www.dichtung-digital.de/2001/06/09-Federman

From Surfiction to Hypertext
Interview with Raymond Federman

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RS: Your manifesto, "The Real Begins where the Spectacle Ends," was published in 1996. One year later Mark Amerika finished his project GRAMMATRON, one of the most famous and award-showered hyperfictions on the World Wide Web. Is this multimedial hyperfiction surfiction?

RF: I believe I have already answered this question in my preceding answer. Personally, I see little difference between Surfiction and Hyperfiction -- only a minor difference in technique. Mark Amerika has often acknowledged the influence of my work on his work and on his thinking. GRAMMATRON uses different technical means to arrive basically at the same result as SURFICTION. But let me take this opportunity to clarify what a manifesto means to me.

At its most endearing, a manifesto has madness in it. It is peculiar, sometime angry, quirky, or downright crazed. A manifesto is always opposed to something -- explicitly or implicitly. It usually starts out as a credo, but then gradually develops a persuasive argument to convince the reader to join in.

Unlike an essay, a manifesto is by nature a loud genre. It calls for capital letters, loves bigness, demands attention, even indulges in contradictions. It makes an art of excess. This is how it differs from rational standard self-congratulatory ars poetica. A manifesto is an act of d'emesure that goes past what is considered to be proper, sane, rational, and literary. It demands extravagant self-assurance. One cannot argue against a manifesto. One accepts it or rejects it totally.

A manifesto draws the reader into the belief of the writer, by hook or by crook. The present tense always suits the manifesto. My Surfiction Manifesto of 1973 goes even beyond the present tense. It is written in the future tense. It projects itself forward into the future of fiction, or what Maurice Blanchot calls Le Livre à venir. The 1996 manifesto is also turned towards the future as it demands a reconsideration of what literature can do to survive in the world where spectacle has taken over.

A manifesto is generally, by mode and form, an exhortation to a whole way of thinking and being rather than a simple command or definition. In a way, it is a poem in heightened prose.

I am giving this definition of what I believe a manifesto is so that my so-called manifestoes can be read for what they are. Somewhat preposterous positions which, over the past three decades, have been the occasion of heated discussions and controversies in the literary world.

RS: In your manifesto you say that the kind of literature we need now is the kind that will systematically erode and dissipate the setting of the Spectacle, frustrate the expectation of its positive beginning, middle, and end, and cheap resolution. This perfectly fits with what hyperfiction is supposed to do. Now, for the sake of argument let me play the devil's advocate and ask whether hyperfiction doesn't actually support the setting of the Spectacle. Doesn't the concept of autonomous hypertextual lexia and the click gesture rather lead to sitcom aesthetics and 'clickativity', a kind of digital MTV, than to self-referential, deconstructive text? Not to mention the multimedialisation we were talking about before.

RF: You have answered your own question in a way. Yes the problem with hyperfiction as it is now developed on the internet is merely imitating the great spectacles offered by the internet, all the publicity that flashes at us is better than any of the hyperfiction I have looked at. Or even better. The porno site on the internet are so far ahead in terms of complexity and narrative structure than any hyperfiction I have seen. The problem with the hyperfictionists now working is that they have not done their apprenticeship with the writers of the 50's (le nouveau roman in France, Robbe-Grillet, Beckett, Butor, Pinget, and so many more), of the 60's (with Calvino, Barth, Vonnegut, Hawkes, Burroughs, Marquez and so many more), of the 70's (with Sukenick, Coover, Gass, Katz, Abish, Chambers, Federman and so many more).

The technicians who are trying to create hyperfiction need to explore the fiction written back then when writing fiction was starting all over again to enjoy what it was doing. The problem with hyperfiction: it takes itself too seriously, it whines, it's sad, it's not funny, and worse it does not know how to be self-reflexive.

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