Corrections, education

including information about incarceration, education, social justice and   criminal justice, women, arts work in prisons and the prison industrial complex

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recent additions:

The First Year Out June 2020 profile of Makeda Davis, returning, after seven years in prison, to life outside, by Stephanie Clifford, photographs by Gillian Laub.

Mentoring as a Component of Reentry, 2017 guide designed to: provide recommendations for community-based organizations wishing to integrate adult mentoring into existing reentry programming; offer guidance on building effective partnerships with correctional agencies, and promote peer learning by highlighting reentry programs that use promising practices in adult mentoring, including peer mentoring.

American Prison Writing Archive; the largest collection to date of non-fiction writing by currently incarcerated Americans writing about their experience inside.

Criminal Justice resources from the Bell Foundation; UK based policy and pedagogy resources

Brave New Films on sentencing reform and healing after trauma; how love and learning support those leaving prison. Mass incarceration accomplishes nothing lasting or positive to make communities stronger or safer

PRISON ARTS RESOURCE PROJECT An Annotated Bibliography by Amanda Gardner, Ph.D., Lori L. Hager, Ph.D., University of Oregon and Grady Hillman, Southwestern Correctional Arts Network May 2014 (revised December 2015)

Improving Language, Improving Lives: Resources for ESOL tutors participatory approaches, materials and strategies for ESOL and other adult learners in and out of prison contexts, focusing on the areas of civics, finance and health

National Criminal Justice Reference Service, US federally funded resource offering justice and drug-related information to support research, policy, and program development worldwide.

Beyond Prison, a collection of documentary stories featuring evidence-based, vibrant models of transformative prison work, including testimonies from leaders in corrections, research, and profiles of cost-effective, transformative methodologies in US prisons.

Transforming Prisons, Restoring Lives Final Recommendations of the Charles Colson Task Force on Federal Corrections. January 2016

Prison Op/Ed Project - teaching writing and civic engagement at the ACI
New website: Prison Op/Ed Project now lives here

Report: Mentally ill inmates are routinely abused by corrections officers Human Rights Watch says mentally ill inmates shackled, shocked or pepper sprayed for nonthreatening behavior

Prison Studies Project bringing together students from Harvard and students in prison. Each is part of a curriculum for college credit; classes focus on urban sociology, race, ethics, and transformative learning.

Italian prisoners get cut sentences for reading as UK 'book ban' continues 8 May, 2014, the Independent

Schools and the New Jim Crow: An Interview With Michelle Alexander - Rethinking Schools interviews Michelle Alexander about the school to prison pipeline.

Transcending Through Education Foundation - The Foundation seeks to provide resources and support for incarcerated individuals in Rhode Island state prisons to obtain higher education. Through a powerful narrative of self-empowerment and giving back, the Foundation seeks to reverse the School-to-Prison Pipeline and establish the Prison-to-School Pipeline.

Adrian Clarke, in the Paris Review, encodes narratives and makes photos of formerly incarcerated women here.

Rhode Island Department of Corrections: Cost per Offender - FY 2012 Actual Expenditures (pdf document) -  Adrian Clarke, in the Paris Review, encodes narratives and makes photos of formerly incarcerated women here.

Loury, Rich serve on NAS imprisonment panel -  the National Academy of Sciences has convened a committee that counts Brown professors Glenn Loury and Josiah D. Rich among its members. They argue that imprisonment is often the consequence of society’s failure to address underlying noncriminal problems.  read more here.

Daily Comment, June 14, 2012: June 14, 2012
PRISONS, COLLEGES, AND THE PRIVATE-SECTOR DELUSION
Posted by Margaret Talbot - how privatization doesn't serve inmates, students or communities well

Arts in Prison: Lessons from the United Kingdom By Becky Mer - This report offers lessons from arts in criminal justice in the United Kingdom. Designed as a practitioner guide, this work draws on perspectives from arts practitioners, program participants, and staff at secure facilities, including prisons, secure hospitals, young offender institutions, and immigration detention centres. The report is supplemented by a directory of British programs and an extensive bibliography including books, publications, and films


Work after prison: One-year findings from the transitional jobs reentry demonstration is the first major evaluation of the multi-year "Transitional Jobs Reentry Demonstration" project funded by the Joyce Foundation.  MDRC is the lead evaluator in a team that includes the Urban  Institute and the University of Michigan. The project focuses on programs that provide temporary subsidized jobs, support services, and job placement help.  The project's purpose is to test transitional jobs as a promising approach to regular paid employment for ex-offenders and other disadvantaged groups.   

