The interaction of human papillomavirus (HPV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) represents one of the most "dangerous liaisons" for women in Sub-Saharan Africa. Almost all cervial cancers are caused by persistent high-risk HPV. Persistent HR-HPV infection is more common among women with HIV comnpared to HIV-negative women. Understanding the prevalence and persistence of HPV infection and addressing the modifiable co-factors could have profound implications on strategies to treat the infection and reduce cervical cancer. Research in this domain also will provide critical knowlege to optimize the screen strategies for HPV and HIV coinfections, and to improve the treatment of the infections for patients in low to middle income countries beyond implementation of HPV 16/18-based vaccines.