APPENDIX B

Cleanscape Data

APPENDIX B: Soil Lead Testing Results for CleanScape Lots

ID	Job #	Plat	Lot	Street	Pb (wt%)	Std. Err	Pb (ppm)
R1_1	103	48	864	138-140 Reynolds Ave	0.057	0.003	570	St. Dev
R1_2	111				0.042	0.002	420	402
R1_3	107				0.056	0.003	560	Average
R1_4	150				0.08	0.004	800	621
R1_5	109				0.037	0.002	370
R1_6	173				0.038	0.002	380
R1_7	146				0.047	0.002	470
R1_8	139				0.163	0.007	1630
R1_6	143				0.039	0.002	390

A1	187	54	648	144 Pavilion St	0.055	0.003	550
A2	119				0.06	0.003	600	St. Dev
A3	118				0.155	0.007	1550	356
A4	117				0.06	0.003	600	Average
A5	116				0.057	0.003	570	606
A6	61				0.049	0.002	490
A7	110				0.082	0.004	820
A8	152				0.031	0.002	310
A9	71				0.024	0.001	240
*A8	202				0.031	0.002	310
*A4	204				0.063	0.003	630

B1	157	54	565	143 Pavilion Street	0.127	0.006	1270
B2	163				0.0169	0.0009	169	St. Dev
B3	115				0.019	0.001	190	391
B4	114				0.041	0.002	410	Average
B5	174				0.037	0.002	370	412
B6	181				0.03	0.002	300
*B2	199				0.0173	0.0009	173

H1	168	45	32	7 Harvard Avenue	0.28	0.01	2800
H2	171				0.37	0.01	3700	St. Dev
H3	186				0.227	0.009	2270	19024
H4	70				0.106	0.005	1060	Average
H5	100				6.5	0.07	65000	7697
H6	154				0.075	0.004	750
H7	160				0.26	0.01	2600
H8	164				0.185	0.008	1850
H9	175				0.143	0.006	1430
*H5	142				0.137	0.006	1370
*H8	200				0.184	0.008	1840

C1	196	48	385	65 Ocean Street	0.087	0.004	870
C2	193				0.172	0.007	1720	St. Dev
C3	162				0.12	0.005	1200	438
C4	104				0.059	0.003	590	Average
C5	102				0.082	0.004	820	1040

ID

Job #

Plat

Lot

Street

Pb (wt%)

Std. Err

Pb (ppm)

L1

126

23

58

27 Linden Street

0.162

0.007

1620

L2

125

0.134

0.006

1340

St. Dev.

L3

124

0.36

0.01

3600

3463

L4

123

0.097

0.005

970

Average

L5

123

0.137

0.006

1370

2692

L6

121

0.12

0.005

1200

L7

122

1.23

0.03

12300

L8

120

0.094

0.004

940

L9

112

0.148

0.007

1480

L10

113

0.21

0.009

2100

J2_1

133

46

506

10-12 Janes Street

0.166

0.007

1660

J2_2

128

0.108

0.005

1080

St. Dev.

J2_3

129

0.047

0.002

470

596

J2_4

132

0.072

0.004

720

Average

J2_5

136

0.211

0.009

2110

1029

J2_5B

137

0.033

0.002

330

J2_6

127

0.092

0.004

920

J2_7

134

0.094

0.004

940

R2_1

138

146-148 Reynolds Street

0.069

0.003

690

R2_2

144

0.051

0.003

510

St. Dev.

