army and without the request of England that led to the great political dissension both society and the military institution. Contrary to what was proclamed, preparations failed, troops deployment became more difficult and disagreement arose about the military disposition on the ground. Logistics, strategy, tactics and relief and changing of the troops failed on the forces in the front line felt demoralized physical and psychological tiredness, increased by the conviction that they would never return home. Disagreements beween soldiers of CEP, war supporters and war opponents, soldiers and the political power of Lisbon, saff officers of CEP and division, battalions and campanies were generaly known obvious. These rifts were inevitably to cause the failure of the CEP and to lead to an irreparable dissension, of which captain Magno became an outstanding perfect example. However, after the war and the victory of the allied forces only few accepted the defeat. Many of vanquished aimed at becoming into symbols of heroism and bravery of the Portuguese race. We have analised and explained all this by dispelling miths, always having in mind the search for the real facts.

RAMOS, Justino da Glória, The dimensions of Angola's domestic and foreign policy and its influence on the history of contemporary international relations, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Armando Manuel de Barros Serra Marques Guedes and Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/9999)

Keywords: Angola; Southern Africa; Cold War; National independence; Angola’s foreign policy; Guerrilla warfare

Abstract: The present doctoral thesis aims to analyse and emphasize the antecedents and consequences of the general environment regarding the interpretation of the conflict that led to Angola’s final peace process, on April 4, 2002. The conflict will be analysed under four different, as well as simultaneously complex and interrelated conceptions: the national independence struggle; the regional conflict; its initial cold war context; and the internal conflict in itself which followed. The whole of the relational dynamics resulting from their interactions involved are examined, throughout the text, as increasingly inscribed in the wider framework of an Angolan foreign policy which emerged as ever more autonomous in its rooting. The focus of this work is always placed on this process of emergence. The present work will seek to identify which direction present research efforts point to, namely whether there are predominant analytical trends or if, instead, the four analytical strands here identified are aligned and generate an evolutionary explanation to what the conflict which brought about the Angola we know stood for.

REI, Vanessa Luís, Antarctica in the geopolitical space of the South Atlantic, PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Carlos Manuel Mendes Dias and Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/16389)

Keywords: South Atlantic; Geopolitical space; Contemporary History; Cooperation; Territorial claims; Antarctic treaty

Abstract: Long before its official discovery, Antarctica was already in the imagination of the nations and their sailors, for its believed natural assets. The Antarctic Treaty was signed in 1959 to curb the growing conflict over territorial claims in that continent. Existing claims were frozen and new ones were forbidden, but the possibility of exploitation of mineral resources was not addressed, once it was not feasible at the time. South Atlantic, which can be understood as the space between South America and Africa, comprises a corridor of high geostrategic value and has three important intercommunicating ocean basins, choke point Natal/Dakar, Cape of Good Hope, Drake Passage and the straits of Beagle and Magellan, direct natural links between the Atlantic and the Pacific. We thus consider that Antarctica and the South Atlantic cannot be analytically dissociated, so how important is Antarctica in that geopolitical space? In addition to their strategic location, both contain important natural resources, especially Antarctica. In 1991 the Protocol on Environmental Protection was signed in order to prevent the exploitation of natural resources in Antarctica and the consequent destruction of that habitat, but scientists who have been fighting for the preservation of the "icy continent" believe that commercial pressure could jeopardize the Protocol. Notwithstanding, the pressure for consensus is very high in the scope of the Antarctic Treaty System, mainly due to new members that cannot make any territorial claims and therefore stand for Antarctica’s statute as Reserve of Humanity.

REIGADA, Tiago dos Santos, Teaching with the Seventh Art: the space of cinema in the Didactics of History, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Alberto Marques Alves, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/77988)

Keywords: Cinema; History; History Education; Teaching of History; Historic film

Abstract: This dissertation develops cinema and its relation with the teaching of History. Through a retrospective look, we intend to understand what the relation between cinema and History is and vice versa, aiming to discover some anchoring points that enable us to fit it in the didactics field, making the movies the base for significant learning in History. Bearing this in mind, we have developed a theoretical context that comprises cinema, History and Didactics which enabled us to outline the application profile of movies within the History classroom, to analyze its theoretical capabilities, to put on some recommendations about what we should consider when we integrate this resource in the classroom in order to use it productively. We wanted to add the analysis of the existing legal documents that regulate the teaching of History (Programs, Curriculum, History Schoolbooks) verifying what suggestions/recommendations they (Programs an Curriculum) offer to introduce movies in the classroom and, by this mean, analyze the practical applicability of this suggestions - along with the theoretical recommendations already presented - in the preferential didactic instrument, the schoolbook. For that purpose, we have created a database containing all cinematographic suggestions presented by the History schoolbooks and proceeded to a qualitative and quantitative treatment of the gathered information in order to understand how movies are used in the teaching environment. The last part of this dissertation focused on the applicability of the previous theoretical formulations. Through the implementation of a case study research where we confront different class methodologies, with and without cinema, we intend to observe the behavior of the different classes involved, compare learning strategies, evaluate knowledge acquired and developed skills. The results obtained in this study are only the starting point for a much more efficient, incisive and problematic movie use as a didactic resource and lead the way to an increasingly productive application of film in the History classroom which enables to merge, simultaneously, the artistic and scientific value of the cinematographic work.

REIS, Célia Maria Ferreira, Power between Lisbon and the East - Persistences and changes in administration from Ultimatum to “Ato Colonial”, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/59135)

Keywords: Colonial administration; Colonialism; India; Macau; Timor; Legislation

Abstract: From the final decades of the 19th century the colonization movement was reflected in the government of the colonies, raising discussions, studies and adaptations to the reality. This thesis is about the administrative configurations of the Portuguese Colonies in the East, India, Macau and Timor, between the British Ultimatum and the «Ato Colonial». The existing establishment, institutionalized since 1869, has been successively changed by the emergence of new government offices, by the introduction of new means of financial control or by the alteration of status and organization of some colonies, making the administration less homogeneous than was proclaimed in some discourses. In addition to these adjustments, there were some proposals for modernization, particularly after the last years of the Monarchy, which continued into the Republican regime, in search of a more structured change. This was achieved by the laws published in 1914 and 1920. However, besides some obstacles, as Sidonismo, they were not enough to accomplish the goal, and required further legislation, which, throughout the Militar Dictatorship, tried to establish a stricter control. The Organic Status for each individual colony emerged in the sequence of the laws published in 1914. In this thesis, we analyse the proposals from India, Macau and Timor, the process of execution, the main features of each and their evolution. They were the product of the moment in which they took place, inserted in a wider change introduced in Portugal by the Republic, which conditioned their existence, firstly by the different contributions they made and, later, by the lack of definition of their situation. In addition to this structure, we study the way of the operationalization of central and colonial decisions, considering legislative production and, in general, the relation between diverse organs. In the first case, the governmental and parliamentary structures will be taken into consideration. In the colonies, we study their government authorities. There the governor ruled, as an interlocutor between metropole and overseas colony. His capacity and the possibility of action will be examined, considering he was under distant governmental offices, but in charge of other supervision powers, mainly in the financial area, of Councils and, in general, under pressure from the colonial interests. The competences and composition of the Councils and the means of financial control went through more intense change throughout the different reforms; fundamentally integrating functionalism, the aggregation of other elements of local society was diverse, depending on the colonies. Local resolutions were dependent on superior sanction which remained unchanged after reforms. However, sometimes the practice worked around the norm, keeping undefinitions as a form of action. Despite the continuation of the necessary sanction, legislation introduced changes, mainly based on the establishment of a response time. However, the metropolitan decision remained essential, thus affecting colonial life. The used forms, with persistence or changeable, were essentially a framework adapted to the circumstances, responding both to foreign models and to the needs imposed on Portuguese realities. Politics, in its instability and change phases, has also determined this path.

REIS, Fidel Raul Carmo, From classification policies to political classifications (1950-1996). The configuration of the Angolan political field: contribution to the study of racial relations in Angola, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Ana Maria Châteauneuf Mouta Faria, 2011 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/3265)

Keywords: Political ideology; Racial identity; Crises; Race relations; Racial conflict; Ideological identity; Classification struggle; Black; Mestizo; White; Indigene assimilado

Abstract: Regarding the study of racial relations in the Angolan society in the period of 1950-1996, the aim of this research was to understand the reasons that lead certain classifications based on the notion of race to be a fundamental resource in political fights, namely, in processes of inclusion and exclusion. In order to accomplish our objective we select a set of “racial” categories such as mestizo, white, black, indigene and assimilado, considering that they are classifications based on racial proprieties/somatic characteristics. Taking into account an interdisciplinary perspective we chose to use three core concepts. That is: political field, ideological identity and crises. Through these three concepts it was possible to analyse the dynamics of the Angolan political field as a space of classification fights. Classifications based on racial proprieties/somatic characteristics played a central role, as a political resource, in the processes of institutionalization of the political capital. Nevertheless, the field was not structured nor set according to racial proprieties/somatic characteristics. Its dynamics was shaped up by other principles that relegated to the background the role classifications based on racial properties played in the political fight.

RELVAS, Eunice Marisa Martins, Municipal elections in Lisbon in the First Republic (1910-1926), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Reis, 2014

(http://hdl.handle.net/10362/14493)

Keywords: Political History; Municipal elections; First Republic

Abstract: This thesis investigates the municipal elections in Lisbon during the First Republic (1910-1926). It is intended to capture continuity and change in this political microcosm, for a thorough knowledge of the electoral History of this time and place. It studies, one by one, the municipal elections in Lisbon (1913, 1917, 1919, 1922 and 1925). It searches partisan forces, candidates for councilors, political campaigning, the electoral body and the voting results for each ballot. In the final chapter there is an analysis of all the suffrages, looking into the issue of municipal power legitimacy in Lisbon in the First Republic. We conclude that the "elections made” dictated the Portuguese Republican Party hegemony in all municipal elections in the capital city. Nevertheless, the republican regime endeavored in political participation, civic culture and the democratization and modernization of Portuguese society.