The 278-page report describes how the program was implemented--with more than 1,800 men assigned to it in four cities  It also looks at results in terms of employment and recidivism in the first year following entrance into the program.
 
A key general finding is that transitional jobs, as currently designed and operated, do not sufficiently help people get or retain permanent jobs, nor do they have an impact on recidivism. Only about one-third of the participants was employed in the formal labor market at the end of a year.  However, it is seen as a positive indicator that about 85 percent of the men assigned to the program actually worked in an income-subsidized transitional job, reflecting genuine  eagerness to work.  And the evaluators are inclined to think that subsidized transitional employment programs could be effective if they were strengthened with components that provide basic and workplace skills instruction and if better job- and post-placement services were built in.
The project website is posted at http://www.mdrc.org/project/transitional-jobs-reentry-demonstration#featured_content

The Caging of America Why do we lock up so many people? by Adam Gopnik in the New Yorker, 30 January, 2012


The Prison Arts Coalition - an independent space providing information and resources for people creating art in and around the American criminal justice system.

Prison Photography - words and images

University Behind Bars - seeks to replace incarceration with education and to build a society where all people are given the chance to transform themselves and their communities.

Teaching Film in Prison
- Utne Reader on Ann Snitow’s terrific essay in Dissent
Perspectives on Incarceration - Panel of the 2011 Theories in Action conference at Brown University

Tim Robbins' Actors' Gang -
September 18th LA Times article; more about the Actors' Gang here.  another article,  Safety Valve for Inmates, the Arts, Fades in California, NY Times, 30 June, 2011.

Writers in Prison Network Ltd
puts writers and creative artists into prisons to deliver creative writing, drama, video, music, oral storytelling, journalism, creative reading and publishing programmes.

Study: Prisons Lack Heroin Addiction Treatment Despite Proven Benefits http://news.brown.edu/pressreleases/2009/09/heroin

what it costs, in dollars
Costs to Incarcerate Sentenced Populations

Andres Idarraga

The Second Chance Act, signed into law in 2008
- federal legislation designed to ensure the safe and successful return of prisoners to the community, passed by the US Senate, March 11, 2008.

Participatory Literacy behind Bars: AIDS Opens the Door, (preview of) an article written by Kathy Boudin, Harvard Educational Review, Volume 63:2 (Summer 1993), and collected in Enriching ESOL Pedagogy: Readings and Activities for Engagement, Reflection, and Inquiry.

The National Center on Education, Disability and Juvenile Justice -  "examines the overrepresentation of youth with disabilities at-risk for contact with the courts or already involved in the juvenile delinquency system. We provide professional development and technical assistance, conduct research and disseminate resources in three areas of national significance:  prevention of school failure and delinquency,  education and special education for detained and committed youth, and  transition services for youth returning to schools and communities."

Prison Voices - "an inmate-written book, made to encourage reading and writing in prisons.  Within these pages twelve convict-authors reveal the dramatic details of their lives and their struggles."  Teachers' guide now on line at http://library.copian.ca/item/6018.  (Paperback edition here).

activistscholarshiplists.riseup.net  - unmoderated listserv for academics dedicated to putting their scholarly work at the service of progressive movements, including anti-racist, feminist, environmental justice, economic justice, disability rights, anti-globalization and immigrant rights movements.  Postings on roles, dilemmas, costs, pedagogies and methodologies of activist scholarship are welcomed.



Voices from the Days of Slavery: Former Slaves Tell Their Stories - interviews, photographs and related documents from the American Folklife Center, Library of Congress.


Open Doors (formerly known as Rhode Island's Family Life Center) - resources to assist ex-offenders and their families by providing long-term holistic case management services starting prior to release from prison and extending up to 18 months thereafter.

The Blessing Way -  a faith-based 501c.3 providing personalized support and guidance for men and women reentering Providence, RI or the greater Providence area from prison or drug treatment facilities.

Re-Entry Policy Council -  resources, examination[s]of the many dimensions of prisoners returning home.



corrections education

Dr. Anita Wilson  - prison ethnographer whose general interests include all aspects of literacy-oriented activities, practices and artefacts within custodial settings.  Site includes links to her writing and other useful resources.

At-Risk Youth, Juvenile Justice, Violence Prevention, Youth Courts and Service-Learning: Selected Resources

Back to School: A Guide to Continuing your Education after prison; (PDF document); more about the resource (and others) here.

