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Edition or copy?

Abstract:   Assistance in deciding whether something is an edition or a copy. Incorporates materials from LCRI 1.0, OCLC bibliographic formats and standards, AACR2 definitions, and meaning of the word "edition" and its equivalents in selected languages.

AACR2 and Library of Congress Rule Interpretations
OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards
Selected AACR2 definitions
"Edition" in selected languages

AACR2 and Library of Congress Rule Interpretations

Library of Congress Rule Interpretation (LCRI) 1.0 offers some assistance as to when something is an edition or a copy. This may be helpful when you receive an item, the OCLC copy that has been exported does not match your item exactly, and you're wondering whether to input a new record.

The AACR2 definition of "edition" is: All copies produced from essentially the same type image (whether by direct contact or by photographic or other methods) and issued by the same entity.

Consider that something is a new edition whenever:

1) there is an explicit indication of changes (including corrections) of content; or,
2) anything in the following areas or elements of areas differs from one bibliographic record to another: title and statement of responsibility area, edition area, the extent statement of the physical description area, and series area.

Whenever there is a question relating to the publication, distribution, etc., area or to ISBNs, consider that the item is a copy if the only variation is one or more of the following:

1) a difference in the printing of copyright date when there is also a publication date;
2) a minor variation in an entity's name. For example, "Duckworth" and "G. Duckworth" and "St. Martin's" and "St. Martin's Press" have been used at the same time by these publishers. A genuine name change, even if minor, should not be considered as a variation;
3) the addition, deletion, or change of an ISBN;
4) a difference in binding; or,
5) a difference in the edition statement or the series whenever the item is a CIP book issued by the publisher in both a hardbound and a softbound version.

If there are additional variations in the publication or distribution area that are not covered in the preceding statements, consider the item is a new edition

OCLC Bibliographic Formats and Standards

OCLC offers further guidance in its "Field-by-field guidelines for new records" found in Bibliographic Formats and Standards.

