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John B. Casterline is Robert T. Lazarus Professor in Population Studies, Professor of Sociology, and Director of the Institute for Population Research. He conducts research on fertility transition and reproductive behavior in low- and mid-income societies. In the past he directed multi-country multi-year projects on diffusion models of fertility change, unmet need for family planning (measurement and causes), and demographic transition in the Arab region. He has participated in primary data collection projects in the Philippines, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi. 

Casterline's current research consists largely of cross-national analyses of contemporary fertility declines, with a focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. Specific topics of recent investigation include: demand for children and the prospects for fertility decline in Africa; trends in birth-spacing; and unwanted fertility (methods of estimation, trends). His research has been funded by the NIH, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Hewlett Foundation, and the Rockefeller Foundation.

Casterline is President of the Population Association of America (PAA). Casterline has served on the Board of Directors of the PAA, on the Committee on Population of the National Academy of Sciences, on the Governing Council of the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (IUSSP), and on the Specialist Panel on Social Science and Operations Research in Sexual and Reproductive Health of the World Health Organization [WHO].

Casterline currently is a member of the Editorial Committee of Population and Development Review, and he also serves on the Editorial Board of Demography. He holds a PhD in Sociology from the University of Michigan and a BA from Yale College.