Changing Minds: The impact of college in a maximum-security prison with thanks to Andy Nash - multiauthor study of positive impact of college on incarcerated women.

Corrections EducationFocus on Basics, Volume 7, Issue D September 2005

COPIAN Corrections Collection - resources from the Canadian National Adult Literacy Database

Correctional Education Association

Correctional Service of Canada - including listings of programs and relevant resources.

Education Not Incarceration - a group of teachers, parents, students, and community members outraged by the current cuts in education funding.

The Fortune Society - "Staffed primarily by ex-prisoners, The Fortune Society is a not-for-profit community-based organization dedicated to educating the public about prisons, criminal justice issues, and the root causes of crime. We also help ex-prisoners and at-risk youth break the cycle of crime and incarceration through a broad range of services."

Intergenerational Literacy Programs for Incarcerated Parents and Their Families: A Review of the Literature
William R. Muth. Kent, OH: Ohio Literacy Resource Center, 2006. Muth reports on what we know about the effects of prison-based family literacy programs and argues for their careful expansion. http://literacy.kent.edu/cra/2006/wmuth/MuthIGinprison11.doc  (word document)



The European Prison Education Association - organisation "of prison educators, administrators, governors, researchers and other professionals whose interests lie in promoting and developing education and related activities in prisons throughout Europe in accordance with the recommendations of the Council of Europe."  Site includes research, resource, events and other links to related information.

Transition to the Community: Prison Literacy Programs and Factors Which Lead to Success in the Community - Prepared forHuman Resources Development Canada, National Literacy Secretariat  by Russell James Loewen  October 1997.  from the abstract: "Conclusions reached as a result of this research point to the importance of a safe and respectful prison school environment in order for learning to occur. The type of learning environment and subject content in prison schools are influenced, in part, by the philosophical orientation of teachers, prevailing penal philosophy, goals of the local prison administration, and the security level of the prison."

Correctional Education from the US Department of Education

LINCS correctional education resources - materials addressing working with adults in prisons, jails, community, and juvenile settings; program planning and career counseling for adults in re-entry programs; and designing instruction and program services for incarcerated and formerly incarcerated adults.


English Language Instruction for Incarcerated Youth Margo DelliCarpini, Stony Brook University, May, 2003 NCLE digest

Field Notes, Volume 12, Prison Issue - adult educators' writings about teaching and learning in prisons.
Hard Road Home - An Independent Lens film documenting the work of  Exodus Transitional Community in East Harlem, and its work with men and women re-entering communities.
How Do You Spell Murder - a film by Alan and Susan Raymond documenting a literacy program at Trenton State Prison.


November 16, 2001  Inmate Education Is Found to Lower Risk of New Arrest by Tamar Lewin , New York Times.

[see also the Criminal Justice Initiative of the Soros Foundation, whose Open Society Institute undertook the study described in the article]


Incarceration to Inclusion : Looking at the  Transition from Correctional Facility Program to Community Based Adult Education  (overview) - abstract of a report written in Western Canada.


Interview with Christian Parenti on the US Prison System (and more on Parenti)


Office of Correctional Education (OCE) - information on funding & technical assistance for state & local correctional education agencies that provide quality educational programming to incarcerated individuals

Participatory Literacy behind Bars: AIDS Opens the Door, (preview of) an article written by Kathy Boudin, Harvard Educational Review, Volume 63:2 (Summer 1993), and collected in Enriching ESOL Pedagogy: Readings and Activities for Engagement, Reflection, and Inquiry.

Prison Literacy Programs, ERIC Digest no 159, by Sandra Kerka,  ED383859 . 1995.

and what happens when you enter Prison Literacy Programs as a google search.

Prisoners, literacy practices and politics - Stephen Black.  A literacy worker's analysis of corrections education and literacy over a span of year.  

Read a Book, Get Out of Jail, Leah Price, New York Times, February 26, 2009



Women in Prison, issues of gender

Correctional Service of Canada: Women Offender Programs and Issues - descriptions of programs for incarcerated women and well as full-text online reports re: women, violence, abuse and incarceration.

Women and Criminal Justice - ACLU resources

An Exclusive Interview with Susan Rosenberg upon her release from prison - Deomcracy NOW! radio broadcast, January 23, 2001.