REZENDES, Sérgio Alberto Fontes, Fears, privations and misery in an armed prevention environment: echoes of the Second World War in Azores, PhD in Insular and Atlantic History (15th-20th centuries) submitted to the School of Social Sciences & Humanities of the Universidade dos Açores, supervised by Carlos Alberto da Costa Cordeiro, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/4493)

Keywords: Economic Crisis; Submarine Warfare; World War II; Azores

Abstract: Isolated in the North Atlantic, the Azores have always suffered in the struggle for the domination of the seas. The World War II was no exception. The interaction between civil and military authorities, imposed by outer pressures, shows the specificity and vulnerability of the Azorean people during WWII. External and internal factors, abnormal to the country and induced by the war, like the lack of materials, food, transport, inflation, the black market, the drop in the purchasing power and the possibility of riots are some examples. The islands would have serious difficulties to sustain the presence of a large military contingent with the function of defending them, regardless of materials and food, human and financial gaps. The conversion of the military device, from peace to war, overwhelmed by the facilities granted to foreign people, would worsen even more the dependence on foreign economy, exposing the islands to factors such as the economic blockade and submarine warfare. The Azoreans felt insecurity, the lack of transport and a reducing capacity of importation and exportation. Controlled by a fascist government with exceptional and authoritarian powers, like the conversion of the production; the mobilization and distribution of the workforce and the orientation of internal trade, especially in the movement of goods, rationing and consumption; price-fixing and wages and profits limitation, there would be an attempt to control the inflation, the devaluation, the loss of foreign exchange and, in the end, the balance between the authorities, the military forces and the Azoreans.

RIAS, Ana Paula Lopes de Oliveira Andrade, The University in the Context of Veiga Simão’s Reform (1971), PhD in Historical Sciences submitted to the Faculty of Human Sciences of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by Rui Manuel Monteiro Lopes Ramos, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/3462)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: In 1971, the most controversial reform of the Portuguese higher education system of the twentieth century was set out and submitted to public debate. Innovative and revolutionary, the document came with approval from the top, Prime Minister Marcelo Caetano, also responsible for choosing Minister Veiga Simão, the architect of this proposed reform. Its fundamental guidelines were based on educational, scientific, administrative and financial autonomy as well as opening up universities to wider society by investing in research and promoting scientific and creative critical mass. The core objectives were the training of professionally skilled individuals with a solid cultural background and an awareness of their role in society. In order to identify the players and positions taken, the content of expert opinions and the information collected by state entities, we made recourse to sources available in the Ministry of Education Historical Archives, the “Câmara Corporativa” Newsletters and the National Parliament as well as the broader media and personal testimonials, not only by the man overseeing this process, Veiga Simão, but also other leading participants. This thesis has the goal of studying and demonstrating how it was actually possible to adopt a reform aiming to democratise and transform not only the structures and modus operandi of the entire higher education system state structure but also the prevailing attitudes while within a system remaining authoritarian and undemocratic. It aims futhermore to understand how the Portuguese intelligentsia was called upon to express opinions as though debate were free while, in fact, censorship remained a stark reality. This took place within the scope of a strategy of involving society as a means of legitimizing the progress of measures implemented through ministerial decree before parliamentary approval. In 1973, Parliament did approve a package of education legislation (Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo) that did not change the essence of the original ministerial proposals, thus highlighting the influence of public opinion - and the media that conveys it - on members of parliament.

RIBEIRO, Carla Patrícia da Silva, Image and representation of Portugal. António Ferro and the identity elaboration of the Nation, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Maria da Conceição Meireles Pereira, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/92109)

Keywords: António Ferro; New State; National Propaganda Bureau; Propaganda; National Identity; Politics of the Spirit

Abstract: The twentieth century was born, in Europe, under the sign of insecurity, away from the certainties and promises of indefinite progress of the nineteenth century, a situation hampered by the First World War. The world after 1918, dominated economically by the consequences of the 1929 crisis and the Great Depression, would be the period of consolidation of fascist and nationalist dictatorships all over Europe, an era of sturdy nationalisms. In Portugal, the New State, formalized in 1933, following the military dictatorship established in 1926, took over the mission to restore the soul of the Portuguese nation and to ensure the its prestige, both internally and externally. To this end, in 1933 was established an agency responsible for the propaganda of Portugal, the regime and its leader, the National Propaganda Bureau. This thesis focuses, therefore, on the action of the National Propaganda Bureau, directed by António Ferro between 1933 and 1949, regarding the construction of Portugal’s national identity. Thus, it is analysed what was Portugal’s image in this period, the target audiences, internal and external, unveiling the resources and discursive elements employed, placing them within Ferro’s Politics of the Spirit, and assessing the motivations inherent to this process, both personal and institutional.

ROCHA, Jorge Manuel Lima da Silva, Defense Planning and Alliance Management: Portugal in the Early Years of the Cold War (1945-1959), PhD in History, Defense and International Relations submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues and Francisco Miguel Gouveia Pinto Proença Garcia, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6989)

Keywords: NATO; Alliances; Defense planning; Iberian Peninsula; Spain

Abstract: The first decade after Second World War brings a new securitarian environment full of challenges but also obstacles to overcome. With alliances established primarily with Spain and, later, with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the United States, the Portuguese authorities find themselves at that time struggling with the difficult task to carry out the national defense planning surrounded by an environment favorable to bilateral and multilateral tensions that will have effects in the execution of that same planning. This is an issue that deserves some occasional mention in some books but had not yet been analyzed in a more systematic and comprehensive way. Focusing our attention in a period which is considered of great importance for the development of collective defense capability of the Western World (1945-1959) during which, in Portugal, takes place one of the largest and most radical transformations of defense and military policies in the Portuguese national history, we tried, with the research we have carried out, to understand the defense planning then developed in Portugal in order to evaluate to what extent that same planning was subject to constraints arising from the alliances established by the Portuguese authorities. After completing this study we can conclude that the intricate defense planning implemented in Portugal in the years 1945 to 1959 was significantly conditioned by commitments resulting from the political and military alliances established by the Portuguese national authorities before and during that time period.

RODRIGUES, Joaquim Manuel Vieira, Algarve and the Great War: the question of subsistence (1914-1918), PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2010

(http://hdl.handle.net/10362/29672)

Keywords: Algarve; Subsistence; Scarcity; Hunger; Monopolization; Living cost; Strikes; Influenza

Abstract: This dissertation is intended to analyse the impact of the «question of the subsistencies» in Algarve during the First World War (1914-1918), based on correspondence (trades, telegrams, letters and others documents), from and for the civil Government of Faro, with different ministries, in particular those that manage more directly the problem of subsistencies, and with other national, regional and local entries, deposited in Faro district archives. This documentation literally traces back, the daily scarcity and the lack of subsistences that the province needed and the several barriers placed at its acquisition. Apart from this, the Lagos, Portimão, Loulé, Olhão and Tavira archives were consulted. They provided an impressive image on those municipalities. Another important source was the press, not only national but also mainly the regional press. The demographic evolution and the communication status was analysed, as well as Algarve’s economic structure (agriculture, fisheries and industries), at the moment that the conflict began, trying to make evident the Algarve potential and its weaknesses, as well as the Republic proclamation’s impact on the province. There was a through research over the scarcity of principal goods, doing a «geography of hunger» in the province, the principal illegal activities (monopolization and smuggling) and the economic intervention mechanisms that was implemented by the state (price list, manifests, inventorying, traffic guides and goods requests). Although the elements found about salaries were scarce, we are trying to show the evolutions of some socio-professional groups in Algarve and the impact of rising prices of the goods consumed by the population. For these last, a noticeboard and graphics set, was done to prove evident the unstoppable rise, with negative reflexes on the purchasing power of some social groups in the province. Since the famine knocked on many homes and the cry of revolt would sound in many places, a regional geography of social conflicts was traced, covering basically all activities that existed in Algarve. These conflicts were expressed by demonstrations, robberies, mutinies, revolts and strikes. The rural and urban people protested strongly to the difficulties of their quotidian life. The “meteoric” phenomenon of Sidonismo arose in Algarve: its implantation, it’s economic model, and mainly it’s intervention on the «question of the subsistencies» (municipal storage bins, organization structure and rationing) and the impact of the general strike of 18 November 1918, as a result of the worsening of the economic and social situation. In the preparation and hatching of this strike, the algarvian labour movement participated actively. Finally, as a result of the impact on the life of the population in Algarve, the extension of the «Spanish flu» and the scarce resources to combat it was analysed, in a short space of time many lives were taken.

ROMEIRAS, Francisco Maria de Sousa de Macedo Malta, From natural sciences to genetics: The scientific dissemination in the journal "Brotéria" (1902-2002) and the scientific teaching of the company of Jesus in the 19th and 20th centuries in Portugal, PhD in History and Philosophy of Science submitted to the Faculty of Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Henrique José Sampaio Soares de Sousa Leitão, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/10954)

Keywords: Brotéria; Society of Jesus; Popularization of Science; Scientific Credibility

Abstract: The Society of Jesus was one of the most important institution involved in the teaching and practice of mathematics and astronomy in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and East Asia. In Portugal, from 1540 to 1759, the Jesuits developed and maintained a vast network of colleges and were responsible for the education of around 20000 pre-university students. With the expulsion of the Order by the Marquis de Pombal, in 1759, the Jesuit colleges were closed and the educational system was dismantled. The secularization of the educational system was accompanied by a massive political campaign in which the Jesuits were considered the major obstacle to scientific progress. This accusation of obscurantism and scientific illiteracy was largely accepted in Portugal in the 18th century and persisted throughout the 19th century. When the Jesuits returned to Portugal, in the 1850s, in order to recover their scientific and social credibility, they made scientific education and research a priority. Among their initiatives, they founded the colleges of Campolide (Lisboa, 1858) and São Fiel (Louriçal do Campo, 1863), two of the most important secondary schools in Portugal that made relevant efforts in the teaching of science, and established Brotéria, a scientific journal with original research papers. Considered one of the most significant learned journals printed in Portugal in the 20th century, it published 400 popularization articles and more than 1300 research papers on zoology, botany, biochemistry and molecular genetics. By analyzing the scientific and pedagogical activities of the Portuguese Jesuits in the 19th and 20th century, I expect to shed some light into the outer tensions and the inner desires that led a religious order to deeply engage in scientific practices in order to recover its social and scientific credibility.

