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PSYCHOTHERAPIES
Basis	Therapy	Key Names	Goal	Disorders it Helps	Selection Criteria		What you do	Key Techniques and Features	How often, how long?
Basis	Therapy	Key Names	Goal	Disorders it Helps	Suitable	Unsuitable	What you do	Key Techniques and Features	How often, how long?
Psychoanalytic Theories	Psychoanalysis	Freud	Personality restructuring	Various neurotic styles	High “ego strength” Patience, High frustration tolerance,	Psychotic potential. Tendency to “act out”	Lie on couch, talk freely.	Free association. Interpretation of defenses. Transference Therapeutic neutrality.	Frequent (3-5 times a week), for years.
	Psychodynamic Psychotherapy	Sullivan, Winnaker, Reichman, others.	Confront “bad” defenses, understand conflicts	Neuroses, personality disorders, some mood and anxiety disorders	Like psychoanalysis,	Like psychoanalysis, but a little more open to above problems.	Sit face to face, talk freely.	Like psychoanalysis, but more activity from therapist–more frequent interpretation, for example	at least 1/week, months to years.
	Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy	Davanloo, Malan, Mann, Sifneos.	Clarifying and resolving particular conflict.	Like above.	High motivation, quick to form relationship, tolerance of rapid interpretation.	Like above.	Like above, but with a defined time limit.	Time limit itself is a key issue (how patient reacts). Rapid interpretation. Otherwise similar to above.	At least 1/week, @ 20 session.
	Supportive Therapy	Werman, Pine, others.	Strengthening available defenses	Adjustment disorders. Serious mental illness (major depression, schizophrenia)	Either inability to tolerate more intensive work, or current problem doesn’t justify.	Inability to form relationships (ex. Severe Autism,)	Sit, face to face and converse with a therapist.	Suggestion, reinforcement, advice, teaching, reality testing, reassurance	once a week or less, overall time varies depending on problem.
Learning Theories	Behavioral therapy	Wolpe	Reinforce healthy responses, eliminate pathological responses and behavior patterns	Phobias, psychophysiological disorders, Sexual disorders, habit disorders	motivation, ability to adhere to behavioral regimen	some personality disorders or other disorders that will affect adherence	generally meet with a therapist who acts as a teacher/mentor of various techniques	systematic desensitization, flooding, aversive therapy, biofeedback.	time limited–usually meet at least once a week for several months.
Learning Theories	Cognitive therapy, Cognitive Behavioral therapy, Dialectic Behavioral Therapy	Beck, Ellis, Linehan	Identify and change cognitive distortions, Reduce maladaptive behaviors	depression, anxiety disorders, some medical disorders (ex. pain disorders) Borderline personality disorder-associated behaviors (Linehan)	similar to above	psychosis, severe depression, cognitive impairment, active substance abuse, history of poor adherence	Meet with therapist who teaches relevant rationales and techniques and assigns tasks	Identification of “automatic thoughts” and styles. Homework, including reading assignments and behavioral assignments.	Usually once weekly for @ 20 sessions.
Social and Interpersonal Theories	Interpersonal Group therapy	Yalom	Alter interpersonal relationships (and associated problems/symptoms)	Various” personality disorders and styles, for example	similar to psychoanalytic therapies		Interact with other group members, therapist facilitates, clarifies and interprets interactions.	The “social microcosm”, The “here and now”	Weekly meetings, long enough to develop relationships (weeks to years)
Social and Interpersonal Theories	Family and couples therapy		Clarify and alter dynamics of the group	Broad: can involve specific family or marital dysfunction (abuse, etc.) Or more wide ranging disorders. Frequent an important part in treatment of childhood/adolescent disorders.	Varies with technique		Generally meet together in family group, an maybe also individually. .	Varies. Therapist often involved in showing how things seen as 1 person’s problems are involved in the whole family	Often weekly. Varies in duration.
Others	Other groups: Support groups, Self help groups.	AA, others	usually deal with specific symptoms, problems	Alcohol and substance dependence, coping and adjustment problems, certain serious mental disorders	usually all members have a similar issue/problem	suicidal, inability to follow group rules	join others in a group on a semiregular basis.	Often no “therapist” or authority. Usually clear rules, ideas and objectives.	Often open-ended.