Evolution of Activists:  Prison Women's Writings as Change Agent for their Communities -  Irene C. Baird
Abstract: Within the context of a Freirian/humanities adult education program for incarcerated women, 1972 militant  women's poetry serendipitously precipitated the emergence of an activist perspective among "repeaters" for effecting change  within their community, confirming theoretical constructs regarding the development of a confident, meaningful "voice" for  social engagement.

Justice Now -  Justice Now works with women prisoners and local communities to build a safe, compassionate world without prisons.

Not Part of My Sentence: Violations of the rights of women in custody -- Amnesty International report describing violations of the internationally guaranteed human rights of women incarcerated in the United States

Low Newton -  Adrian Clarke, in the Paris Review, encodes narratives and makes photos of formerly incarcerated women here.

Prison Activist Resource Center on women

Unlocking Options for Women: A Survey of Women in Cook County Jail
On October 31, 2001, 60 members of the Chicago Coalition for the Homeless  conducted in-depth, one-on-one surveys with 235 of the 1,117 women detained in Cook County Jail. The majority of women surveyed were homeless upon entering the system and only 8 percent report having a home to go to upon release. Women surveyed were survivors of child abuse; sexual assault and domestic violence at two and three times the national average. Many women have substance abuse histories or emotional and mental health problems, possibly linked to prior experiences of abuse, for which they could not access treatment and care. 34 % of women surveyed were regularly involved in prostitution either for a survival need such as a place to stay and a meal, or to satisfy an untreated addiction. These women are even more likely to be survivors of violence and face increased rates of detention. 29 percent of women said they had an application denied or were cut-off from government assistance in the 12 months prior to entering jail. The most common reason for being denied or cut-off was missing an appointment with a caseworker. As one woman stated, "If I was getting the benefits that I needed, I wouldn't have been in the situation to commit the crimes." A copy of this study, Unlocking Options for Women, can be obtained at http://www.chicagohomeless.org. or contact Samir Goswami at 312-435-4548.



The online version of Women in Action No. 3, 2003, issue on Women in Prisons.


Women and Prison by Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow - Article from The Nation (March 25, 2004) with links to other relevant resources.

Women and Social Movements in the United States, 1830-1930 - editorial projects of primary documents addressing the history of women in reform movements in the U.S.  http://womhist.binghamton.edu


Women's Prison Association and Home - "a nonprofit agency working to create opportunities for change in the lives of women prisoners, ex-prisoners, and their families. WPA provides programs through which women acquire the life skills necessary to end their involvement in the criminal justice system and to make positive, healthy choices for themselves and their families."
Women and Prison: site for resistance


parents, families, youth

Amachi: Mentoring Children of Prisoners in Philadelphia  from PUBLIC/PRIVATE VENTURES  - A unique partnership of secular and faith-based institutions, Amachi recruits volunteers from congregations to mentor children of prisoners.  Looking at the role of the church in community, the report explores the implications of the Amachi experience for policymakers, funders, and others interested in starting similar programs.  Amachi is a West African word that means “who knows but what God has brought us through this child.


Families against Mandatory Minimums Foundation -  national nonprofit organization founded in 1991 to challenge inflexible and excessive penalties required by mandatory sentencing laws. FAMM promotes sentencing policies that give judges the discretion to distinguish between defendants and sentence them according to their role in the offense, seriousness of the offense and potential for rehabilitation. FAMM's 25,000 members include prisoners and their families, attorneys, judges, criminal justice experts and concerned citizens.
Families in Crisis, Inc. - founded to stabilize the family in crisis and to provide meaningful opportunities for change.  We focus on the dynamics of the family unit and the significant role that family relationships play to help offenders rebuild their lives. 

from National Public Radio:
A Youth Spent in Prison - Following the Story of Jeremy Armstrong, Imprisoned Since Age 16



Parents and Children:   1.5 million U.S. children have at least one parent in jail - overview of  article "Nearly 1.5 million American children have a parent who is in a state or federal prison -- in line with the nation's record prison population, a U.S. Department of Justice study finds. Many of these parents report that their children have not visited them..." with additional relevant links.



Arts and Prison

writings on arts and corrections at Community Arts Network

C.D. Wright: Poems born in prison - In "One Big Self: Prisoners of Louisiana," the late poet and Professor of English C.D. Wright portrays voices and stories of incarcerated persons in three Louisiana penal institutions. Of the state prison at Angola - The Farm - Wright says, "If not for the wire and the guardhouse, you could think you were at a college."

If not art, then what?  - on arts programs in Pennsylvania, California and New York, three states that provide arts programs for their inmates.



