The Harris Foreign Language Classes include the French-Canadian, Latin American (chiefly Spanish and Portuguese), and Yiddish classes. Many works in other languages exist in the Harris Collection: for instance the collection includes material as diverse as German-language hymnals and Native American poetry. Consult the guidelines below when classing foreign-language material, also when classing English-language material produced outside North America.
Unless a specific class exists in Harris, class a work written in a language other than English in the same class as similar English-language material (present or projected). In the Harris Foreign Language Classes, treat English as a foreign language and apply the same principle in relation to the dominant language(s) in the particular class (French, Yiddish, etc.).
Class translations of literary texts with the originals. Add a capital letter denoting the language to the last Cutter line when the translation appears on its own without the original text. As an example, class an English translation of a French-Canadian book of poetry along with the original in the appropriate f class, with an E (for English) at the end of the second Cutter line, and the year of publication as the last line.
Example:
f1951 B8256 J22e
Brault, Jacques. L'en dessous, l'admirable
followed by:
f1951 B8256 J22eE 1986
[Same author] Within the mystery [translation of the above]
Where the original text appears along with the translation, class as if there were no translation: do not add a capital letter for the language.
Example:
Yiddish G5438 J24se
Glatstein, Jacob. Selected poems of Yankev Glatshteyn.
In English and Yiddish.
There is one other case in which a capital letter is used at the end of a Cutter line: when a title abbreviation includes the letter l. Sometimes both practices are found together, as in the following example:
Yiddish R7748 I71LE 1961
Rontch, Isaac Elchanan. Selected poems
In this example, I71 is the Cutter for the first forename of the author. The first capital letter following the Cutter, L, stands for the title, Lider, in the language of the original, Yiddish. The second capital, E, is for the language of translation, English.
For further information and more examples, see section, The Harris Dated Classes.
Class works in Native American languages with the dominant literature of the modern country within whose territorial borders the people speaking the language reside, whether they live on a reservation or as an integral part of a wider community. For example, class a book of Chippewa plays with American plays; class a book of ancient Aztec poetry with Mexican poetry. Where the native population lives on both sides of an international border, class on a case by case basis.
Examples:
hColl R5693
Dakota odowan = Hymns in the Dakota language / edited by Stephen R. Riggs
Lat.Amer.Coll LE627n
Native Mesoamerican spirituality : ancient myths, discourses, stories,
doctrines, hymns, poems from the Aztec, Yucatec, Quiche-Maya and other sacred
traditions / edited by Miguel Leon-Portilla
Generally class the writings of immigrant groups with the literature of the country of their adoption, no matter what language or languages they use in their publications. Moreover apply the term "immigrant" very broadly when classifying. For instance, consider the case of a hypothetical English writer whose only connection with North America is that he spent one summer in Arizona producing his own play. Class material by or about him as if he were an American. Remember that a work acquired for Harris probably belongs in Harris--even though the reason for the acquisition may be obscure. When in real doubt as to whether a writer belongs in Harris, consult the Harris Curator.
Examples:
Coll DI246i
Italian-Canadian voices / edited by Caroline Morgan DiGiovanni
1926 AU197ac
Auden, W. H. Academic graffiti
Although Auden is regarded as a British poet, he spent several years in the United States (in fact he became an American citizen).
Class a work written in an artificial language such as Esperanto with the literature of the country of publication, unless there is a better place to class it.
Example:
1901 KO38o
Kohn, David. La biblio de la optimisto = The optimist's bible
Text in Esperanto and English.
Note that when no specific instructions appear in this section with regard to classing a particular work, follow the instructions for classing a similar work in the section The Harris Dated Classes. That section contains specific instructions for working with all the principal ways in which library material may be cataloged. For instance, class a work entered under title in accordance with the instructions under the appropriate procedure, usually headed by a phrase such as For books without known authors ...
