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Science and Technology

Clay minerals on Mars may have formed in primordial steam bath

New research suggests that the bulk of clay minerals on Mars could have been formed as the planet’s crust cooled and solidified, not by later interactions with water on the surface as has long been assumed.
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Gravitational waves could shed light on the origin of black holes

The detection of gravitational waves has given astronomers a new way of looking at the universe, and a new study shows how these ripples in the fabric of spacetime might confirm or rule out the existence of a certain type of black hole.
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Research bolsters possibility of plate tectonics on Europa

Subduction--the sliding of one tectonic plate beneath another--is possible on the ice shell of Jupiter's moon Europa, a new study shows. The process could supply chemical food for life to a subsurface ocean.
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Brown biology, engineering professors named AAAS fellows

For their distinguished contributions to science, professors Stephen Helfand and Sharon Swartz and have been elected fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Researchers devise an algorithm to combat gerrymandering

A team of computer scientists led by Brown’s Philip Klein has come up with a new algorithmic approach to drawing congressional districts that would prevent contortions for partisan gain.
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Physicists describe new dark matter detection strategy

The proposed detector would use superfluid helium to explore mass ranges of dark matter particles thousands of times smaller than current large-scale experiments can detect.
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Researchers show how nanoscale patterning can decrease metal fatigue

Fatigue due to repetitive strain is the leading cause of failure in metal components and structures, but new research shows how crystalline structures called nanotwins can slow the accumulation of fatigue-related damage.
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Terahertz spectroscopy goes nano

Brown University researchers have improved the resolution of terahertz emission spectroscopy — a technique used to study a wide variety of materials — by 1,000-fold, making the technique useful at the nanoscale.
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Research demonstrates method to alter coherence of light

In a finding that could have broad applications in optical devices, Brown University researchers have shown that they can transform incoherent light to almost fully coherent and vice versa.
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Where food is limited, guppy mothers gestate their young longer

When evolving in environments where a lack of predators makes food scarcity the main survival challenge, guppy mothers gestate their young longer so that they are born more ready to compete for their meals.
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New research suggests Mercury’s poles are icier than scientists thought

A Brown University study identifies three large surface ice deposits near Mercury’s north pole, and suggests there could be many additional small-scale deposits that would dramatically increase the planet’s surface ice inventory.
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HHMI fellowships support life science leaders from underrepresented groups

Postdoctoral researcher Arif Hamid and graduate students Kavin Nuñez and Shawn Williams have earned competitive fellowships from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute to support their academic careers and their desire to become role models in science.
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Why it’s difficult to predict evolutionary fate of a new trait

In a new review paper, scientists explain the vexing complexities that make it hard to predict whether a new genetic trait will take over a population or die out, a key challenge for many fields including infectious disease.
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Researchers develop 3-D-printed biomaterials that degrade on demand

The temporary structures, which can be degraded away with a biocompatible chemical trigger, could be useful in fabricating microfluidic devices, creating biomaterials that respond dynamically to stimuli and in patterning artificial tissue.
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Main green totally packed for partial eclipse

The Great American Eclipse drew a big crowd at a College Hill viewing event. Check out a sampling of social media posts from those in attendance.
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Brown researchers partner with state for water testing

A team of researchers from Brown’s Superfund Research Program is partnering with the Rhode Island Department of Health to test 35 of the state’s water systems for chemicals known as PFASs.
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Brown researchers issued FCC license for terahertz tests

The Federal Communications Commission has issued a license for testing terahertz wireless data links, which could be the backbone of next-generation high-speed data networks, on the Brown campus.
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Brown shares in NSF grant to model how mutations change traits

With a $1.5 million share of a new $6 million, four-year grant, Brown scientists will contribute to an effort to model how genetic mutations can lead to differences in proteins that ultimately cause different traits in organisms.
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ICERM to lead $8M pure math research collaboration

Brown’s Institute for Computational and Experimental Research in Mathematics will lead a multi-institution effort sponsored by the Simons Foundation to explore fundamental questions in algebra and number theory.
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Scientists spy new evidence of water in the Moon’s interior

Using satellite data, Brown researchers have for the first time detected widespread water within ancient explosive volcanic deposits on the Moon, suggesting that its interior contains substantial amounts of indigenous water.
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To swallow food, some sharks shrug their shoulders

Sophisticated X-ray imaging technology has allowed scientists to see that to keep food moving down toward the digestive tract, bamboo sharks use their shoulders to create suction.
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Research makes robots better at following spoken instructions

A new software system helps robots to more effectively act on instructions from people, who by nature give commands that range from simple and straightforward to those that are more complex and imply a myriad of subtasks.
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Researchers flip the script on magnetocapacitance

The study demonstrates for the first time a new type of magnetocapacitance, a phenomenon that could be useful in the next generation of ‘spintronic’ devices.
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Like a slice of pizza, a curvature could give fish fins their strength

Brown University engineers have shown that applying curvature to the base of a fish fin can increase its stiffness, an effect that could underlie the maneuverability of fish and provide a new design concept for robotic swimmers.
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