InsideOUT Writers
and the Alethos Foundation  -  California-based writing project, with the mission, "performed by professional writers [of teaching] creative writing to incarcerated and at-risk youth so as to discourage youth violence, building in its place a spirit of honest introspection, respect of others, and a love of learning." 

The Medea Project- theatre for incarcerated women; part of the San Francisco-based arts organiziation Cultural Odyssey

Prison Creative Arts Project of the University of Michigan, "committed to original work in the arts in Michigan Correctional Facilities. Our purpose is to enhance creative opportunities for inmates and to bring them the benefits and skills that come with each art. We attempt to provide the best possible and most
positive programs, and we work closely with each facility to ensure that this happens."



Space in Prison for the Arts and Creative Expression
(SPACE) was founded in 1992 by a group of women from Brown University interested in working in the Women's Division of the Rhode Island Adult Correctional Institution. After 6 years of experimentation and evolution, the program has grown to offer both theater, creative writing, and visual arts workshops to inmates of the medium and minimum security facilities, the drug rehabilitation program, and the Training School for juveniles. The program is no longer supported by the Swearer Center for Public Service.

an article about SPACE, initially posted at the now-defunct at idealistoncampus -
http://www.idealist.org/ioc/nftn-space.html

What I Want my Words to do to You - POV documentary by Madeleine Gavin, Judith Katz, and Gary  Sunshine to air December 16, 2003: "The film focuses on a writing group led by Eve Ensler at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility. Ensler's classes have given birth to a powerful writing community in which women from strikingly different strata of society, all of whom are  serving long sentences, help each other tell their  stories. The film documents both the ... personal journey undertaken by the inmates to find and understand the words they need to use, and the power of those words to move the wider world. "

books

The Orange in the Orange : A Novella & Two Stories by Fielding Dawson, Jan 1995 - author draws on his experiences as facilitator of prison writing program

"Disguised as a Poem: My Years Teaching Poetry at San Quentin"  by writer Judith Tannenbaum,  September 2000 from Northeastern University Press. "As invigorating as it is tragic, the book takes the reader inside the northern California penal facility and into the lives of the men who live there. In her preface, available this month in the Reading Room on the CAN Web site, Tannenbaum talks about how prison arts programs work and what is expected of them, and about the joys and challenges of asking incarcerated people to 'shape their deepest vision into word, image, sound or movement, thus encouraging the birth of creative expression in another human being.'"


Criminal Conversations: an anthology of the work of oral historian, Tony Parker

Doing Time: 25 Years of Prison Writing-A PEN American Center Prize Anthology Bell Gale Chevigny (Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1999

Prison Writing : In 20th-Century America H. Bruce Franklin(Editor), Tom Wicker / Paperback / Published 1998



Prisons and Social Justice

Amnesty International's Prison initiative

The Gatekeeper: Watch on the INS by Alisa Solomon Detainees Equal Dollars - The Rise in Immigrant Incarcerations drives a prison boom, The Village Voice,  August 14 - 20, 2002  (the article itself is no longer online, but the link above leads to reference to and discussion of its findings)

Jails and Prisons - compilation of articles from the Nation

JUSTINFO, published the 1st and 15th of each month, highlights information from the NCJRS sponsoring agencies
and is organized by topic and type of resource.  Go to https://www.ncjrs.gov/justinfo/dates.html.

Every Mothers Son - "In the late 1990s, three victims of police brutality made headlines around the country: Amadou Diallo, the young West African man whose killing sparked intense public protest; Anthony Baez, killed in an illegal choke-hold; and Gary (Gidone) Busch, a Hasidic Jew shot and killed outside his Brooklyn home. "Every Mother's Son" tells of the victims' three mothers who came together to demand justice and accountability."

Legislative Changes on Felony Disenfranchisement  From: THE SENTENCING PROJECT
Various reports and updates documenting reform of felony  disenfranchisement laws in recent years. From 1996 to 2003, eight  states have removed barriers to voting for persons with felony  convictions, seven of them for ex-felons. The study finds an  estimated 471,000 persons are now eligible to vote in the most
heavily impacted states and indicates a strong movement nationally  toward reform of these laws.



