The intricacies of Portuguese intellectual interactions with early modern Europe, specifically the cultural and political impact of the Portuguese “Discoveries” in different European learned centers and communities, is a topic that truly shaped the academic careers of some of the most prominent Portuguese historians of the twentieth century. “Portugal and Renaissance Europe,” an exhibition of books from the John Carter Brown Library, is thus a tribute to the scholarly endeavors of Fidelino de Figueiredo, Joaquim Barradas de Carvalho, António Banha de Andrade, Luís de Matos, Silva Dias, Francisco Leite de Faria, Américo da Costa Ramalho, Pina Martins, and Martim de Albuquerque.