1. Poetry
The French-Canadian classes for individual authors are:
| f76 | before or up to 1875 |
| f76-01 | between 1876 and 1900 inclusive |
| f1901 | between 1901 and 1925 inclusive |
| f1926 | between 1926 and 1950 inclusive |
| f1951 | between 1951 and 1975 inclusive |
| f1976 | between 1976 and 2000 inclusive |
| f2001 | between 2001 and 2025 inclusive |
| [etc.] | [etc.] |
The same pattern of classification applies as for American and Canadian poetry. Classes f76 through f1926 are classed by the one-letter Old and/or two-letter New Classification Procedures; classes f1951 and later are classed by the 1951 Classification Procedure. However not all the classes are classed by both procedures. More recently established classes tend to be classified using the two-letter New Procedure only in the f group of classes. For more information on these procedures, consult the section, The Harris Dated Classes.
Examples:
f76 BA653e
Baptiste. Epitre a son Altesse Royale, le Prince Alfred Ernest Albert,
en visite au Canada. 1861
f76-01 N422
Nelligan, Emile. Emile Nelligan et son oeuvre. 1903
f1901 CO236jp 1988
Narrache, Jean. J'parle tout seul quand Jean Narrache. [1988?], c1961
Note that it does not matter when a book is published: class together all works by the same author in the same form.
f1926 LA8376cp
Lasnier, Rina. Chant perdu. [c1983]
f1951 L1656 G89e
Lafond, Guy. L'eau ronde. [c1977]
f1976 R8644 P38m
Rousseau, Paul. Micro-textes. 1990
Class French-Canadian poetry collections in class fColl. This class is arranged by the New Procedure (two letters) only.
Example:
fColl CO3572p
The poetry of modern Quebec / edited by Fred Cogswell
Other examples of the fColl class may be found in Harris Classification pt. 2, Coll Classes. That section is better known as The Harris Anthology and Gift-book Classes.
2. Drama
The French-Canadian drama classes for individual authors are:
| pf76 | before or up to 1875 |
| ... | ... |
| pf2001 | between 2001 and 2005 inclusive |
| [etc.] | [etc.] |
Again the same pattern of classification applies as for American and Canadian plays. Class by the Old and New Procedures as appropriate. Note the order of the prefixes: p always precedes f.
Examples:
pf76 DO396d
Doin, Ernest. Le diner interrompu. [187-?]
pf1951 T7892 M52saE 1981
Tremblay, Michel. Sainte-Carmen of the Main / translated by John Van Burek. 1981
Class French-Canadian drama collections in class pfColl. This class is arranged by the New Procedure (two letters) only.
Example:
pfColl SO398p
60 pages de contes de Noe
Other examples of the pfColl class may be found in the section, The Harris Anthology and Gift-book Classes.
3. Reference
Class French-Canadian reference materials in class fRef. Apply the New Classification Procedure (two letters).
Example:
fRef. BO938g
Le Bouquiniste. Le guide du lecteur canadien-francais
For another example of class fRef., see section, The Harris Reference Classes.
4. Hymnals without music
Class hymnals without music in class hfColl. Apply the New Classification Procedure (two Cutter letters). Note the order of the prefixes: h always precedes f.
Example:
hfColl GL1578h
Gladu, Louis. Les hymnes du Breviare romain
Another example of class hfColl may be found in the section, The Harris Anthology and Gift-book Classes.
5. Hymnals with music
Class hymnals with music in class hfMusic. Apply the New Classification Procedure (two Cutter letters).
.Example:
hfMusic LI248c
Chantez missions
Classed for the publisher, the Ligue missionnaire des etudiants. For other examples, see section, The Harris Music Classes.
6. Secular music and general collections
Class secular music and general collections in class fMusic. Apply the Old and New Classification Procedures as appropriate to this older established class. For fuller information and more examples, see section, The Harris Music Classes.
Example:
fMusic AL432
Album du chanteur
Other examples of the French-Canadian classes may be found in the section, The Harris Anthology and Gift-book Classes.
1. Poetry
There are only two poetry classes:
| Lat.Amer. | for works by one to three authors |
| Lat.Amer.Coll | for collections |
Class poetry using the Old or New Procedures for both classes.
Examples
Lat.Amer.Coll D3525
Delheye, Pedro. Literatura americana: lecciones dictadas en clase
Lat.Amer.Coll. BA543a 1940
Bandeira, Manuel. Antologia dos poetas brasileiros da fase romantica
Class collections of chiefly secular songs without music in Songster Coll. However class collections of chiefly sacred songs or hymns without music here, in Lat.Amer.Coll.