Fixed fields	A difference in coding of any fixed-field element (other than those noted) does not justify a new record.
Ctry	A difference in Ctry alone does not justify a new record. Compare field 260 |a, field 500, or field 533 |b, etc., for actual differences in place of publication
Dates	A difference in Dates alone does not justify a new record. For monographs, compare field 260 |c, field 500, or field 533 |d, etc., for actual differences in dates.
Form	A difference in Form alone does not justify a new record. Compare fields 245 through 5xx for actual differences to justify a new record.
Lang	A difference in Lang alone does not justify a new record. Compare fields 041, 245, 500, etc. Specific differences in the language or text of the item justify a new record.
Type	A difference in Type alone does not justify a new record. Compare fields 245 through 5xx for actual differences to justify a new record.
0xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 0xx fields (other than those noted below) does not justify a new record
010	Absence or presence of 010 does not justify a new record. A difference in control numbers issued by the same agency may justify a new record. Compare fields 245 through 5xx for other differences to justify a new record.
020	Absence or presence of field 020 does not justify a new record. A difference in field 020 alone does not justify a new record. Compare fields 245 through 5xx for other differences to justify a new record.
041	Absence or presence of field 041 does not justify a new record. A difference in field 041 alone does not justify a new record. Compare Lang, 245, 500, etc. Specific differences in the language or text of the item justify a new record.
1xx	Absence, presence, or difference in choice or form of 1xx fields do not justify a new record. For multipart items, a change in field 1xx does not justify a new record.
2xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 2xx fields (other than those noted below) do not justify a new record
245 |a, |n, |p	The following differences do not justify a new record: · Absence, presence, or difference in bracketed information, capitalization, diacritics, ellipses, initial articles, punctuation, or special characters · Variation resulting from difference in choice of chief source of information · Variation resulting from difference in selection of title proper (e.g., Keats' poetry vs. Poetry) · Variation in length resulting from judgment of what constitutes the title proper (e.g., a difference in the placement of |b) · Absence, presence, or difference in expanded forms of non-English abbreviations, numberals, etc. Specific differences in the wording of the title proper (other than those noted above) justify a new record
245 |h	Absence or presence of field 245 |h does not justify a new record. A difference in field 245 |h alone does not justify a new record. Compare field 300 and fields 245 through 5xx for other differences to justify a new record.
245 |b	Absence or presence of field 245 |b does not justify a new record. Other title information may be present in 245 |b, 500, or omitted. For other differences to justify a new record, use the criteria under field 245 |a, |n, |p
245 |c	Absence or presence of field 245 |c does not justify a new record. Statements of responsibility may be present in field 245 |c, field 500, or omitted. A change in the responsibility for a work among parts of a multipart item does not justify a new record.
250 |a	The following differences do not justify a new record: · Variation in position of edition information in the record (e.g., field 250 vs. 500) · Absence or presence of "book club edition" statements if that is the only difference · Absence or presence of "first edition" statements if that is the only difference · Absence or presence of "paperback edition" statements if that is the only difference The following differences justify a new record: · Variation in numbered edition statements (e.g., 2d ed. vs. 3d ed.) · Variation in "draft," "preliminary," "revision," etc. statements · Variation in statements indicating abridgment, enlargement, etc. · Variation in statements indicating a difference in content (e.g., Teacher's ed. vs. Student ed.) · Variation in statements indicating geographic coverage (e.g., Midwest ed. vs. Western ed.) · Variation in statements indicating language content (e.g., Spanish ed. vs. Italian ed.) · Variation in date designation associated with edition (e.g., Draft, Jan. 1989 vs. Draft, May 1989) Edition statements appearing on some foreign language publications (e.g., romance language imprints) reflect printing information rather than edition information. If the edition statement appears in conjunction with the printer's name or the number of copies printed, generally consider the edition statement to reflect printing information. Do not input a new record. In all other cases, use judgment.
250 |b	Absence or presence of field 250 |b does not justify a new record. A difference may be an indication that a new record is needed. Compare 245 through 5xx for other differences to justify a new record
260 |a	Absence or presence of field 260 |a does not justify a new record. The following differences do not justify a new record: · Absence or presence of a place of publication if known only from an outside source (e.g., [Ohio?] vs. [S.l.] · Variation in the form of the name of the place (e.g., Cologne vs. Koln) · Change of place within the same country between printings of the same edition · Change of place in multipart items · Variation in choice of place for items with more than one place of publication (e.g., if an item is published in London and new York, a British library enters only London, but a U.S. library enters London and New York) · Variation in multiple places of publication as long as the first place is the same (e.g., an item published in Denmark may show only Kobenhavn, but the same item issued in the U.S. shows Kobenhavn and Philadelpha Specific differences in the place of publication (other than those noted) justify a new record
260 |b	The following differences do not justify a new record: · Absence or presence of a publisher if known only from an outside source (e.g., [A.B. Smith] vs. [s.n.]) · Variation in fullness of the publisher's name (e.g., John Wiley & Sons vs. Wiley) · Change of publisher among issues or parts of a multipart item · Variation in choice of publisher for an item having more than one publisher · Absence or presence of multiple publishers, distributors, etc. as long as one on the item matches one on the record, and vice versa Specific differences in the publisher (other than those noted) justify a new record
260 |c	The following differences do not justify a new record: · Absence or presence of a publication or copyright date · Variation in printing, manufacture, or distribution date alone · Variation in copyright dates if the publication dates are the same · Variation in opening and closing dates for incomplete multipart items The date in field 260 |c represents the date of publication of the edition specified in 250, not the date of a subsequent printing. A difference in the date of publication of an edition justifies a new record. If the date is unknown or estimated (e.g., [n.d.] vs. [1965?]), use judgment.
3xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 3xx fields, other than those noted, does not justify a new record.
300 |a	The following differences do not justify a new record: · Variation in recording data because of different cataloging rules · Variation in preliminary paging, post paging, or separate numbering · Minor variations in paging if that is the only difference · Variation in the number of parts for an incomplete multipart item (e.g., record indicates 5 v. and the library now has v. 6-7) · Variation caused by local binding · Minor variations because of bracketed or estimated data · Variation in paging because of a section (e.g., an index being numbered in one printing and unnumbered in another printing) Specific differences in the extent of item (other than those noted) justify a new record
300 |b	Absence or presence of field 300 |b does not justify a new record. A difference in field 300 |b alone generally does not justify a new record.
300 |c	Absence or presence of field 300 |c does not justify a new record. A difference of more than 2 cm., which is not a result of local binding or trimming, may justify a new record.
300 |e	Absence, presence, or difference in field 300 |e does not justify a new record. Accompanying material may be cataloged separately or described in a note.
4xx	Absence or presence of 4xx fields does not justify a new record. The following differences do not justify a new record: · Variation in form of series statement · Variation in tracing decision or form (e.g., fields 440 vs. 490 with 830) · Absence, presence, or difference in series statement of responsibility · Change of series among issues or parts of a multipart item. (If the item is issued in a different series, a new record is justified)
5xx	Absence or presence of 5xx fields, other than those noted below, does not justify a new record · Notes indicating differences in the language, edition, format, or content of the item may justify a new record · Notes relating solely to holdings, in-house binding, missing pages and other imperfections, etc. do not justify a new record · Choice of a specific 5xx vs. a general 500 note does not justify a new record · Notes indicating the presence of accompanying material do not justify a new record · Other differences in 5xx fields do not justify a new record. If in doubt, compare fields 245 through 4xx for other differences to justify a new record.
501	Absence, presence, or difference in field 501 is justification for a new record. Field 501 should not be used to show local binding practice and does not justify a new record in such cases.
505	Absence or presence of field 505 does not justify a new record. A contents note showing less complete contents or coverage does not justify a new record. A contents note showing actual differences in the content of the item justifies a new record. If in doubt, compare field 245 through 5xx for other differences to justify a new record.
533	Absence or presence of field 533 justifies a new record. If the information appears in field 500 instead, a new record is not justified. Specific differences in form (e.g., microfilm vs. microfiche) justify a new record. A difference in reproduction publishers justifies a new record. However, a change in publishers between parts of a multipart item does not justify a new record A difference in reproduction publication dates does not justify a new record For other differences that may justify a new record, compare field 533 |b through |f and use the criteria for field 260 |a through |c, field 300, and field 4xx.
6xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 6xx fields do not justify a new record
7xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 7xx fields do not justify a new record
8xx	Absence, presence, or difference in 8xx fields does not justify a new record