R2_3

140

0.021

0.001

210

380

R2_4

63

0.044

0.002

440

Average

R2_5

67

0.059

0.003

590

561

R2_6

64

0.0159

0.0009

159

R2_7

65

0.028

0.001

280

R2_8

131

0.132

0.006

1320

R2_9

63

0.033

0.002

330

R2_10

130

0.108

0.005

1080

J1_1

135

29

16 Janes Street

0.38

0.01

3800

J1_2

183

0.057

0.003

570

St. Dev

J1_3

151

0.134

0.006

1340

862

J1_4

149

0.226

0.009

2260

Average

J1_5

195

0.149

0.007

1490

1838

J1_6

194

0.136

0.006

1360

J1_7

167

0.249

0.01

2490

J1_8

165

0.132

0.006

1320

J1_9

101

0.203

0.008

2030

*J1_4

201

0.226

0.009

2260

*J1_7

198

0.13

0.006

1300

ID	Job #	Plat	Lot	Street	Pb (wt%)	Std. Err	Pb (ppm)
H5_1	189			30 Harvard Avenue	0.138	0.006	1380
H5_2	197				0.079	0.004	790	St. Dev.
H5_3	69				0.121	0.006	1210	2708
H5_5	153				0.096	0.005	960	Average
H5_6	67				0.24	0.01	2400	2187
H5_7	182				0.15	0.007	1500
H5_8	108				0.105	0.005	1050
H5_9	156				0.109	0.005	1090
*H5_8	148				0.93	0.02	9300

H4_1	72			42, 44-40 Harvard Avenue	0.228	0.009	2280
H4_2	188				0.117	0.005	1170	St. Dev.
H4_3	177				0.098	0.005	980	1912
H4_4	159				0.231	0.009	2310	Average
H4_5	184				0.061	0.003	610	2331
H4_6	145				0.082	0.004	820
H4_7	178				0.46	0.02	4600
H4_8	166				0.3	0.01	3000
H4_9	179				0.184	0.008	1840
H4_10	191				0.69	0.02	6900
H4_11	155				0.113	0.005	1130

H3_1	106	45	217	50 Harvard Avenue	0.138	0.006	1380
H3_2	176				0.106	0.005	1060	St. Dev
H3_3	169				0.227	0.009	2270	494
H3_4	180				0.138	0.006	1380	Average
H3_5	161				0.172	0.007	1720	1578
H3_6	190				0.164	0.007	1640
H3_7	68				0.074	0.004	740
H3_8	172				0.187	0.008	1870
H3_9	105				0.214	0.009	2140

S2	203			standards	0.182	0.008	1820
S2	147			standards	0.186	0.008	1860	St. Dev
S2	170			standards	0.184	0.008	1840	18
S1	192			standards	0.185	0.008	1850	Average
S1	185			standards	0.182	0.008	1820	1835
S1	141			standards	0.182	0.008	1820

Methodology

A total of thirteen vacant lots were sampled in two days. Each lot was measured and marked with an X-transect. Surface soil samples were scooped into plastic baggies every 10 – 20 feet (the distance between each sample and the number of samples taken varied according to the size of the lot) along the transect. Visual assessments of the lots were noted in the charts drawn for each lot (litter, debris, surrounding houses, etc). Contiguous lots, 42 Harvard Avenue and 44-40 Harvard Avenue, were sampled with one large transect that covered both lots. I was unable to test certain lots because of the following: used as off street parking so that parked cars prohibited access to soil, concrete slabs or other large debris limited access, many of the 21 original lots had a fresh layer of top soil so that the presence of contamination was unlikely, one lot was not tested because there was a fight breaking out on it so for safety’s sake I avoided testing it that day.

Once all of the samples were collected, I air dried each sample for 24 hours. After air-drying, I sieved each sample with a 2mm sieve and oven dried them for another 24 hours. I then pulverized the samples and ground them together with 15% binder (copolymer wax) and 85% sample by weight so that each sample was approximately 5 grams. The samples were then pressed into press powdered pellets. The samples were analyzed using a Philips Sequential X-Ray Fluorescent spectrometer and the data was reduced using Uniquant 2.24.

The samples were tested for heavy metals, specifically lead, copper, cadmium, chromium and arsenic. According the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management’s standards for copper, cadmium, and chromium, my soil samples did not show any significant levels of any of these metals. The standard level of arsenic (1.7 ppm) was not detectable using the Uniquant system (not sensitive enough to pick up these smaller amounts) thus I was unable to determine the presence of arsenic in the soil samples. Three standard samples of Montana Soil (SRM2711) were split into six samples and tested. The published value for lead for this soil is 1162 ppm. The mean and standard deviations of the standards can be compared to the published amount to get an idea of the precision of my measurements. Also, one can compare the values between all the standard samples to get a sense of the accuracy of the measurement for the same sample. Certain soil samples were run twice (indicated with an asterisk in Table) and again one can get a sense of the accuracy by comparing the results of two runs of the same sample.

by Ana Baptista