Also class collections of plays by more than three authors in Lat.Amer.Coll. See next section.
Other examples of the Lat.Amer.Coll class may be found in the section, The Harris Anthology and Gift-book Classes.
2. Drama
There is only one class specifically for Latin American drama. For plays by one to three authors use:
pLat.Amer.
Class these plays using the two-letter New Procedure. A few plays are classed by the one-letter Old Procedure, but the great majority are classed by the New Procedure.
pLat.Amer. AU124m
Aub, Max. Morir por cerrar los ojos
1-SIZE pLat.Amer. CA5175m
Leon Felipe. Macbeth, o, El asesino del sueno
An adaptation of Shakespeare's play "Macbeth," Cuttered under an earlier form of the adapter's name (Camino-Galicia).
pLat.Amer. DA934t
Teatro hispanoamericano: tres piezas / edited by Frank N. Dauster
Three plays by no more than three authors, so not classed as a collection.
There is no class pLat.Amer.Coll. For collections of plays by more than three authors, class with Latin-American poetry in Lat.Amer.Coll.
Example (made-up):
Lat.Amer.Coll ME965p
Mexican plays of the 20th century
3. Reference
Class Reference materials as defined in the Harris Reference Classes section in class Lat.Amer.Ref.
Examples:
Lat.Amer.Ref. CO605i
Cook, Mercer. An introduction to Haiti: selections and commentaries
Lat.Amer.Ref.
Lara, Jesus. La poesia quechua
A work about Peruvian Indian poetry.
For another example of class Lat.Amer.Ref., see section, The Harris Reference Classes.
4. Hynmals without music
There is no separate class for Latin American hymnals without music. Class collections of hymns and/or sacred songs without music as if they contain secular poetry, in class Lat.Amer.Coll.
5. Hymnals with music
There is also no separate class for Latin American hymnals with music. Class collections of hymns/and or sacred songs in class Lat.Amer.Music.
Example:
Lat.Amer.Music FR187r
Retablo de Navidad: cantares y villancicos
6. Secular music and general collections
Class all Latin American music, secular or otherwise, in the category Lat. Amer. Music.
Examples:
1-SIZE Lat.Amer.Music BA763c
Calypso songs of the West Indies / [arranged] by Maurice Baron
Note that "Latin America" as understood by the Harris Collection encompasses the whole West Indies. This includes Puerto Rico and other United States terrritories.
1-SIZE Lat.Amer.Music JO126b 1980z
Jobim, Antonio Carlos. The best of the bossa novas
For more information on this class, and more examples, see section, The Harris Music Classes.
Class works in Yiddish by one to three authors in the Yiddish class for monographs. Apply the 1951 Classification Procedure, with one major difference: the word Yiddish appears on the top line instead of the year. There is only one class: no attempt is made to break up the material into periods, nor is any distinction made between poetry and plays. Class translations from Yiddish here also. Note that sometimes what appear to be English "translations" of Yiddish works are in fact original works by the author in English, often published along with the Yiddish titles; this may affect the Cuttering.
There is no class Yiddish Coll for collections: class anthologies of Yiddish poetry in Coll, and collections of Yiddish plays in pColl. Class Yiddish music in Music or hMusic as appropriate; sacred works without music in hColl; and Yiddish songsters in Songsters.
There is also no class Yiddish Ref.: class reference works as defined in Harris in Ref.
However there is a class for serials in Yiddish: Yiddish Serial Coll. For further information see The Harris Serial Classes.
This procedure involves the use of two lines of Cutter numbers below the word Yiddish. The first line generally represents the author's surname, while the second line represents any forenames. Use only the first letter of a name in this procedure, no matter which line one is working with. To find the Cutter number for the author, first see if it is already in use. Search the name in Josiah, noting any Harris locations. If the name is there but no location in Harris, search also in the Main Catalog, since there may be an added copy not yet (July 2002) entered in Josiah. If the name does not appear look it up in the Cutter-Sanborn Table (a copy may be found above the Harris shelflist.) Note down the best number available, interpolating where necessary. Do not add a Cutter letter to the end of this number. Then construct the Cutter for the author's forename(s) by consulting a different Cutter Table, found in the call number instructions in the LC Subject Cataloging Manual: Shelflisting, section G060. (Sheets from the manual have been copied and are retained above the Harris shelflist.) Finally, always supply a Cutter letter or letters at the end of the second Cutter line.