ROSA, Duarte Manuel Gonçalves da, Tomáz Borba in the History of Portuguese Music of the 20th Century: Modernity and Tolerance, PhD in Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences & Humanities of the Universidade dos Açores, supervised by Carlos Cordeiro and Rua Fernando Vieira Nery, 2012

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

RUIVO, Francisco Felgueiras Bairrão, Spinolism: Political turn and social movements, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2013

(http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10790)

Keywords: Portuguese Revolution; Social Movements; Collective Actions; Grassroots Movement; Labour Movement; Urban Dwellers Movement; Spínola; Democratization; Decolonization; MFA; April 25th; September 28th; “Silent Majority”

Abstract: In 1974, between April 25 and September 28, Portugal experienced a period marked by an intense explosion of social action movements and by the conservative presidency of General António de Spínola. A revolutionary popular movement arises, crossing the entire country, including all professional sectors, and going beyond the laboring world. This will be the back-ground for great political changes and the main driving force during the first five months of the revolutionary process. Although the present study emphasizes the labor movement and the urban residents’ movement, it was a socially widespread popular movement, as society experienced a global process of politicization, mass mobilization, organization and political action. Being of a popular nature and not contrived by the State, this movement surpasses the State and doesn’t wait for it. It imposes achievements, claims, rights and liberties, even before they are institutionally established. While questioning both the employers’ and the State’s power, it foresees and builds a radical change of structural nature in Portuguese society. We aim to measure the impact of this revolutionary popular movement, both in the political process and in the overthrow of Spínola’s political project, and to analyze its relations with the political and military power. This grassroots movement contributes to the achievement of fundamental rights, such as the minimum wage, the right to strike, the trade union freedom or freedom of association and the organization at the work places. Alongside, it largely imposed the foundations of a Welfare State. In only five months this social outburst has a crucial role in transforming the military coup into a revolution, in radicalizing the political process towards a complete rupture with the dictatorial past, and in broadening democracy into a constrains-free process. Although the main goal is to interpret the action and impact of the popular movement, we intend to pursue an analyzes of the political, institutional, party, economic and African processes, in line with this dissertation’s aims.

SALGUEIRO, Ângela Sofia Garcia, Science and University on Portuguese First Republic, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/16284)

Keywords: Contemporary History; Science; Portuguese First Republic; University; Scientific Research

Abstract: The higher education reform that followed the deployment of the First Republic has imposed structural changes within national scientific context. The Republican State then instructed the Universities and higher education institutions to foster scientific research, acknowledging their central role in the modernization of national science. It promoted, under the University’s supervision, the concentration of several autonomous scientific institutions and the modernization of university teaching departments and laboratories. These measures allowed modern scientific research to take-off, a practice that would soon become more complex, both at an institutional and human level, demanding important changes, namely by the organization of an autonomous Institute of scientific activity coordination. In this sense, this thesis aims at analysing the process of scientific research institutionalization within the University, considering the methods of reproduction and specialization, the specific rhythms of its development, the spaces and actors where it took place as well as its various interdependencies with political, economic, social and cultural contexts.

SALMI, Stefano, Relations between Italy and Portugal during the Facist Period and the Estado Novo, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Manuel Soares dos Reis Torgal and Alberto de Bernardi, 2013 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23584)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SAMARA, Maria Alice Dias de Albergaria, The Republics of the Republic: History, Political culture and Republicanism, PhD in History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Reis, 2010

(http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5572)

Keywords: History of Portugal; Political Culture; Republicanism

Abstract: This dissertation analyses the Portuguese First Republic as a political construction and from the viewpoint of political culture, focusing on three essential moments: the imagined Republic before October 5th, 1910; the Republic in power and the way political divergences were handled, especially the revolutionary faction; and, finally, the fall of the Republic. The central idea in this dissertation is that the republican movement was more than just the Portuguese Republican Party - itself also informed by different sensibilities - being more like a galaxy of organizations and a polyphony, a movement with several voices. This particular feature is essential to the understanding of the beginning and end of the First Republic, a regime that occupies a central position in the political imaginary of the Portuguese 20th century. The objective is not to present the study object monolithically, but rather to address the different ideas about what the Republic should have been, and eventually came to be. Therefore, this dissertation starts by trying to understand how and in which context the Republic was imagined, and how this articulated itself to the republican galaxy, paying special attention to the convergences with other movements. Assuming this was a period in which the masses aimed for a public and political voice, we analyzed the relationship between the republicans and the people. The Portuguese Republican Party was analyzed in order to understand its internal dynamics, as well as how the popular classes were attracted. We were also interested in studying different social contexts to argue how the ability to think politics had permeated Portuguese society. To deliver the message was essential for the movement and, therefore, we studied the different strategies employed by republican propaganda, and also how it represented its enemies. After October 5th, 1910, we were interested in understanding how meaning and the foundations of the regime were built, arguing that these political constructions allow us to better grasp the regime’s dynamics. The final chapter considers the importance of the old and the new in the republican regime (or the different ways to understand both concepts), in the motivation of the political actions of different agents. Deconstructing the simplistic images that were created about the Republic - especially during the New State - we argue that in spite of the absence of universal suffrage, republicanism should be understood as a step in the democratization process of Portuguese society.

SANTOS, Aurora Alexandrina Vieira Almada e, The United Nations and the Portuguese Colonial Issue: 1961-1970, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Pedro Aires Oliveira, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13087)

Keywords: United Nations; Self-determination; Portuguese Colonial Issue

Abstract: This Thesis is designed to study the United Nations’ commitment in the controversy regarding the Portuguese colonial issue between 1961 and 1970. The United Nations has been responsible for the development of ideas that sometimes can attain an universal scope, becoming key elements in the regulation of the international relations. The idea of self-determination was named in the United Nations’ Charter in a generic and undefined feature without any kind of reference to the chapters related to the dependent territories. Due to a long process of institutionalization, which was very controversial, the idea of self-determination became gradually the right of each people to freely determine its own destiny. After Portuguese membership, the United Nations developed efforts to achieve the implementation of the idea to its colonies. Refusing to comply with the resolutions, the Portuguese government induced the Organization to develop new procedures which would result in an empirical evolution of the Charter dispositions. As we intend to explain, in the end the Portuguese colonial issue was one of the main influences in the general dispute regarding self-determination, constraining the United Nations to introduce new developments in the idea, which nonetheless never escaped to its controversial feature.

SANTOS, Ivete Sobral dos, The National Emigration Office and Emigration Policy in Estado Novo, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Maria Fernanda Rollo, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/13089)

Keywords: Estado Novo; Emigration policy; National Emigration Office

Abstract: The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Portuguese migratory policy through the eyes of the economic coordination office - the National Emigration Office (NEO) - created on October 28, 1947, in an international context that was favorable to a system of government where State institutions controlled and oversaw all migratory affairs. Starting the analysis in the late nineteenth century, right when exiting the country became a political issue, this thesis identifies the evolutionary process that leads to the creation of NEO and to the definition of its superintending and policing nature over emigration. It also considers the monarchic and republican legacies, regarding both the legal canons and the administrative praxis, in order to identify permanencies with the old practices and new particularities introduced by the dictatorial regime, always having in consideration Estado Novo’s position towards emigration in the 1930’s.The creation of NEO occurred in a key-moment where the Portuguese dictatorial regime matured its intervention over the Portuguese economy and society, but it was also a moment of great national instability, mostly due to the immediate post-war, two factors that this thesis also takes into account, by analyzing the political and socioeconomic motivations for NEO’s creation, the Portuguese Government purposes’ and indecisions’ around its creation, and NEO’s institutional structure. It is also the purpose of this thesis to identify the process that granted NEO its monopoly over the entire migratory process, which in turn also changed the role of all middlemen in the emigration business, and toned down the influence of ticket and passport agencies. In order to understand the various economic and political interests in play, both national and international (namely the maritime, colonial, agricultural, and industrial lobbies, or the Portuguese colony of Brazil), this thesis tries to point out, primarily, the inherent logics that led to the definition of the migratory regulations and constraints, and to the administrative mechanisms, which combine the national interest with migratory policies, and secondly, it tries to understand NEO’s action and role in identifying illegal practices. Moreover, it also intends to understand the way in which the national emigration service sees the opportunity of signing an emigration protocol, presented, at the time, as an optimum safeguard to the emigrant. This thesis also devotes its attention to the emigrant transport regulations adopted by NEO, and to the national shipping companies growing concerns regarding the emigration business, when around 1950and1960, they were faced with airline and international maritime competition. Finally, regarding the migration to European countries around 1960, this thesis tries to identify NEO’s position. It focuses on the turbulent flow of Portuguese emigration to France, by comparison to other European migratory flows, particularly the Federal Republic of Germany, in an attempt to understand the manpower selection and recruitment process, the entangled relationships established between the different institutions linked to the migratory process, and the discussions that took place around the temporary suspension of emigration in April, 1967. Lastly, this thesis points out the emigration policy reformulation process that took place during Marcello Caetano’s presidency, as well as the administrative and institutional changes that led to the substitution of NEO by the National Emigration Bureau, in 1970.

SANTOS, Joaquim José Carvalhão Teixeira, Cinema in the “Entroncamento” of “Progress”. Contribution to the History of the Cinematographic Exhibition in Portugal, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Reis Torgal, 2011 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/18244)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: An historical approach of the cinema and the cinema exhibition through the local and regional history study is proposed. Thus, first of all, we discuss the underlying concepts, mainly those concerning the profile of a new local history and the historical relevance of the cinema show reality in the contemporary world, including multiple dimensions influenced by a broader historical context. From the analysis of a specific case, it is possible to explore wider realities and reflect upon the relationship of a diversity of dimensions, from the particular to the general. We have tried to highlight, through the concrete development of our research, that the local history offers a delimitated study field which allows us to carry out a systematic research of historical data and a related view of vectors and dynamics with a special meaning. We have specifically analysed the cinema exhibition activity in a small province town, Pampilhosa do Botão, trying to explore an important research opportunity. Centred upon the history of a theatre, we have tried to combine the perception of an evolutive sense, pointing out successive phases in a wide chronological frame, with a detailed analysis of a particular period. This is included in the silent cinema period, specifically, starting with the local regular presence of the cinema show, from 1925 on. In this study, it is important to understand the specific context of a small province town and to recognise how the cinema imposed itself, attracting a quite wide film audience, necessarily heterogeneous. Coherently, an image asserted itself and new interests were created, well expressed in the definition of regular cinema-going habits. The programming profile, which, in its whole, we have managed to establish, was a result of the combination of a set of factors, from the conditions influencing the original film production to the management’s choice options of this small cinema, interacting with the environment, including the role of distribution companies and the different relative position of these agents. In a context of economic viability, which is important to understand, the local exhibition of many particularly representative cinema productions took place. Together with a promotion speech, a cinema value awareness was locally divulged. Cinema was actually an important means of cultural expression, communication vehicle and way of recreation, without competitors at that time, specially in the case of a small town context with such characteristics. Assuming the reality of different cinema audiences and the existence of preferences in a cinema-going context, we analysed the box-office results as a concrete evidence of a reception frame. This critical approach was possible through the creation of an organised information corpus and its respective exploration, by means of a suitable method. Actually, the quantitative analysis must assist an interpretation effort, involving the reflection upon a diversity of influence factors. For a better understanding, we also tried to gather comparison elements, taking into account, both the general national reality and other particular cases. Somehow everywhere, the cinema show soon overtook obstacles and brought realities nearer, in a time of a new mass culture development. It was also possible to see, how the decisive cinema triumph, with its fascination power, low cost and permanent offer renewal combined with the definition of spectators’ choices, forming, in this field, an important basis for the evolution in the following decades. About those other times, briefly mentioned in this work, we underlined some characteristics of a golden period of the sound cinema, which was particularly significant in our national cinema history, and then we tried to highlight some aspects of a later evolution which would alter cinema predominance and would lead to a deeper distinction of realities. Avoiding improperly founded interpretations, one must, actually, distinguish in this area different historical contexts which, from production to reception, determined realities, well recognised in their specificity.