Selected AACR2 definitions

Edition: Books, pamphlets, fascicles, single sheets, etc.: All copies produced from essentially the same type image (whether by direct contact or by photographic or other methods) and issued by the same entity.

Edition: Other materials: All copies produced from essentially the same master copy and issued by the same entity. A change in the identity of the distributor does not mean a change of edition.

Facsimile reproduction: A reproduction simulating the physical appearance of the original in addition to reproducing its content exactly.

Impression: All copies of an edition of a book, pamphlet, etc., printed at one time.

Issue: Copies of an edition forming a distinct group that are distinguished from other copies that edition by minor but well-defined variations (e.g., a new impression of a book for which minor revisions have been incorporated into the original type image)

Reprint: 1. A new printing of an item made from the original type image, commonly by photographic methods. The reprint may reproduce the original exactly (an impression (q.v.)) or it may contain minor but well-defined variations (an issue (q.v.)). 2. A new edition with substantially unchanged text.

"Edition" in selected languages

German

    There are two words for edition: Ausgabe, which is restricted in use, and Auflage, which is ambiguous. Ausgabe refers rather to a mode of publication than to a body of copies, and is commonest in compounds like Gesamtausgabe, complete edition; Volksausgabe, popular edition. Auflage, the word for successive editions, can also mean impression; indeed dritte und vierte Auflage is very like our third and fourth thousands. A less equivocal word for impression is Druck.

    Auflage will usually be preceded by an ordinal number or by some word indication revision, such as neue, neu bearbeitete, durchgesehene, revidierte, erweitet (enlarged) and so forth. On the other hand unveränderte Auflage indicates a straight reprint. An offprint is usually Sonderdruck.

Portuguese

    The usual word is ediçao (see also next paragraph) preceded by a number in ordinal form, e.g. 10.a ediçao or by nova or some other qualifying word. Revision is indicated by a variety of adjectives, from the plain revista to more specific phrases such as refundida e aumentada (or ampliada), thoroughly revised and enlarged; melhorada, improved; acrescentada, expanded; actualizada, brought up to date; corrigida, corrected. A text may be segundo (or conforme) as primeiras ediçoes, in accordance with the earliest editions.

    Most modern imprints will be that of the publisher. Often enough this will be obvious from the name, e.g. Livraria Academica, Empresa Nacional de Publicidade, Ediçoes Atica, or the presence of ediçao de meaning published by.

    Offprint is separata.

Spanish

    The usual word is edición, but it can also mean edited by, in other contexts published by. Impresión is also found, coupled with adjectives as below.

    Numeration is by a preceding ordinal, supplemented as necessary by words like (muy, esmeradamente) aumentada, adicionada, corregida, revisada (much, carefully) enlarged, added to, corrected, revised.

    An offprint is separata, to reprint is reimprimir.

French

    The usual word is édition, but the word may simply mean publication. The number precedes in ordinal form, e.g., troisième édition, or sometimes simply nouvelle édition to which may be added words indicating revision such as (entièrement) revue, corrigée, mise à jour, refondue, etc.

    It should be noted that new numbered editions are commoner in French than in English books. Not merely does one find Troisième édition conforme à la deuxième, indicating a straight reprint, but high numbers are rapidly reached, probably impressions rather than new editions. Impression itself is also found.

    Réimpression means reprint; tirage à part, offprint.

Italian

    The usual word is edizione (which is also used for publisher), the number preceding in ordinal form, e.g., seconda edizione or sometimes simply nuova edizione, to which may be added words indicating revision, as riveduta, revised; con corerezioni e aggiunte, with corrections and additions; notevolmente ampliata (accresciuta), substantially enlarged. Or a new edition may be implied by phrases like di nuovo ristampato con correzioni, reprinted with corrections. But nuovamente stampato could be used of a first edition. The word impressione also occurs meaning printing, and ristampa, reprint.