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Joukowsky Institute for Archaeology & the Ancient World
Brown University
Box 1837 / 60 George Street
Providence, RI 02912
Telephone: (401) 863-3188
Fax: (401) 863-9423
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Converts, mostly Persian-speaking, adopted into Arab tribes. The status of the mawal’i created friction in the empire because the laws of taxation required that converts be taxed as non-Muslims. Under the Umayyad caliph ‘Umar, the tax laws for the mawal’i were reformed so that they would continue to pay the kharaj, land tax, but not the jizya, poll tax.
Posted at Feb 19/2009 10:53AM:
ian: What role did they play as a political faction in the Umayyad period?