SANTOS, José Miguel Pereira dos Reis, Rhetoric of Fascism. Processes of diffusion and reception of New State in the context of the institutional transition processes of a new order Europe, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/43935)

Keywords: António Oliveira Salazar; Portugal; Propaganda; Comparative Fascism; New State

Abstract: This body of work has the intention to explore the mechanisms of diffusion and reception of (Portuguese) Estado Novo in the context of institutional transition processes in the Europe of the New Order, in the perspective of the Lusitanian propaganda machine and its diplomatic corps. This thesis belongs to the academic field that has been devoted to the comparative study of fascism and authoritarianism in the inter-wars, that recently has been interested in exploring the lines of contact between different regimes and political actors, intellectuals and men of letters, and work these spaces and areas previously disregarded by the academy and the literature. Thus, through an interpretative, contextualized and comparative interpretation, we seek to understand how the idea and image of Estado Novo, Portugal, and António de Oliveira Salazar - the undisputed leader of the Portuguese national revolution - were disseminated and transported to the inter-wars intellectual landscape, how and by whom they were received, and what impact these propaganda materials produced and where.

SANTOS, Maria Alcina Ribeiro Correia Afonso dos, Salazar’s Elites in Trás-Os-Montes During the Estado Novo - The Case of Artur Águedo de Oliveira (1894-1978), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Luís Reis Torgal, 2012

(https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/18281)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The subject of the study Elites Salazaristas Transmontanas no Estado Novo - O Caso de Artur Águedo de Oliveira (1894-1978) [Salazar’s Elites in Trás-Os-Montes During the Estado NovoThe Case of Artur Águedo de Oliveira (1894-1978)] is a possible interpretation of the ideological basis of the politics behind Estado Novo, with a particular reflexive emphasis on the biography of a man who was not only an ideologist from the regime, but also a powerful and restless hand that nourished and served the regime for decades, thus marking the History of Ideas and Mentalities of Contemporary Portugal, particularly in the region of Trás-os-Montes. One studied the career of Águedo de Oliveira within the political, administrative, economic and financial structures of the Estado Novo, as well as his activity regarding ideological, doctrinal and cultural aspects. In effect, to fully understand and elaborate a critical appraisal on this politician and his role within the Portuguese contemporary history, both globally and in depth, this theme is original and interesting to broaden the perspectives on and interpretation routes of the period being studied, as well as to understand the influence of Salazar’s political elites in Trás-os-Montes. Therefore, the methodology used was not chronological (although Águedo de Oliveira’s political career is followed), but rather thematic and evolutionary, since the different chapters develop the ideology behind his main line of thought and his political action, his relationship with the government, in an analogy with the “Identity” of the regime. The proof that Águedo de Oliveira may, in fact, be considered a political speaker, a diffusor of the general Propaganda of the Estado Novo (please refer to the first Chapter “O modo transmontano de ser salazarista” [The Trás-os-Montes way of following Salazar], third chapter “O poder e as elites” [The power and the elites], and the fifth chapter “Águedo de Oliveira: um percurso político, de S. Bento ao Terreiro do Paço” [Águedo de Oliveira: a political path, from S. Bento to Terreiro do Paço]) and particularly of Salazar’s Regime is also an objective of this study. The imitation of the “Master of Coimbra” (Salazar), a permanent but not always attained wish of Águedo de Oliveira, is easily perceived throughout his political career as a minister, member of the parliament, “active” right arm of structures such as the Portuguese Legion and the National Union. This topic is particularly dealt with on the fourth chapter “Águedo de Oliveira, o pupilo de Salazar” [Águedo de Oliveira, Salazar’s pupil] and on the seventh chapter “A Ideologia de Águedo de Oliveira” [The Ideology of Águedo de Oliveira]. This study also includes a regionalist and comprehensive interpretation of the political activity of Águedo de Oliveira. Trás-os-Montes was the place where the Regime grew with deep and strong roots, the origin of several “right-hand men” of this dictatorship, who secured and promoted the guidelines of the Estado Novo. The last aspect under focus, which becomes the theme of the eight chapter “Alguns conteúdos temáticos da sua Biblioteca” [Some thematic contents of his library], is translated into an attempt to capture, without surpassing the intrinsically political theme, the programmatic lines that extrinsically demonstrate the fact that a politician from the Estado Novo accumulated praxis with ideology, action with convictions, training with information, unquestionably present in the “case” of Águedo de Oliveira. In the conclusions, which are approximate and non-conclusive, the following questions are put forward: Who was Águedo de Oliveira, the man? How may one read him as a “practical man” of Salazar? This dissertation is composed of two attached volumes: - Volume Annex I: Documentos - O enunciado lógico da sua Ideologia [Documents - the logical statement of his ideology]; - Volume Annex II: Esboço de uma imagem da sua fotobiografia [Sketch of an image from his photobiography].

SANTOS, Miguel António Dias, Anti-liberalism and Counter-Revolution in the First Republic (1910-1919), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Amadeu José Figueiredo de Carvalho Homem, 2010 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/12380)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SANTOS, Paula Alexandra Fernandes Borges dos, Estado Novo's religious policy (1933-1974): state, laws, governance and religious interests, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando José Mendes Rosas, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/8617)

Keywords: State; Religion; Catholic Church; Laws; Governance

Abstract: This study seeks to examine the attitude of the state towards religion and how it regulated religious presence in the public space, between 1933 and 1974. Its introductory part includes a delimitation of the object of study, a clarification of the methodological options followed and a literature review. The dissertation is organized in two parts. The first looks at the legal regime of relations between the state and the Catholic Church, from the Constitution of 1933 and its revisions, the Concordat and Missionary Agreement of 1940, signed between Portugal and the Holy See, and the regulation of religious freedom during the government of Caetano. The second part traces the background of the role of government and other state institutions in the formulation of religious policy. It is still assessed how the Executive, under both Salazar and Caetano, formulated the religious policy, managed the religious interests, wove commitments in face of the support or dissent voiced by Catholics and carried out the regulatory process of the Concordat.

SCHAEFER, Ansgar, Representing History: potential and limits of historical documentary in the diffusion of the past, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Fernando Marques Ribeiro Reis, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12486)

Keywords: Historical documentary; Theory of Documentary; Images of Archive; Colonial War; Historiography; Colonial Propaganda

Abstract: This study intends to investigate the diverse modalities that characterize the historical documentary: what are the forms of representation of history through the documentary? How does the historical documentary as a cinematographic genre reproduce narrative models associated with the writing of history? What is its potential and what are its limitations in relation to the elaboration, thought and dissemination of history? Are documentary films new objects of knowledge? Will they make a real contribution to historiography? While the first part aims to determine the main parameters on which documentary theory and praxis are based, the second part is devoted entirely to a synchronic and diachronic analysis of a set of historical documentaries produced in Portugal about the initial phase of the Colonial War in Angola. We chose this key period of contemporary Portuguese history because of the importance of the event, not only for the political regime of the time, but also for the whole of Portuguese society. From the outbreak of hostilities in a theater of war about 10,000 kilometers away from the mainland, a major task for the government is to explain to the Portuguese population “por que nos batemos em Angola" (why we fight in Angola), as the title of an exhibition organized in August 1961 by the National Information Secretariat. This basic problem resulted in a huge media coverage not only in the various press organs, but also in the radio and in the newly constituted Radiotelevisão Portuguesa. We constituted for our analysis a body of five documentary films, two of which were produced in the period prior to April 25th and three in the later period. Both groups are, however, related by a central link: the historical documentaries produced recently about the period in question, as a rule, make use of the images that integrated two colonial and military propaganda films: Angola - Decisão de Continuar e Nambuangongo - A Grande Arrancada. This allows us to make a diachronic comparison of the reuse of these images under the perspective of the changes occurring in their meaning within new contexts. The determination of the continuities and the fractures in form and content that characterizes the documentaries will be the object of our analysis. Starting from the postulate that the cinematographic forms are means of thought as valid as the textual formulas, we try to demonstrate with this study that the contribution of the documentary film for the construction of history can be as valid as the traditional instrument of the historiography, the text written. Considering its role in "spreading the past", this study seeks to reflect on how audiovisual forms of historiography contribute to shaping historical memory and what problems they can elicit.

SERRANO, Clara Isabel Calheiros da Silva de Melo, “Art of talking and Art of being silent”: Augusto de Castro - Journalism and Diplomacy, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Manuela Tavares Ribeiro, 2014 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23775)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This work aims to be a contribution to the knowledge of the life and work of Augusto de Castro, inescapable figure of diplomatic life, politics and culture of the Portuguese 20th century, that closely followed all major changes experienced by the country. Thus, the study proposed seeks to rebuild at an early stage, the early life of this journalist. Since the primary and secondary school, completed in Oporto, to higher education in the Faculty of Law of the Universidade de Coimbra. To subsequently stopping at the reading of the first newspapers that he directed, A Província and Folha da Noite, rehearsing an analysis of its articles and an interpretation of his actions. Then it attempts to define his work as a parliamentarian and understand his transition to the Republic, highlighting its passage by CGD and Institutions Pension Fund and the School of Representational Art. It focus, also, in his plays and in his early books of chronicles, trying to detect the main themes and influences. Holds up, then, in his first direction of Diário de Notícias and tries to understand his involvement in the organization of the first Congress of the Latin Press, held up in Lyon and Lisbon, respectively, and in the constitution of the Association of the Latin Press. To focus subsequently on his diplomatic career and his passages for London (1924), Vatican (1924), Brussels (1929), Rome (1931) and, again, Brussels (1935.) Thereby, it attempts to seek the work done ahead of these missions, the diplomatic agenda and the participation and management of files as important and controversial as, for example, the Portuguese agreements with the Vatican of 1928. In the last chapter this work tries to understand, in a very briefly way, his return to Diário de Notícias, and it intends to establish the main editorial lines followed in that period. And to seek the connection of the newspaper to the Salazar regime. Pausing, likewise, in his endeavours as commissioner general of the Portuguese World Exhibition and his stay in Paris after the war, at the exact moment of the (re) establishment of diplomatic relations with the French government of Charles De Gaulle.