Example of a text:
Yiddish G618 H48m
Gold, Herman. A mold mit a zepi farzucht an epl
Look up Gold in the table; the exact number is G618. For the next line, the shelflisting table suggests H48 as a possible combination. Always use a minimum of two digits in this line. Finally add an m at the end for the first word of the title not, an article; there is no conflict with another title, so the letter can stand alone. So we now have the full call number: Yiddish G618 H48m.
Example of a translation standing alone:
Yiddish S5616 S46rF 1977
Shtern, Sholem. Velvl
This is a French translation, from the English, of a novel originally written in Yiddish.
Example of a text accompanied by a translation:
Yiddish S9674 A17i HAY HARRIS RARE
Sutzkever, Abraham. In Midber Sinay = In the Sinai Desert
For further information on Cuttering for translations, refer back to the General instructions.
Fuller information and many examples of practice are provided in the section The Harris Dated Classes. Except for the following paragraph, information is supplied here primarily for the benefit of cataloger/classifiers who may be working with Yiddish materials as a project, and who do not normally work with the Harris Collection.
Class works about an author based on whether the chief emphasis is on biography, on criticism, or on bibliography of the author. The selection of class in the Yiddish Collection is easy, since there are only two classes, Yiddish and Yiddish Serial Coll. Always class "works about" Yiddish authors in Yiddish. This does not include works about Yiddish literature in general, or about persons not primarily known as literary authors; they are classed in Ref., since there is no category Yiddish Ref. This includes books on composers, song and chant writers, musical performers, illustrators, publishers, printers, and bibliographers.
Biographies: First assign the heading Yiddish and the author number for the person who is the subject of the biography.
Example: Yiddish S8769 A17 for Abo Stolzenberg
Then add a third line for the author of the biography, preceding the Cutter letter(s) with a lower case x. When constructing the third line, use either the Old (one-letter) or the New (two-letter) Classification Procedure, described in The Harris Dated Classes. Here we are using the Old Procedure.
Example: xT112
So we have the complete number:
Yiddish S8769 A17 xT112
Tabachnick, Abraham Baer. Abo Stolzenberg
This is an old example: currently we would add a letter to the third line so that it ends: xT112a.
Ignore the former practice whereby only two lines were used below Yiddish, and an x was added to the end of the second line to indicate a biography (as in Yiddish R1166 R48x 1926).
Critical works: If a book is a critical work about an author, again first assign the two-line author number for the subject, and then add the third line for the author, this time preceding the Cutter letter(s) with a lower-case y. Again ignore older practice which called for the addition of a y to the second Cutter line.
Example of a critical work about a Yiddish author:
Yiddish L699 M52 yM6655
Minkoff, Nochum Boruch. Michel Licht
Bibliographies: If a book is a bibliography of an author, again first assign the two-line author number for the subject, and then add the third line for the author, this time preceding the Cutter letter(s) with a lower-case z. Again ignore older practice which called for the addition of a z to the second Cutter line.
Example of a bibliography of a Yiddish author:
Yiddish M6655 N62 zJ584
N.B. Minkoff bibliography
Be aware that names of authors writing in Yiddish may be spelt in various ways. In some cases application of AACR2 cataloging rules may have resulted in a completely different form of name being adopted in the database. For instance, works formerly entered under Rabinowitz, Shalom, are now entered under Sholem Aleichem. However, the basic class number remains as Yiddish R1166 S48. No attempt is made to update Harris call numbers when forms of entry are changed.
For detailed information on how to class names of authors other than single surnames, see the arranging and Cuttering systems section of the section, The Harris Dated Classes, for information and examples.
| Brown University Library Cataloging Services | |
| Document created by: | David Rich |
| Last updated: | |
| If you have questions, please contact: | Rock_Catalog@brown.edu |