National Alliance for Radical Prison Reform
- Georgia-based group with the following mission: Repeal "three-strikes"-type legislation, harsh juvenile crime laws and other laws that target poor and and powerless people for incarceration; Advocate for prisoners' human rights and those of theirfamilies, and Promote programs for the re-entry, re-enfranchisement and economic self-sufficiency of former prisoners. (August, 2005 - all traces of NARPP sites have been removed from the web)

Prison Justice.ca - website for prison justice organizing in Vancouver, BC; a project of the Vancouver Prisoners' Justice Day Committee, Joint Effort and Books 2 Prisoners.

Prison Reform Unity Project

Prisoners - Hendrik Hertzberg, in the New Yorker, April 18, 2011; and Terror and Torture, also by Hendrik Hertzberg, March 24, 2003

Terrorism and the constitution : sacrificing civil liberties in the name of national security  -  excerpts from the text by by David Cole and James X. Dempsey,  The New Press, 2002  [review, with relevant web links]



Article on prison in Colorlines Magazine

Critical Resistance  seeks to build an international movement to end the Prison Industrial Complex by challenging the belief that caging and controlling people makes us safe.

CURE - Citizens United for Rehabilitation of Errants, a non-profit nationwide organization dedicated to the reduction of crime through the reform of the criminal justice system. We are a prison and jail reform advocacy group headquartered in Washington, DC with chapters or affiliates in most states of the union.

Debt to Society - writings on prison and related issues in Mother Jones Magazine.

Disproportionate Minority Confinement Resource Center -  project of the University of Iowa School of Social Work, with a mission of promoting family-centered, culturally responsive practice across human service systems through research and evaluation, training and technical assistance, and information dissemination, and related resources.


Mass Imprisonment and the disappearing voters - Open Society Institute Forum focused on the impact of felony  disenfranchisement laws in the United States. Moderated by Marc Mauer—a panel of criminal and social justice experts debated the issue of mass imprisonment and whether people convicted of felonies who have served their time should have the right to vote.

Mumia Abu-Jamal - numerous sites focused on writings, alerts and information on the struggle to free Mumia Abu-Jamal

The Prisons Foundation - "nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting the arts and education behind bars and to working for law  and prison reform. We publish a bimonthly periodical entitled, Freedom Now! which is popular among men and women in prison and those who  care about them."

Prison Activists' Resource Center committed to exposing and challenging the institutionalized racism of the criminal injustice system and to further developing anti-racism as individuals and throughout our organization.  Also includes subscription to listserv.



Prisons, Policy  and Criminal Justice

Reforming Juvenile Justice -  from The American Prospect

SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN PRISONS - 80% of the 1.7 million men and women behind bars are seriously involved with drug and alcohol abuse and the crime it spawns.

The National Center on Institutions and Alternatives - mission: "to help create a society in which all persons who come into contact with human service or correctional systems are provided an environment of individual care, concern and treatment. NCIA is dedicated to developing quality programs and professional services that advocate timely intervention and unconditional care."

National Archive of Criminal Justice Data

The Prison Index: Taking the Pulse of the Crime Control Industry, from  Prison Policy Initiative.

The Secret Weapon of 2008 - Felon re-enfranchisement trends across the country, Slate, Friday, April 27, 2007


prison industrial complex

Corrections Connections - online resource for corrections news and information; industry site

Corrections Corp of America - CCA, corrections management, investment opportunities.

google search:  Corrections Corporation of American  "cca + prisons", including numerous articles from numerous sources (e.g. Corporation Watch, and,: Prisons for Profit - December 99 article by Shirley Pasholk describing the increased use of prisoners as below-minimum-wage workers and even as strikebreakers by U.S. corporations).  Also see Christian Parenti's Lockdown America and Vijay Prashad's Keeping Up with the Dow Joneses, in which "Prashad examines the contradictions of the American economy. He assesses a range of related issues:the oft-vaunted US economy, propped up by the rising debt of poor and middle-class workers; welfare policies that punish those attempting to escape the grip of debt  and poverty; and a prison industry that regulates and houses the unemployed, as well as a reserve army of laborers."

Private prisons on the rise - Range of articles and resources addressing the increase in private prisons.

Wackenhut  "Year after year, The Wackenhut Corporation delivers unrivaled business services to a growing list of commercial, industrial and government organizations."  What exactly do they do


The National Park service presents Alcatraz Island - the official website.

Rhode Island Department of Corrections

RI DOC Inmate Handbook
http://www.doc.ri.gov/documents/Inmate%20Handbook%20507.pdf

Rhode Island Training school http://www.dcyf.ri.gov/juvenile_corrections.php



last updated June 15, 2020

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