SILVA, Helena Sofia Rodrigues F. da, Hospital nursing: history of the profession in Portugal (1886-1955), PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade do Minho, supervised by Jean-Pierre Goubert and Margarida Pereira Varela dos Santos Montenegro Durães, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/1822/11627)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The aim of this work is to analyse the historical process of the hospital nursing professionalization in Portugal by defining its original characteristics, despite the French and British influences. Several factors contributed to the development of nursing as a profession especially the continuous changes in the Portuguese political and religious situation, the progress in medicine and hospitals’ improvements. This analysis starts by describing the Portuguese historical background, underlining the role played by several religious orders and institutions such as the Misericórdias in the care of the sick when nursing becomes a profession. The development of nursing as a profession requires first a training, then the organisation of a restricted group, socially recognized and with a unique identity. The existing original characteristics are revealed by examining the nursing schools from their creation until their standardisation in Portugal, pointing out their organisation as well as the training they provided. The profile and the results of the students of two private nursing schools (managed by Oporto’s and Braga’s Misericórdias) will be analysed in detail. We will study the evolution of the nursing profession until its regulation and the creation of a system controlling its practice. The nursing associations and their publications will also be taken into account since they contributed to exchange knowledge and to reinforce the group identity. Finally, the analysis of nursing practice at the Hospital Geral de Santo António (Oporto) enables us to understand how this practice evolved and what changed for the nursing professionals.

SILVA, Maria do Mar de Mello Gago da, Robusta empire: coffee, scientists and the making of colonial Angola, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Tiago Saraiva and Staffan Müller-Wille, 2018 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/32678)

Keywords: Robusta coffee; Science; Portuguese empire; Africa; Environment; Commodity; Forced labour; Native agriculture; Angola

Abstract: This dissertation explores the engagement of scientists with Robusta coffee and their role in the making of the late Portuguese empire. It analyses how this coffee species indigenous to Angola entered the agenda of botanists and agronomists, and was transformed into a global commodity sustaining much of the Portugal imperial endeavour. By detailing scientists’ knowledge making practices, this dissertation intends to contribute to a better understanding of the relation between science and colonial states in Africa, and to gain a firm grasp on the historical dynamics that shaped Angolan coffee as crop and commodity. The first part accompanies the emergence of the Department of Agriculture of Angola (1898-1939) and the second part follows the rise and consolidation of the Coffee Export Board (1936-1961). This investigation uses mainly, though not entirely, reports and correspondence produced by scientists. Coffee cultivation has been presented in the historiography of colonial Angola as a paradigmatic case of retrograde imperial rule, and the coercion and violence of European controlled plantations relying on forced African labour as main reasons for the economic success of coffee. This dissertation uses the lens of scientists to offer an alternative picture pointing at the actual forests where the plant was cultivated, and where also Africans were growing their own coffee. Moreover, it unveils a hidden imperial strategy aimed at modernizing both European and African coffee production systems. The key to this neglected history is how scientists engaged with Angolan coffee: not as coffee in general, but as a specific type of coffee, Robusta coffee. This little taxonomic detail, for historians just a technicality, has important implications in terms of historical insight. This dissertation argues that the environmental and technopolitical histories of Angolan Robusta reveal the robustness of the imperial project aiming at transforming Angola in one of the world’s largest coffee producers.

SILVEIRA, Maria Anabela Ferreira da, From nationalisms to war. The Angolan liberation movements - 1945/1965, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Manuel Loff, 2012 (http://www.academia.edu/9501562/)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: The development of the colonial model in Angola enhanced the formation of anti-Portuguese movements. Following the Berlin Conference and the occupation and pacification wars, the Portuguese had to contend with insurgencies and armed conflicts. The Republic, with the reorganization and transformation of the colonial apparatus of Angola into a colony of settlement, tossed to the fringes of society not only the vast majority of the rural population - a reservoir of cheap labour to whom was required: the work by contract, when not forced labour on public works of the State; the practice of mandatory crops on the expense of traditional cultures and their traditional food base; the hut tax - but also the nativist society, particularly from Luanda. Traditionally linked to the economic sector and public administration, this nativist society is relegated to a minor role by being prevented to progress in the administrative career. The legal and administrative instruments prepared by the Republicans, as the Código dos Indígenas, came to be enacted in the Dictatorship. However, instead of a decentralization policy that should give wide powers to the High Commissioners, as defended by Norton de Matos, the Dictatorship opted for centralization. Tis became even clearer with the formation of the Ministry of Colonies and The Colonial Act, enacted in 1930, that certified the Portuguese imperial idea. If, by the end of the 2nd World War, the Angolan nationalism had remained in a larval stage, the decolonization movement that burst on the world scene after 1945 echoed in Angola. In Luanda and already in the fifties, educated young people started to explore their African roots, allying literary production to a political demand, giving rise to a series of movements that not only questioned the Portuguese colonial system, but also demanded the right to self-determination and independence. The Manifesto of 1956, which led to the foundation of PLUAA (Partido de Luta Unida dos Africanos de Angola - Party of the United Struggle of Africans from Angola), in addition to a very critical analysis of the social structure of the colony, advocated the establishment of a broad movement of opposition to Portugal: the Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola - Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola. On the other side of the northern frontier, in the Belgian Congo, the Angolan exiles had a deeper contact with politics through local organizations. Many of them were active in Congolese parties, as ABAKO, and adhered to union structures that were legalized meanwhile. The will for the restoration of the ancient kingdom of Kongo, under the United Nations tutelage, led to the creation of UPNA in 1954, movement that was already present at the Conference of Accra, in 1958, with the name of UPA. The United Nations Charter, which emerged following the Conference of St. Francisco and was the basis of the constitution of the United Nations, contained the yeast of colonization and gave thickness to claims of colonized peoples in their struggle for self determination and independence. A movement that was even sharper after the Conference of Afro-Asian Peoples held in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955. In the early fifties, Portugal, that at the end of the 2nd World War was a Colonial Empire, approved a new legal and constitutional frame, being its most significant aspect the repeal of the Colonial Act. From then, Portugal reported to the international community as a pluri-continental country, a united nation but of discontinuous territories, renaming the colonies as Províncias Ultramarinas - Overseas Provinces. When Portugal was finally accepted at the UN, in 1955, it kept evading the compliance with the provisions made by the Article 73 of the UN Charter, which required the reporting of the territories under tutelage. Tis lack of explanations and the maintenance of a colonial structure, despite the nuances of legislation, became not only the basis for attacks against Portugal at the United Nations, but also the argument of the Angolan liberation movements, especially the MPLA and UPA. While, on the sly, Portugal was preparing itself for an armed conflict and in December 1960, in Lon-don, the MPLA announced the beginning of the armed phase of the conflict - the only possible way to have Salazar at the negotiations table - the cotton growers of Baixa do Cassange began a strike. In early January of next year, this strike resulted in episodes confronting the Portuguese colonial power with riots that moved entire sanzalas. The staging of guerrilla tactics led to a heavy intervention from the Portuguese Armed Forces, using the Air Force, recently installed in Angola. The sublevation was at its peak when it broke out in Luanda the Uprising of February 4th. And if the Portuguese colonial authorities had been able to silence Cassange, the same did not happen in Luanda, since the colonial territories were under the international community’s attention after the hijacking of the liner Santa Maria by an Iberian command. The situation experienced in the Angolan capital, and the repression that followed it, were used as the theme for the Angolan question in the United Nations General Assembly. On March 15th of 1961, the day scheduled for the discussion, an armed insurrection exploded in northern Angola, resulting in the massacres attributed to UPA. The armed conflict had begun in the form of a guerrilla warfare that, during fourteen years, though intermittently, opposed Angolan guerrillas to the colonial power in Lisbon. Salazar chose to feed a colonial war that was justified as another episode of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union on the African continent. On the other side of the conflict, the Angolan movements saw the confrontation with the Portuguese colonial power as the Revolution under the form of the National Liberation Struggle. The Lisbon government, which never agreed to discuss the autonomy and independence of the colonies, was forced to engage reforms in its colonial apparatus, such as the repeal of the Código dos Indígenas - the Code of Indigenous People, using this changes as an argument in the United Nations debates. And Portugal was never isolated in this assembly, despite the distinctly anti-colonial and anti-Portuguese discourses conveyed mainly by Asian-African countries and the socialist bloc. If du-ring the Kennedy administration the Portuguese position was weak, the Cuban missile crisis and the need for ensuring access to Lajes Air Base led the Americans to a cautious position on international debates and on the casting of votes in the UN. In turn, the Angolan liberation movement, undermined by ideological conflicts, failed to build a common ground that could allow the formation of a united front against Portuguese colonialism. Be-tween 1960 and 1965, the MPLA and UPA staged a conflict which seemed defined by with the boundaries imposed by the Cold War. On the one side, Holden Roberto and the UPA supported by the Americans, on the other one, more queued with in the socialist model, there was the MPLA. Each movement was, in turn, stirred by internal divisions that forced not only political and strategic adjustments, but also provoked the emergence of new movements. The most emblematic case was the UNITA of Jonas Savimbi, in gestation since the end of 1964 and officially proclaimed two years later, when the Sino-Soviet conflict started building up divisions in the international communism, a phenomenon that was sensed in Africa and, clearly, on the Angolan nationalism.

SOUSA, Amadeu José Campos de, Between Monarchists and Republicans in a “City of God”. Political and Social History of Braga in the National Context (1890-1933), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Amadeu José Figueiredo de Carvalho Homem, 2010………………………………………… (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/15496)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SOUSA, Vivina Amorim de, Trade between Portugal and Brazil during the twentieth century: The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Rio de Janeiro, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves and Joaquim Ramos Silva, 2012

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

SOUTELO, Luciana de Castro, The public memory of recent past in Iberian societies. Historical revisionism and memory struggles in the late twentieth century, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Manuel Vicente de Sousa Lima Loff and Carme Molinero, 2016 (https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83844)

Keywords: Collective memory; Public memory; April 25th 1974; Portuguese Revolution; Spanish Transition to democracy; Spanish civil war; Historical revisionism

Abstract: This research is a comparative study between the public memory of the Portuguese Revolution (1974/75) and the Spanish Transition to democracy (1975-1982). By analysing newspapers which represent different political cultures, we try to understand, for each case, the battles over memory that take place on the democratic public spheres throughout the period 1986-1994/96. In Portugal there is a developing process of a neoconservative cultural hegemony focused on revising the interpretations of the democracy foundational basis which have been publicly recognized during the revolutionary period. In Spain, on the other hand, considering the hegemony of the discourses of the reconciliation and the exemplary transition, the republican and antifrancoist legacy had never been publicly acknowledged. In the middle 1990’s, however, there is an outbreak of the rebellion of memory in Portugal, against historical revisionism, and of the memorial movement in Spain, which reclaims the memories of antifrancoism and of the defeated in the civil war.

