Through the Senate Elections Data Project 1871-1913, Brown University hosts the searchable digital archives of the pages from state House and Senate journals that list the roll call votes for U.S. senators in state legislatures for each state.  https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/collections/id_642/

 The amount of data is vast - we have over 577,000 roll call votes collected from the 48 states which existed during the period of our study.  To date, we have posted the roll call data files by state, for 24 states, including year, seat year, type of election, chamber, joint ballot number, U.S. Senate candidate name, state legislator name and vote choice, and where available, state legislator party, district, and county.   

https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/collections/id_642/?q=roll+call+votes