SOUZA, Saulo Sebastião de, Electrification in Minas Gerais - From the Beginning to the First World War: historical-philosophical contributions to a pedagogy of Technique, PhD in History, Philosophy and Heritage of Science and Technology submitted to the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by António Manuel Dias de Sá Nunes dos Santos, 2017 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/25108)

Keywords: History; Philosophy; Science; Technology; Education; Electricity

Abstract: Electricity, one of the fundamental forces, which permeates the living universe, has also comprised a domain of inquiry and knowledge, first by way of myth and empirical observation (sedimenting into the so-called common sense view of the world) and subsequently as a focus of philosophical conceptualization and modern scientific study. The present dissertation seeks firstly to understand the process of electrification of Minas Gerais in global terms from its early history to the First World War. Nonetheless, the process of electrification, generally considered to be an instance of applied science, cannot be dissociated from the philosophical and historical context of electricity itself; concomitantly, it is also ill-advised to separate the historical-conceptual field of electricity from the history of its elucidation as a scientific domain of investigation and elucidation. Moreover, it is by way of the deeper understanding of the ideas surrounding the phenomenon of electricity that the contemporary investigator can appraise the full scope (i.e., prodigious impact) relating to the technological applications of electricity. The research carried out has relied on bibliographical and archival sources-book-length studies, periodical literature, digital data bases, films and documentaries, which, altogether, have led to the following conclusion: electricity, understood as both a natural and artefactual (man-made) force, has accompanied the cosmos from its inception and at present constitutes a fundamental techno-scientific achievement of modernity. Electricity not only configures the atom and molecules: it both creates and sustains the living world, from the stem cell to humanity’s present-day inventions and applications, which, in turn, comprise a major element of the contemporary noosphere on a planetary level. Additionally, in consequence of our teaching and research path, the dissertation establishes as its fundamental premise: 1) the role of education as the principle vector of human development; 2) the central role played by philosophically orientated critical thinking; and 3) the complex interrelationships fomented by our contemporary dynamic and multi-disciplinary culture. Finally, the dissertation examines the process leading to the establishment of electricity in the state of Minas Gerais: from its inception to the First World War. In fact, the history of the establishment of electric energy in Brazil follows that of electrification as seen throughout the world, for example, Portugal. As an example of the dialogue between the experimental and social sciences, the dissertation seeks to contribute to a critical historiographical discussion with respect to the history of electricity, thereby also bringing the history and philosophy of electricity to the academic foreground. As a final element of inquiry, our research explores the relevant thought and artistic creations of Eça de Queiroz and Fernando Pessoa as they relate to the topic of electricity in techno-scientific and cultural modernity.

TANGA, Lino, The impact of the Concordat and the Missionary Agreement in Angola: 1940-1975, PhD in Theology: Historical Theology submitted to the Faculty of Theology of Universidade Católica Portuguesa, supervised by António Matos Ferreira, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/9356)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: Not available

TEODORO, José Miguel de Jesus, The General Confederation of Labor (1919-1927), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Ventura, 2014

(http://hdl.handle.net/10451/17967)

Keywords: Confederação Geral do Trabalho; Trade Unionism-Portugal; C.G.T.; Portuguese I Republic 1910-1926; Revolucionary trade-unionism

Abstract: This document presents the results of a research work on the Confederação Geral do Trabalho (CGT), the top organism the Portuguese trade unionism in the years 19191927. Founded in 1919, on the II National Labour Congress in Coimbra, authorities determined its dissolution following the attempted of the coup d'etat of February 1927. CGT’s antecedents, it’s organizational model, organs and the relationship with the confederate organisms, their inner life and their participation in confederal activities, are presented; organizations, main activists and militants, the geography of the Portuguese trade unionism, the important role played by the newspaper A Batalha, and major events, with emphasis on the three national trade union congress, are identified. The social and labor environment, the main determinants of trade union action, militancy and participation are observed; but also the shortcomings and difficulties, repression and its effects, the major divisive issues - international affiliation, the orientation of syndicalism (libertarian, on the sidelines of the political parties or world joined together with the Communist Party), union tactics and the self-sufficiency of unionism, or the participation of the CGT in activities and frontist unit structures defended by communist trade unionists militants. Furthermore, several critical points of the organization, such as the shortage of human and financial resources and the reduction of the workers unionized are analyzed. In addition to this, serious moments of the organization are presented in detail - the attitude towards the "April 18, 1925" and "May 28, 1926" military coups, the internal conflict between union militants / activists of anarchist and communist sensibilities, the expulsion of communist CGT union leaders in 1921, the output of major trade unions in 1925, the crisis starring Santos Arranha e Manuel Joaquim de Sousa in 1926, which took several Federations to leave the organization, the "3-7 February 1927."

TESSADORI, Pietro, The new man of Italian fascism and of the Portuguese Estado Novo, PhD in History: Change and Continuity in a Global World (PIUDHist - Inter-university Doctoral Programme in History) submitted to the Institute of Social Sciences of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by António Costa Pinto and Goffredo Adinolfi, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15449)

Keywords: New man; Condottiero; Chief; Mito della Giovinezza (Myth of the Giovinezza); Moral Renewal

Abstract: The objective of this work is to understand how the ideal of the New Man in Italy can impose itself in a phase of general crisis of the liberal system at European level and how the traditionalist conservatism of the Estado Novo revisits the example of Mussolini, taking advantage of the general dissatisfaction that spreads with the First Portuguese Republic. The idea of general regeneration that foments protests throughout Europe, in Italy is consolidated with the Mito della Giovinezza (Myth of the Giovinezza), through a total renovation, sought by Mussolini, purifying the character of Italians. Fascism implements a broad program of warrior "pedagogy", inculcating in the "newborns" the feeling of pride in “Italianity”, transforming the ideology of regeneration of the intellectual elite into a mass revolutionary myth. Mussolini, with the contribution of the young fascists, seeks to constitute a New Empire which, in his image and likeness, re-enacted the cult of the New Condottiero Emperor of a New Rome Caput Mundi, of which he himself is the living emblem, to which the New Italians, New Legionaries of fascist Italy, must show a faith of "eternal" devotion, even ready to extreme sacrifice. In Portugal, the Estado Novo at first appears timidly nameless, seeking to create the solid foundations that allow it to differentiate itself from the "chaos" of the First Portuguese Republic. Salazar, who sees in the solid values of tradition the Moral Renewal of the Country, interprets the concept of New Man, proud and nostalgic of the fabulous discoveries of the Portuguese Empire, in the frame of the citizen obedient to the Chief, functional to the inaction of the society and the preservation of the elitism of government. The safeguarding of the Lusitanian "Race" can only happen through a civilized and civilizing New Man, an act of patriotic faith completely surrendered to the sense of civic collaboration of the Homeland. A well-being presented, by Salazar, as a Moral Lesson of civic and at the same time spiritual participation, to the Common Good of the Portuguese Nation.

TOMÉ, Maria Rosa Ferreira Clemente de Morais, Justice and children's citizenship in Portugal (1820-1978). Coimbra's Tutoria, PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Maria Antónia Lopes and Alcina de Castro Martins, 2013 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/23812)

Keywords: Justice; Infant Citizenship; Repression; Control; Tutoria and Infant Control; Coimbra

Abstract: This thesis on the subject of Justice and child citizenship deals with the repression, control and (mis)management of childhood in Portugal between 1820 and 1978. Then, focussing on the study of concrete practices, it writes the history of the first 50 years of existence of the ‘Tutoria Central da Infância e Refúgio Anexo’ (1927-1978) in Coimbra. The main goals that guided the analysis of two centuries of the organization and development of social and judicial justice for children were the following: To analyse the international debates and their influences on the laws, institutions and systems of observation and treatment of children and adolescents in Portugal; To describe the context of the social and political construction of the problem of infancy; To write the history of the judicial institutions in Coimbra and their practices of repression, control and management of the child and youth population, with emphasis on the practices of observation, treatment and organization of daily life in the Shelter (adjacent to and) run by the Tutoria Central da Infância. Research was based on the analysis of institutional handwritten sources (from Centro Educativo dos Olivais, Tribunal de Menores de Coimbra, Instituto de Habitação e Reabilitação Urbana and Universidade de Coimbra), written sources of different kinds (legislation, religious tracts, minutes of scientific meetings, local and national newspapers), besides specialised bibliography. Oral sources were also used: interviews with experts (legal experts, heads of institutions, caseworkers) and testimonies provided by relatives of the staff of Tutoria and Refúgio de Coimbra were gathered. These testimonies supplied information not available in written records. Both at the international and national level, starting in the 19thcentury the question of childhood encompassed youngsters of several ages and with different problems and needs, and its main purpose was to provide and train workers for the labour force. Thus, the assistance to children and adolescents according to their needs was intertwined with the policy of integrating them professionally and socially; agricultural and industrial working houses that aimed at socializing stray and delinquent youngsters of both sexes to make them “socially useful” spread throughout the western world. The 20thcentury introduced the discourse of children’s rights and established the relationship between needs and rights (poverty, health, education, justice). In the 1920s, laws protecting children spread throughout Europe and, as a consequence, so did the special penalty framework for dealing with minors, based on crime prevention for the protection of society. Portugal was a pioneer in this matter, with the Law for the Protection of Childhood being approved in 1911. After World War II, the emergence of a number of welfare states worldwide expanded the concept of social prevention, and new social policies were implemented that protected the rights of children. In Portugal, however, crime prevention was the goal of all forms of assistance as late as 1978, a doctrine that was linked to the longevity of the Estado Novo and its vested interest in implementing a policy of youth control. Thus, from within the discourse of youth protection emerged a system of protection and guardianship, based on a logic of social and/or criminal behaviour control, favouring regular testing (medical, anthropological, psychological, school and social) and trial of minors, as you can see in the analysis of the history of the institutions and of the children and adolescents institutionalized in Coimbra starting in 1927-28.Monitor and subject lived in a closed, panoptic system, up to 1974. Changes in leadership and the “April Revolution” brought a degree of democratization to the institution. In what concerns court proceedings, its rules didn’t change until the Organização Tutelar de Menores (Juvenile Guardianship Rules) of 1978.

TORGAL, Luís Filipe Rodrigues dos Reis, Tomás da Fonseca (1877-1968). Educator of the people, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Vítor Neto and Armando Malheiro da Silva, 2016 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/29275)

Keywords: Tomás da Fonseca; Religion; Republic; Education; Opposition

Abstract: This text is a historical biography, an essay about the life of a man who was, at the same time, a product and a producer, a viewer and an actor of his time’s circumstances. The essay aims at analyzing the long and filled life of José Tomás da Fonseca (1877-1969), which travelled along two centuries. The ex-seminarian, farmer, poet, advertiser, teacher, educator, fictionist, historiographer and politician had the chance of witnessing and intervening in four political regimes: Constitutional Monarchy, First Republic, Military Dictatorship and Salazar’s Estado Novo. The text is organized into five parts that come cross and complement each other - Roots, Religion, Republic, Education and Opposition. The specific purposes of this investigation are varied: to identify the reasons as well as the cultural and sociological conditions that made young Tomás go to the Coimbra Seminary and later abandon his almost complete degree in theology; to inquire about the circumstances that led him to lose his faith, to renounce to God and to obstinately decompose the theological argumentation that grounds the rituals and dogmas of the Catholic Church and its clergy; to affront the monarchy and its kings; to follow the poetic sensitivity and the humanist ideals of his anticlerical republican first “master”, Guerra Junqueiro; to worship the life, the civic and scientific work of the libertarian geographers Élisée Reclus and Piotr Kropotkin; to be initiated into freemasonry and to follow the ideological notion of a socialist, secular and democratic republic that he believed was poured in the Partido Democrático, the political project led by Afonso Costa; to raise his voice for the defense of the unfortunate, mainly the peasants, who worked all day long in rural areas; to dutifully struggle for a popular education, which he considered a panacea for the liberation of men and women from their minority, from their ancient submission to monarchy, to Church and to the imposed order by the dominant classes; hence to fight, in actions and in words, all political systems or practices that he labeled as authoritarian, whether they were the Monarchy, the “New Republic” of Sidónio Pais, the Military Dictatorship or Salazar’s Estado Novo. His uncompromising attitude towards the values he defended had its price, especially reaffirmed inside certain opposition circles and within particularly hostile environments in political/ideological terms. Tomás da Fonseca’s detractors accused him of being a biased republican, an apostate, a fanatic anticlerical, a satanist, a mystifier and an iconoclast. On the contrary, his admirers characterized him as a people’s missionary, a civic advocate of laicism, a symbol of Portuguese free thinkers, a destroyer of myths in the fields of History, Politics and Religion.

TORRES, Graça Margarida Adónis, Courses of University Theater in Portugal (1974/1994), PhD in History: Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by Rui Bebiano Nascimento, 2017 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/79602)

Keywords: Theatre; Youth; University; Associativism; History; Culture

Abstract: This research analyses the course of the Portuguese university theatre practice between 1974 and 1994, in extracurricular context, in light of its key role in the Portuguese theatrical scene. In this sense, it stresses its role in the artistic field and its importance in the construction of a particular identity within the student youth. Focusing on activities under the field of theatrical organisation and experience within the student environment, the main objective of this research is to understand and analyse the course and approaches of the University Theatre in Portugal. The analysis was based on the relations between the activities of university theatre groups and their representation in the social and political context through the participatory dynamics of student movements in Portugal. Furthermore, the research conducted detailed observation on the practices of different university theatre groups and their inclusion in the Portuguese theatre scene.

VARELA, Raquel Cardeira, History of the policy of the Portuguese Communist Party during the Carnation Revolution (1974-1975), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António Costa Pinto and Carlos Taibo Árias, 2010 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/7112)

Keywords: Portuguese Communist Party; The carnation revolution; History of the revolutions; Social conflicts

Abstract: The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) had a central role in the Portuguese revolutionary process which began on April 25, 1974 with a coup led by the Captains’ Movement / MFA. In this investigation we analyze the politics of PCP over the course of the revolutionary process, particularly in relation to the labour movement, enhancing the party’s participation in major social conflicts, in strikes, in the factories and companies, in the process of nationalization and in the struggle for agrarian reform. For its relevance to the history of revolution and the democratic period that followed, we gave particular emphasis to the policy of the Communist Party in relation to dual power organisms (workers’, neighbours’ and soldiers’ committees) and the construction of Intersindical as the nation’s only central union. We also guided this research to focus on the politics of PCP towards the Socialist Party and the MFA during the revolution. We have particularly emphasized PCP’s position towards the Provisional Governments, the organization of the Armed Forces and the MFA and also the dispute between PS and PCP for the organization of the state apparatus.

VAZ, Maria Máxima, Social reforms of the Portuguese First Republic, PhD in History: Contemporary History submitted to the School of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Universidade Nova de Lisboa, supervised by Fernando Rosas, 2013 (http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10601)

Keywords: Not available

Abstract: This thesis aims to understand and analyze the social laws published during the Portuguese First Republic. As there were no studies on the whole of these laws, the majority of the thesis is based on documentary sources as well as on transcripts of historians specialized in this period and these issues as to substantiate the characterization of the time frame and social groups, as well as their composition. The study was divided according to governing bodies who produced the various pieces of legislation such as: Decrees issued by the Provisional Government in both 1910 and 1911; Laws passed by parliament during the years 1913 to 1915; Government Decrees from the year 1919. As main sources from which this work was done were the Daily sessions of the National Constituent Assembly, of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Chamber of Senators, as well as their own legislation. As far as the weekly rest laws and minors and women working hours are concerned we consulted the Daily sessions of the Chamber of Deputies of the monarchy where drafts of these laws were presented and debated. We also show in the study the contributions of these drafts to the laws later published by the Provisional Government in 1915.The study follows the entire process by which a law passed. From the submission of the draft, followed by its discussion in general then in particular until the final approval and its publication at the official Government paper. Afterwards we follow the regulation, implementation and enforcement of these laws. The study also refers to documents sent to parliament by workers' organizations and theirs forms of pressure aiming to make laws approved at the time of the discussion as well as making pressure for these to be published upon their approval by the Government. This thesis also relies on other sources such as the unionised press and the main stream press to account for the acceptance or displeasure with these laws. As far as the decrees published in 1919 are concerned, we give an overview of the Portuguese and European historical context reporting the vicissitudes these decrees went through until put into practice. In our final chapter we introduce the Republicans who took part in drafting these laws, whether by being the bearer of the draft or being the ones involved in the debates. The thesis concludes with some thoughts on the whole duration of the First Portuguese Republic, assessing the way the Republican government and the politicians of the different parties acted regarding social issues.

VEIGA, Marcia Regina Medeiros, Old age and territories: an interdisciplinary study in the municipality of Coimbra, Portugal, PhD in Contemporary Studies submitted to the Institute for Interdisciplinary Research of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Manuel Rochette Cordeiro, Sónia Cristina Mairos Ferreira and Monalisa Dias de Siqueira, 2018……………………………….. (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/81299)

Keywords: Old ages; Territories; Interdisciplinarity; Ethics of Care

Abstract: Dealing with old age based on territories; dealing with territories based on old age. This sentence might well summarise, in part, this study. So, having mobilities, accessibilities and sociabilities as starting points, the aim of this research is to identify the interdependencies of the relationships between the elderly and the territories in which they live and build their ties, their daily life, and their identities. In other words, to identify the mutual influences that both old age and territories act on the management and experience of both old age and territories, based on the relationships established and lived by and between them. To achieve this objective, an interdisciplinary methodological and conceptual plan was delineated, in which social and humans sciences (anthropology, sociology, geography, history, philosophy, education and psychology) and the areas of architecture and urban planning, each with its own specificities, were all invited to give their contribution to understand and interpret the observed realities. This study covers four different types of territories within the municipality of Coimbra, two of which typically urban - the “Upper” part of the historical centre, with a century-old history, and the “Solum” area, built and developed in the early second half of the 20th century -, and the other two with rural characteristics, although geographically close to the city’s urban centre: the areas of “Botão” and “Casal do Lobo”. To make the work easier and to obtain a better and broader view and reading of the studied realities, territorial maps were used based on geographical, demographic, architectural and urban planning criteria. To prepare the maps, statistical and documentary data were collected and analysed, observations and descriptions were provided for each of the territories under study - the photos of which are used here to illustrate the presentation and characterisation of the territories -, and surveys in the form of semi-structured and structure interviews were also used to characterise the various structural dimensions of the elderly population in each territory, to be aware of and understand the relationships between the elderly and the territories. The interdisciplinary approach to the multiple relationships established between old age and territories enabled the identification of difficulties, vulnerabilities, needs and fears, on the one hand, and the conveniences experience by the elderly and the strategies they develop and use in their relationships with the territories. It was therefore easy to realise that territories can be a risk to the elderly in terms of their difficulty in access and mobility, and can adversely interfere with their social processes, isolating and making them more vulnerable. At the same time, having strong social horizontal ties can minimize the accessibility and mobility constraints within the territories. In that sense, there is a pressing need for a social change of paradigm based on the proposal for the development and implementation of an Ethics of Care, an attitude that should be developed on a daily basis in the relationships between the various subjects and social agents, based on the understanding that we are humans of care, caregivers and receivers at the same time. Having understood the logics in the various relationships experience and described by the elderly themselves enabled us to put forward strategy suggestions to facilitate the relationships between old age and territories, involving the various institutions and social actors, aiming to increase the quality of life for all people alike, and in particular the elderly.

VELEZ, Rui Manuel Proença Bonita, The Relations between Portugal and Zaire (1968-1974), PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by Luís Nuno Valdez Faria Rodrigues, 2015……………………………….. (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/10003)

Keywords: Portugal; Zaire; Angola; Bilateral relations

Abstract: The major goal of the PhD thesis entitled “The Relations between Portugal and Zaire (1968-1974)” is the study of the bilateral relations between Portugal and Zaire, in the period comprised between 1968 and 1974. The thesis carries out a comparative study between the approach of Marcello Caetano’s regime and the regime that was implemented after the 25th April 1974. We intend to identify continuities and ruptures between the political action lines regarding Zaire in order to find solutions for its political problems. This situation has affected the relationship involving the two countries: Zaire and Portugal. One of the innovations of this study lies in defending the argument that, although we can identify some elements of confluence between the parts, during this period, Portugal related with Zaire by establishing evolutionary and oscillating relations without possessing a common standard as far as politics was concerned. That's what we have tried to demonstrate with this thesis. For a perfect understanding of the problem, it must be referred that this problem is based upon the study of the Portuguese overseas policy and the way this policy came into practice regarding the defense of the established national interests. By doing so, their policy worked as a tool for evaluating the importance of Zaire in the resolution of the Angolan issue. On the other hand, this study has also focused upon the evolution of Mobutu’s political conduct towards Portugal in order to influence the matter of Angola for his own benefit within the context of his African and foreign policy.

VIEIRA, Antónia Celeste de Jesus, The Education and the self-organization dynamics of the Portuguese house servants of the Housework Union (1960-1985), PhD in Education Sciences: History of Education submitted to the Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences of the Universidade de Coimbra, supervised by António Gomes Alves Ferreira and Margarida Louro Felgueiras, 2010 (https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/13868)

Keywords: House servants; Portugal; 1960-1986; Housework Union; Cooperative of Labour Services

Abstract: “The Education and the self-organization dynamics of the Portuguese house servants of the Housework Union (1960 - 1985)” intend to be a contribution to the knowledge of the formative processes in the personal, social and professional areas of women in autoorganization dynamics. In order to do that we took the group of women that gave origin to the Housework Union (SSD) and to the Cooperative of Labour Services - Cooperserdo - as a study object. To contextualize the field we constituted another study object - the history of the Union and the Cooperative constitution. We established the self-organization process and analyzed the path of those activists, to understand the accomplished processes and learning. We tried to identify the processes of self, hetero and co-formation in the formal, not formal and informal context and the development of associated abilities: cognitive, of organization (management/share); of participation (mobilizing/mobilized); of communication (as authors/actresses); formative (of conception/execution) and also enlarged and specific professional abilities in the area of literacy and catering. The establishment of the origin of the Housework Union and of Cooperserdo constitutes the picture from which we analyzed the life experiences of some of the founders and main activists. The process of its constitution allowed to identify previous formations, which were later reinvested, mechanisms that originated formation necessities and the organizational and educative procedures that were started to suit them. The present work is the result of an inquiry in social history of education, made from primary sources and diverse secondary sources, as well as from verbal sources that were deliberately collected for this study. We evoked the documentary estate of the Housework Union (SSD) and the Cooperative of Labour Services (Cooperserdo), we also evoked recorded interviews, as one of the ways of recovering the memories of the past, and the personal notebooks of two interviewees. The collected data allowed us to interlace facts and to trace the history of the Union, to identify the organizational dynamics that were created and the formative processes that were started and lived by the domestic workers who established it. We were also able to determine that the non formal formative process of the house servants, who were the Union founders and had only the compulsory educational level of their time, started in the 60s (20th century), in the Catholic Action movements - JOCF and LOCF. It was this formation that made it possible for them to develop cognitive capacities, of organization and participation, through critical reflection, group dynamics and socialization, in wider contexts of social and cultural relations. These processes provided self consciousness, in what personal identity is concerned and as professional class, that resulted in specific organizational forms, where the formation was always present. However, other house servants, who were half-illiterate, benefited with the action and creativity of the mentors, as well as with the participation in the process of constructing the Union. With the accomplishment of tasks, such as paying and receiving the quotas and the dialogue with colleagues from door to door, was exercised regarding the execution of the work needed to a developing body, to reach the aims of interaction, re-socialization and emancipation. The simultaneous creation of a Union and a Cooperative directed them for new learnings, out of their professional context, such as directing governmental agencies and knowing how to demand social rights that are equal to other workers’. It also made it possible to them: 1st - to acquire formal education beyond what they had (4th year, preparatory school, 5th year); 2nd - to get cognitive abilities and techniques (of writing, communication, elaboration of documents, registers, secretarial work, making official contacts, giving interviews, making inquiries, producing a bulletin, guiding literacy courses, etc.); 3rd - attending thematic courses; 4th - management of refectories, day-care centres, laundries and agency of home delivery services, among others. The trajectory followed by this group of women highlights a complex set of abilities, which were acquired in self-organization and fight processes, according to the Paulo Freire model. The formation constituted them as “organic intellectuals”, mobilizing the class in the search of its social rights and impelling organizational forms where participation and formation interlaced.

VIEIRA, Helena Isabel Almeida, The discipline of History in Technical Education (1923-1973). Path between Theory and Practice, PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Luís Alberto Marques Alves, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/73521)

Keywords:School Subjects; History; Didactics; New State; Technical Education

Abstract: In the context of the School Subjects History, this research aims to understand the school subject of History in technical education between 1926 and 1973. Although this subject has been studied for high schools, its curricular insertion in technical education is less representative. Find similarities and differences between the two subsystems, to better understand history subject in the context of secondary education in the study period was a priority. To know the discipline was developed four lines of research. The first sought to frame the study of history as part of a new line of historiography of school subjects, under the technical education and the recent history of history subject. The second sought to find the curricular space of history subject in the curriculum of technical education and the third sought to identify educational end teaching practices developed. The fourth and final sought to understand what kind of training the technical education history teachers had. As a subject of cultural and humanistic character, over the years history subject has stated in the secondary school curriculum, despite sometimes having shared its curricular space with other subjects such as Geography and Portuguese. Despite the common idea that the teaching of history was traditionally based on memorizing facts, dates and biographical facts, practices developed in classrooms showed that there’s always been the desire of the educational actors to counter this trend, looking for an didactically active history, in which students construct their own knowledge with the teacher as a mentor.

VIEIRA, Ismael Cerqueira, To know, to treat and to fight the “white plague”. Tisiology and the fight against tuberculosis in Portugal (1853-1975), PhD in History submitted to the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the Universidade do Porto, supervised by Jorge Fernandes Alves, 2012 (http://hdl.handle.net/10216/66773)

Keywords: Tuberculosis; Portugal; Assistance; Prophylaxis; Phthisiology; Fight against tuberculosis

Abstract: This Doctoral thesis in History aims to understand how a specific scientific and medical knowledge about tuberculosis was developed and how the fight against tuberculosis in Portugal was structured and achieved between 1853 and 1975. During the nineteenth century, tuberculosis has become a disease with higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. In Portugal, the awakening to the social and medical problem of tuberculosis has been growing since the second half of the nineteenth century, due to the interest of physicians in the study of this disease and the organization and implementation of a plan to fight it. But it was mainly from the 1880s, and before of the first health statistics, that tuberculosis was seen as a serious problem. Medical schools and outside, the medical-scientific community has begun an intense debate about the nature, causes, detection and treatment. The confirmation of the contagious nature of the disease served was powerless to find an effective treatment. The unsuccessful efforts in the field of therapy, encouraged doctors and the authorities to undertake an extensive set of educational campaigns in the field of hygiene and prevention and organization of care for TB with the construction of sanatoriums and dispensaries. The projects of anti-tuberculosis fight caught the attention of the Portuguese society for over a century, for being gradually disjointed after the 1950s at same time that antibiotics and chemotherapy allowed an ambulatory treatment and institutions were being integrated into the network of general health care at 1975.

VILHENA BONITO, Marcos Filipe Machado Nunes de, Receiving and perceiving the Russian Revolution in the crisis of the system: a press analysis, PhD in Modern and Contemporary History submitted to the School of Sociology and Public Policy of ISCTE-IUL, supervised by António Costa Pinto, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8788)

Keywords: Russian Revolution; Reception; Perception; Press; Crisis; First Portuguese Republic

Abstract: The present thesis analyses the connection between political and social movements, coupled with representations, ideals and results generated around one single phenomenon - the Bolshevik revolution. Focusing on European developments, but particularly on Portugal, it describes and considers the reception and perception of this revolutionary process from the perspective of the contemporaneous Portuguese press and groups represented within, in the period starting in the constitutionalist Russian coup in March 1917 until the 28th of May 1926. It also tries to determine how they act upon the crisis of the demo-liberal system, and the possible conditioning of the upcoming dictatorship. The intent is not to assert or prove a simple impact, that the mention and period of analysis already supposes, but to approach the existing Portuguese press and First Republic in a converging and simultaneous manner, under the informational phenomenon around the Russian revolutionary process. This choice for the coeval press acknowledges not only its representativeness as means of mass communication by which the activity and ideals of almost all positions and interests under consideration pervades, from origin to essence, but also a will to re-consecrate it as a source in its dual condition of record and participant in history.

XAVIER, António Iginio de Abreu, Projects, strategies and practical achievements in trade relations between Portugal and Venezuela (19th-20th centuries), PhD in History submitted to the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research of the Universidade de Évora, supervised by Ana Cardoso de Matos, 2014 (http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12224)

Keywords: Portugal; Venezuela; Trade; Migration; Political

Abstract: The present work tackles several subjects that deal, directly or indirectly, with trade between Portugal and Venezuela between 1800 and 1960. On one hand, these subjects are concerned with the external politics involved in forming governmental decisions that supported and promoted national trade. On the other hand, they also illustrate the private enterprise of investors and traders within Portugal as well as that of Portuguese citizens abroad. Utilizing various historical methods and a number of documentary sources, our work goes beyond national borders and the study of direct relations to examine, in depth, the flow, movement and immigration of commerce, finance and people. These three subjects are developed in a broad geographic frame of increasing integration within which men, money and products circulated and where governments and individuals conceived of projects, implemented strategies, and worked out their practical realisations.

ZANONI, Fábio de Godoy del Picchia, Censorship without limits: Practices of censorship in cinema and its echoes in the contemporary Luso-Brazilian demographics (1930-1950), PhD in Education: History of Education submitted to the Institute of Education of the Universidade de Lisboa, supervised by Jorge Ramos do Ó, 2015 (http://hdl.handle.net/10451/18433)

Keywords: Spectator; Censorship; Genealogy

Abstract: The narrative presented here results from the genealogical research of the constitution of the spectator over the time span ranging from 1930 to 1950 in Brazil and Portugal. Following the course of balises provided by Foucault's theory, I intend to auscultate how the production of the cinematographic experience is inseparable from the formulation and circulation of speeches from various sources. This means that the spectator will not be drawn on the following pages as a subject constructed solely in contact with films. Quite the contrary. What is at stake is the effort to bring up the historical processes involved in setting up a specific modality of being. So, I judge it is central a new type of address to censorship, since it can not be explained satisfactorily only by negative means employed, but mainly by political objectives achieved.

Copyright 2020, ISSN 1645-6432
e-JPH, Vol. 17, number 2, December 2019